Skip to content

Economy of Haiti vs Italy compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Haiti has a GDP of $25.2B compared to $2.38T for Italy, ranking 117/197 and 8/197 by economy size, respectively.

Haiti has $3.91B in government debt (15.5% of GDP), compared to $3.22T (135.3% of GDP) in Italy.

Haiti vs Italy GDP by year

Haiti
Italy
1x
Year GDP, current $
Haiti Italy
2024 $25,224,154,991 $2,380,825,077,244
2023 $19,850,585,722 $2,316,727,999,333
2022 $20,253,551,921 $2,104,067,630,319
2021 $20,944,387,976 $2,179,207,773,596
2020 $14,508,222,518 $1,907,481,094,079
2019 $15,016,090,930 $2,019,606,796,584
2018 $16,403,864,618 $2,099,435,266,459
2017 $15,093,357,161 $1,970,720,904,585
2016 $14,069,277,526 $1,887,111,188,177
2015 $14,849,629,309 $1,845,428,048,839
2014 $15,146,883,498 $2,173,255,507,986
2013 $14,902,488,604 $2,153,225,581,941
2012 $13,708,925,477 $2,097,929,495,122
2011 $13,008,746,039 $2,306,974,020,278
2010 $11,859,312,725 $2,144,936,254,535
2009 $11,597,002,835 $2,209,484,319,013
2008 $10,432,962,635 $2,417,508,414,187
2007 $9,228,637,768 $2,222,524,108,128
2006 $7,638,739,123 $1,958,563,654,386
2005 $7,030,149,730 $1,864,982,261,287
2004 $6,087,360,684 $1,812,808,753,295
2003 $5,071,947,798 $1,582,930,016,539
2002 $6,205,847,214 $1,281,746,271,196
2001 $6,331,970,324 $1,172,041,488,806
2000 $6,813,566,099 $1,149,661,363,439
1999 $4,153,725,884 $1,255,004,736,464
1998 $3,723,903,724 $1,272,729,786,997
1997 $3,338,949,152 $1,244,988,176,444
1996 $2,907,517,604 $1,314,776,508,972
1995 $2,813,313,279 $1,177,369,428,266
1994 $2,167,569,046 $1,101,750,159,702
1993 $1,878,253,767 $1,067,412,587,671
1992 $2,257,129,792 $1,323,204,350,354
1991 $3,473,562,628 $1,249,092,439,519
1990 $3,096,289,800 $1,183,945,130,899
1989 $2,736,243,800 $930,801,709,004
1988 $2,613,926,800 $893,663,934,841
1987 $2,047,200,000 $807,570,134,449
1986 $2,318,000,000 $641,862,313,287
1985 $2,009,400,000 $453,259,761,687
1984 $1,816,200,000 $438,896,930,791
1983 $1,623,600,000 $444,063,496,940
1982 $1,474,200,000 $428,257,421,618
1981 $1,479,400,000 $431,695,533,981
1980 $1,383,800,000 $478,356,755,596
1979 $1,080,600,000 $394,584,507,108
1978 $974,200,000 $315,784,469,541
1977 $947,000,000 $258,190,019,750
1976 $879,000,000 $225,235,205,862
1975 $681,400,000 $228,220,643,535
1974 $565,399,322 $200,024,444,775
1973 $466,798,973 $175,896,529,392
1972 $371,998,958 $145,594,833,997
1971 $362,800,000 $124,959,712,859
1970 $331,200,000 $113,656,669,765
1969 $391,820,400 $100,996,667,239
1968 $367,968,800 $91,485,448,148
1967 $369,124,200 $84,401,995,573
1966 $368,948,600 $76,622,444,787
1965 $353,251,800 $70,717,012,186
1964 $325,281,200 $65,720,771,779
1963 $294,883,400 $60,035,924,618
1962 $281,896,800 $52,413,872,628
1961 $271,066,000 $46,649,487,320
1960 $273,187,200 $42,012,422,612

