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Economy of Haiti vs Netherlands compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Haiti has a GDP of $32.1B compared to $1.33T for the Netherlands, ranking 112/197 and 18/197 by economy size, respectively.

Haiti has $3.95B in government debt (12.3% of GDP), compared to $578B (43.3% of GDP) in the Netherlands.

Haiti vs Netherlands GDP by year

Haiti
Netherlands
1x
Year GDP, current $
Haiti Netherlands
2025 $32,077,278,409 $1,332,767,651,100
2024 $24,255,657,481 $1,213,936,238,063
2023 $19,572,288,894 $1,135,475,867,551
2022 $20,113,007,126 $1,046,540,797,549
2021 $20,754,978,152 $1,054,472,123,450
2020 $14,508,222,518 $932,560,861,701
2019 $15,016,090,930 $928,903,005,576
2018 $16,403,864,618 $929,733,599,797
2017 $15,093,357,161 $848,233,537,846
2016 $14,069,277,526 $797,163,949,290
2015 $14,849,629,309 $775,743,675,303
2014 $15,146,883,498 $901,556,501,756
2013 $14,902,488,604 $883,951,539,007
2012 $13,708,925,477 $845,689,017,066
2011 $13,008,746,039 $913,140,741,333
2010 $11,859,312,725 $852,464,982,433
2009 $11,597,002,835 $878,954,223,140
2008 $10,432,962,635 $957,901,566,041
2007 $9,228,637,768 $853,499,460,873
2006 $7,638,739,123 $737,593,995,289
2005 $7,030,149,730 $688,133,699,636
2004 $6,087,360,684 $661,224,886,143
2003 $5,071,947,798 $582,435,617,082
2002 $6,205,847,214 $475,529,972,123
2001 $6,331,970,324 $432,536,219,669
2000 $6,813,566,099 $417,649,282,154
1999 $4,153,725,884 $447,778,514,140
1998 $3,723,903,724 $438,612,530,549
1997 $3,338,949,152 $417,506,211,882
1996 $2,907,517,604 $451,372,549,020
1995 $2,813,313,279 $452,967,334,614
1994 $2,167,569,046 $379,688,232,232
1993 $1,878,253,767 $354,070,495,966
1992 $2,257,129,792 $363,497,050,125
1991 $3,473,562,628 $327,982,316,124
1990 $3,096,289,800 $318,799,003,994
1989 $2,736,243,800 $258,716,904,292
1988 $2,613,926,800 $262,295,966,105
1987 $2,047,200,000 $245,406,949,521
1986 $2,318,000,000 $201,157,708,221
1985 $2,009,400,000 $144,057,523,222
1984 $1,816,200,000 $144,124,462,912
1983 $1,623,600,000 $153,671,294,109
1982 $1,474,200,000 $158,712,765,536
1981 $1,479,400,000 $164,375,775,854
1980 $1,383,800,000 $195,439,301,707
1979 $1,080,600,000 $179,933,827,310
1978 $974,200,000 $156,089,077,205
1977 $947,000,000 $127,203,923,857
1976 $879,000,000 $109,329,386,564
1975 $681,400,000 $100,397,061,694
1974 $565,399,322 $87,371,810,804
1973 $466,798,973 $71,946,639,603
1972 $371,998,958 $54,787,070,173
1971 $362,800,000 $44,644,730,576
1970 $331,200,000 $38,220,884,519
1969 $391,820,400 $34,086,038,090
1968 $367,968,800 $30,097,635,751
1967 $369,124,200 $27,143,828,099
1966 $368,948,600 $24,741,480,717
1965 $353,251,800 $22,721,869,808
1964 $325,281,200 $20,232,048,553
1963 $294,883,400 $17,193,744,109
1962 $281,896,800 $15,847,582,341
1961 $271,066,000 $14,599,836,396
1960 $273,187,200 $13,282,979,015