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/italy | CC BY

GDP per capita in Haiti vs Italy by year

Haiti
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Italy
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Haiti Italy
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $2,143 $3,194 $40,385 $62,014
2023 $1,706 $3,292 $39,277 $60,030
2022 $1,761 $3,275 $35,654 $57,261
2021 $1,841 $3,145 $36,853 $49,825
2020 $1,290 $3,103 $32,091 $44,436
2019 $1,352 $3,237 $33,813 $46,662
2018 $1,496 $3,197 $34,904 $43,387
2017 $1,395 $3,339 $32,844 $42,142
2016 $1,318 $3,253 $31,392 $40,483
2015 $1,411 $3,026 $30,640 $37,384
2014 $1,460 $3,076 $36,028 $36,666
2013 $1,458 $3,042 $35,702 $36,459
2012 $1,361 $2,830 $34,854 $36,281
2011 $1,312 $2,858 $38,432 $36,392
2010 $1,210 $2,695 $35,857 $34,974
2009 $1,197 $2,855 $37,100 $34,502
2008 $1,095 $2,724 $40,829 $35,422
2007 $985 $2,647 $37,826 $34,108
2006 $829 $2,504 $33,537 $32,454
2005 $776 $2,427 $32,063 $30,138
2004 $683 $2,322 $31,348 $29,581
2003 $579 $2,331 $27,578 $29,249
2002 $721 $2,248 $22,451 $28,833
2001 $749 $2,230 $20,570 $28,134
2000 $821 $2,229 $20,190 $27,152
1999 $510 $2,201 $22,050 $25,655
1998 $465 $2,152 $22,365 $25,075
1997 $425 $2,122 $21,884 $23,937
1996 $377 $2,070 $23,123 $23,101
1995 $372 $1,989 $20,712 $22,446
1994 $292.1 $1,807 $19,382 $21,369
1993 $258.1 $2,048 $18,782 $20,485
1992 $316 $2,158 $23,297 $20,196
1991 $497 $2,273 $22,007 $19,596
1990 $452 $2,202 $20,874 $18,680
1989 $407 - $16,424 -
1988 $397 - $15,781 -
1987 $318 - $14,268 -
1986 $367 - $11,341 -
1985 $325 - $8,009 -
1984 $299.2 - $7,758 -
1983 $272.8 - $7,851 -
1982 $252.6 - $7,574 -
1981 $258.5 - $7,640 -
1980 $246.5 - $8,476 -
1979 $196.2 - $7,006 -
1978 $180.3 - $5,623 -
1977 $178.7 - $4,614 -
1976 $169.1 - $4,042 -
1975 $133.6 - $4,116 -
1974 $113 - $3,629 -
1973 $95.1 - $3,213 -
1972 $77.3 - $2,677 -
1971 $76.8 - $2,311 -
1970 $71.5 - $2,112 -
1969 $86.1 - $1,886 -
1968 $82.4 - $1,718 -
1967 $84.2 - $1,595 -
1966 $85.7 - $1,459 -
1965 $83.6 - $1,357 -
1964 $78.5 - $1,272 -
1963 $72.4 - $1,171 -
1962 $70.4 - $1,030 -
1961 $69 - $923 -
1960 $70.8 - $837 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/italy | CC BY

Haiti's GDP per capita is $2,143, ranking 153/197, compared to $40,385 in Italy, ranking 29/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Haiti ranks 177th at $3,194, while Italy ranks 31st at $62,014.

Economic indicators

Haiti Italy
Gross domestic product
$25.2B
2024
$2.38T
2024
GDP rank
117/197
2024
8/197
2024
GDP growth
-4.17%
2023-2024
0.69%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$2,143
2024
$40,385
2024
GDP per capita rank
153/197
2024
29/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$3,194
2024
$62,014
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
177/197
2024
31/197
2024
Government debt
$3.91B
2024
$3.22T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
15.5%
2024
135.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$332
2024
$54,652
2024
Government debt per person rank
176/185
2024
6/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,896
2026
$23,800
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$587B
2014
Number of millionaires n/a
1,344,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
74
2025
Income share by richest 10%
31.2%
2012
25.8%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.1%
2012
2.3%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
5.25%
2024
50.6%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
26.9%
2023-2024
0.98%
2023-2024
Unemployment rate
14.1%
2012
6.5%
2024
Population
12076663
58562681

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Haiti
Spending

Debt
Italy
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Haiti Italy
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 5.25% 15.5% 50.6% 135.3%
2023 6.46% 28.5% 54% 134.6%
2022 8.33% 29.5% 54.9% 138.3%
2021 9.42% 28.9% 56% 145.8%
2020 9.86% 22.3% 56.8% 154.4%
2019 9.59% 26.5% 48.4% 133.9%
2018 11.3% 24.1% 48.3% 134.2%
2017 10.2% 22.5% 48.8% 133.7%
2016 10.5% 24.4% 49% 134.2%
2015 12.7% 23.9% 50.2% 134.8%
2014 14.6% 21.4% 50.7% 134.8%
2013 15.9% 25.1% 50.9% 131.9%
2012 16.4% 24.1% 50.5% 125.9%
2011 14.1% 22.3% 49% 119.1%
2010 12.6% 24.9% 49.8% 118.8%
2009 11.6% 19.4% 51.1% 116.1%
2008 11.2% 33.9% 47.8% 105.8%
2007 11.1% 24.4% 46.6% 103.5%
2006 9.67% 32.2% 47.6% 106.3%
2005 8.75% 29.7% 47.1% 106.2%
2004 7.38% 30.4% 46.7% 104.7%
2003 7.83% 37.8% 47% 105.1%
2002 6.64% 32% 46.5% 105.9%
2001 6.11% 28.8% 47.1% 108.5%
2000 6.25% 32.5% 46.4% 108.7%
1999 6.91% 24.1% 47.1% 113.1%
1998 5.4% 24% 48% 113.9%
1997 5.46% 26.2% 49.3% 116.5%
1996 - 26.2% 51.3% 118.9%
1995 - 26.2% 51.4% 119.1%
1994 - 35.3% 55.1% 130.8%
1993 - 98% 57.8% 124.1%
1992 - 118.9% 56.8% 113%
1991 - 80.7% 55.3% 105.3%
1990 - 85.1% 54.2% 101.7%
1989 - 98.7% 51.6% 91.8%
1988 - 90.9% 50.4% 89.2%
1987 32.4% 58.6% 49.8% 87.4%
1986 15.1% 26.5% 50.5% 83.4%
1985 17.4% 25.6% 49.8% 79.1%
1984 16.9% 27.3% 49.1% 73.1%
1983 21.9% 28.9% 48.9% 67.8%
1982 20.7% 25.5% 46.7% 61.8%
1981 17.4% 23.7% 44.6% 57.3%
1980 17.2% 20.3% 40.8% 55.1%
1979 13.1% 19.8% 40.1% 58.9%
1978 18.9% 20.1% 40.9% 59.9%
1977 16.7% 18.5% 38.5% 56%
1976 13.4% 14.9% 38.1% 57.3%
1975 12.8% 14.2% 39.1% 57.9%
1974 9.24% 13.3% 34.8% 50.8%
1973 9.4% 8.92% 35.3% 51.1%
1972 11.2% 11.1% 36.4% 48.2%
1971 11.2% 11% 34.4% 42.4%
1970 11.4% 12.5% 32.3% 37.8%
1969 10.1% - 32.1% 37%
1968 10.3% - 32.6% 36.4%
1967 7.52% - 17.9% 33.3%
1966 7.2% - 19.1% 33.4%
1965 7.91% - 18.6% 28.4%
1964 - - 18.2% 27.2%
1963 8.95% - 16.7% 27.2%
1962 - - 17.5% 29%
1961 - - 17.3% 30%
1960 7.34% 21.6% 16.5% 31.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/italy | CC BY

In 2024, Haiti's government spending was $1.32B, accounting for 5.25% of its GDP, while Italy spent $1.2T, or 50.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 15.5% in Haiti and 135.3% in Italy, ranking 177/185 and 8/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Haiti

Italy
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Haiti Italy
2024 6.96% -3.45%
2023 0.77% -7.24%
2022 -1.75% -8.11%
2021 -2.45% -8.88%
2020 -1.96% -9.38%
2019 -1.99% -1.45%
2018 -1.13% -2.19%
2017 -0.32% -2.51%
2016 0.12% -2.4%
2015 -1.47% -2.46%
2014 -3.64% -2.82%
2013 -3.98% -2.87%
2012 -2.71% -2.99%
2011 -1.43% -3.52%
2010 -1.5% -4.16%
2009 -2% -5.06%
2008 -1.8% -2.58%
2007 -1.55% -1.33%
2006 -0.91% -3.61%
2005 -0.83% -4.1%
2004 -1.34% -3.46%
2003 -2.24% -3.23%
2002 -1.8% -2.88%
2001 -1.55% -3.18%
2000 -1.36% -2.42%
1999 -1.54% -1.77%
1998 0.21% -2.99%
1997 0.37% -2.98%
1996 - -6.61%
1995 - -7.2%
1994 - -8.84%
1993 - -9.76%
1992 - -10.1%
1991 - -11.1%
1990 - -11.1%
1989 - -11.4%
1988 - -11%
1987 -4.94% -11.5%
1986 -1.4% -12%
1985 -0.97% -12.4%
1984 -3.52% -11.5%
1983 -5.72% -10.1%
1982 -3.93% -10%
1981 -4.38% -10.9%
1980 -5.68% -6.97%
1979 -2.21% -8.23%
1978 -3.24% -8.47%
1977 -2.85% -6.96%
1976 -1.16% -7.88%
1975 -1.73% -10.3%
1974 0.23% -6.24%
1973 0.03% -6.36%
1972 0.24% -6.84%
1971 -0.08% -4.71%
1970 -0.19% -3.22%
1969 -0.39% -2.85%
1968 -0.46% -2.55%
1967 0% -0.97%
1966 0% -1.59%
1965 0% -2.67%
1964 - -2.35%
1963 0% -0.3%
1962 - -0.95%
1961 - -0.57%
1960 0.006% -0.28%
1959 -1.11% -1%
1958 -2.21% -0.98%
1957 0.28% -1.09%
1956 -2.18% -1.46%
1955 -0.86% -2.03%
1954 -0.81% -1.84%
1953 -1.01% -2.33%
1952 - -4.08%
1951 - -3.86%
1950 - -2.42%
1949 -0.12% -2.82%
1948 0.21% -4.58%
1947 1.06% -6.62%
1946 0.51% -9.82%
1945 0.47% -16.9%
1944 - -35.1%
1943 - -16.1%
1942 - -26.9%
1941 -0.21% -25.1%
1940 0.13% -24.3%
1939 -0.16% -9.49%
1938 0.15% -5.97%
1937 -0.08% -5.78%
1936 -0.06% -7.93%
1935 -0.2% -9.83%
1934 -1.23% -2.5%
1933 0% -4.85%
1932 0.4% -3.06%
1931 -0.49% -2.14%
1930 -0.52% -0.55%
1929 -0.32% -0.59%
1928 -0.25% -2.09%
1927 0.73% -1.71%
1926 -0.45% -0.09%
1925 0.05% 1.7%
1924 -0.14% 1.19%
1923 - -3.21%
1922 - -11%
1921 - -7.77%
1920 - -5.89%
1919 - -11.2%
1918 - -22.7%
1917 - -27.6%
1916 - -28.2%
1915 - -25.8%
1914 - -12.4%
1913 - -0.86%
1912 - -1.86%
1911 - -0.63%
1910 - -0.32%
1909 - -0.69%
1908 - -1.31%
1907 - -0.51%
1906 - -0.69%
1905 - -1.57%
1904 - 0.58%
1903 - 0.32%
1902 - 0.48%
1901 - 0.36%
1900 - 0.28%
1899 - -0.11%
1898 - -0.21%
1897 - 0.009%
1896 - -0.43%
1895 - -0.69%
1894 - -0.23%
1893 - -0.49%
1892 - -0.25%
1891 - -1.41%
1890 - -0.32%
1889 - -1.32%
1888 - -2.11%
1887 - -1.94%
1886 - -0.5%
1885 - 0.2%
1884 - -1.46%
1883 - -0.51%
1882 - -0.5%
1881 - -0.04%
1880 - 0.38%
1879 - 0.73%
1878 - 0.09%
1877 - -0.009%
1876 - -0.05%
1875 - 0.58%
1874 - -0.08%
1873 - 0.21%
1872 - 0%
1871 - -0.13%
1870 - -0.82%
1869 - 0.33%
1868 - -0.79%
1867 - -1.45%
1866 - -3.1%
1865 - -2.72%
1864 - -3.06%
1863 - -4.16%
1862 - -3.96%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1862–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/italy | CC BY

In 2024, Haiti's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.76B, equivalent to 6.96% of GDP. This compares to Italy's deficit of $82B, or 3.45% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Haiti recorded a fiscal deficit in 40 of those years, while Italy ran a deficit in 65 years. On average, Haiti posted an annual deficit equal to 1.42% of GDP, compared to deficit of 5.55% of GDP for Italy.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Haiti

Italy
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Haiti Italy
2024 26.9% 0.98%
2023 36.8% 5.62%
2022 34% 8.2%
2021 16.8% 1.87%
2020 22.8% -0.14%
2019 18.7% 0.61%
2018 12.5% 1.14%
2017 10.7% 1.23%
2016 11.5% -0.09%
2015 6.73% 0.04%
2014 3.44% 0.24%
2013 4.77% 1.22%
2012 5.02% 3.04%
2011 6.33% 2.78%
2010 4.83% 1.53%
2009 0.39% 0.77%
2008 15.3% 3.35%
2007 6.56% 1.83%
2006 11.3% 2.09%
2005 14% 1.99%
2004 21% 2.21%
2003 28.7% 2.67%
2002 7.03% 2.47%
2001 13.3% 2.79%
2000 9.33% 2.54%
1999 3% 1.66%
1998 5.27% 1.96%
1997 20.6% 2.04%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/italy | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Haiti has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 13.5%, compared with 2.02% in Italy. In 2024, inflation was 26.9% in Haiti and 0.98% in Italy.

Top exports between countries

Haiti
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $273K
Machinery & equipment $41K
Precious metals & jewellery $19K
Wood & paper products $18K
Raw agricultural goods $13K
Textiles & consumer goods $11K
Metals $7K
Animal & marine products $3K
Miscellaneous $2K
Italy
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $3.08M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.32M
Animal & marine products $876K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $797K
Raw agricultural goods $758K
Chemicals & pharma $669K
Miscellaneous $431K
Metals $344K
Raw materials & minerals $321K
Precious metals & jewellery $109K

Balance of trade

Haiti Italy
Current account balance
-$145M
2024
$25.8B
2024
Current account balance ranking
92/190
2024
19/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.58%
2024
+1.08%
2024
Goods imports
$4.27B
2024
$562B
2024
Goods exports
$767M
2024
$621B
2024
Service imports
$518M
2024
$160B
2024
Service exports
$96.6M
2024
$155B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
18.8%
2024
30.3%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
3.4%
2024
32.5%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Haiti Italy
Economic freedom 46.1 63.3
Economic freedom ranking 178/197 80/197
Property rights 6.6 84.8
Government integrity 13 60.8
Judicial effectiveness 17.3 80.9
Tax burden 81.7 57.5
Government spending 98.7 15.3
Fiscal health 99.5 17.2
Business freedom 30.7 74.5
Labor freedom 54.7 70.6
Monetary freedom 45.1 79.1
Trade freedom 66.4 79.4
Investment freedom 20 80
Financial freedom 20 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Haiti
Italy
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Haiti Italy
2026 46.1 63.3
2025 46.1 60.9
2024 48.2 60.1
2023 49.9 62.3
2022 50 65.4
2021 50.8 64.9
2020 52.3 63.8
2019 52.7 62.2
2018 55.8 62.5
2017 49.6 62.5
2016 51.3 61.2
2015 51.3 61.7
2014 48.9 60.9
2013 48.1 60.6
2012 50.7 58.8
2011 52.1 60.3
2010 50.8 62.7
2009 50.5 61.4
2008 49 62.6
2007 51.4 62.8
2006 49.2 62
2005 48.4 64.9
2004 51.2 64.2
2003 50.6 64.3
2002 47.9 63.6
2001 47.1 63
2000 45.7 61.9
1999 45.9 61.6
1998 45.7 59.1
1997 45.8 58.1
1996 41 60.8
1995 43 61.2

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/italy | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Haiti is 46.1, ranking 178/197, compared to 63.3 for Italy, ranking 80/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Haiti Italy
Services, % of GDP
48.3%
2024
65%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
33.4%
2024
22.3%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
15.9%
2024
2%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$20.7B
2024
$2.28T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$3,190
2024
$61,620
2024
Total reserves including gold
$2.72B
2024
$291B
2024
Total reserves ranking
121/177
2024
12/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$20M
2024
$19B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$20M
2024
$26.9B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$0
2024
$45.9B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
2.15%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
58.5%
2012
20.1%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
9.94%
2024
22.6%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/italy | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1862–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2017–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.