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/netherlands | CC BY

GDP per capita in Haiti vs Netherlands by year

Haiti
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Netherlands
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Haiti Netherlands
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $2,694 - $73,684 -
2024 $2,060 $3,194 $67,465 $86,174
2023 $1,682 $3,292 $63,516 $81,729
2022 $1,748 $3,275 $59,123 $78,630
2021 $1,825 $3,145 $60,142 $68,574
2020 $1,290 $3,103 $53,468 $62,597
2019 $1,352 $3,237 $53,555 $62,345
2018 $1,496 $3,197 $53,955 $58,819
2017 $1,395 $3,339 $49,514 $56,038
2016 $1,318 $3,253 $46,809 $53,162
2015 $1,411 $3,026 $45,794 $50,957
2014 $1,460 $3,076 $53,457 $49,751
2013 $1,458 $3,042 $52,602 $49,622
2012 $1,361 $2,830 $50,474 $47,653
2011 $1,312 $2,858 $54,702 $47,004
2010 $1,210 $2,695 $51,306 $45,301
2009 $1,197 $2,855 $53,172 $44,959
2008 $1,095 $2,724 $58,247 $46,714
2007 $985 $2,647 $52,101 $44,203
2006 $829 $2,504 $45,124 $41,208
2005 $776 $2,427 $42,165 $37,778
2004 $683 $2,322 $40,611 $35,961
2003 $579 $2,331 $35,897 $34,286
2002 $721 $2,248 $29,447 $34,568
2001 $749 $2,230 $26,956 $33,259
2000 $821 $2,229 $26,225 $31,895
1999 $510 $2,201 $28,319 $29,316
1998 $465 $2,152 $27,924 $27,749
1997 $425 $2,122 $26,745 $26,062
1996 $377 $2,070 $29,064 $24,564
1995 $372 $1,989 $29,301 $23,480
1994 $292.1 $1,807 $24,683 $22,414
1993 $258.1 $2,048 $23,156 $21,443
1992 $316 $2,158 $23,939 $20,831
1991 $497 $2,273 $21,764 $20,177
1990 $452 $2,202 $21,322 $19,203
1989 $407 - $17,423 -
1988 $397 - $17,771 -
1987 $318 - $16,734 -
1986 $367 - $13,804 -
1985 $325 - $9,941 -
1984 $299.2 - $9,992 -
1983 $272.8 - $10,696 -
1982 $252.6 - $11,089 -
1981 $258.5 - $11,537 -
1980 $246.5 - $13,812 -
1979 $196.2 - $12,817 -
1978 $180.3 - $11,196 -
1977 $178.7 - $9,180 -
1976 $169.1 - $7,937 -
1975 $133.6 - $7,346 -
1974 $113 - $6,450 -
1973 $95.1 - $5,353 -
1972 $77.3 - $4,110 -
1971 $76.8 - $3,384 -
1970 $71.5 - $2,931 -
1969 $86.1 - $2,647 -
1968 $82.4 - $2,364 -
1967 $84.2 - $2,155 -
1966 $85.7 - $1,986 -
1965 $83.6 - $1,848 -
1964 $78.5 - $1,668 -
1963 $72.4 - $1,437 -
1962 $70.4 - $1,342 -
1961 $69 - $1,254 -
1960 $70.8 - $1,156 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/netherlands | CC BY

Haiti's GDP per capita is $2,694, ranking 150/197, compared to $73,684 in the Netherlands, ranking 12/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Haiti ranks 177th at $3,194, while the Netherlands ranks 11th at $86,174.

Economic indicators

Haiti Netherlands
Gross domestic product
$32.1B
2025
$1.33T
2025
GDP rank
112/197
2025
18/197
2025
GDP growth
-2.71%
2024-2025
1.78%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$2,694
2025
$73,684
2025
GDP per capita rank
150/197
2025
12/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$3,194
2024
$86,174
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
177/197
2024
11/197
2024
Government debt
$3.95B
2025
$578B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
12.3%
2025
43.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$332
2025
$31,942
2025
Government debt per person rank
177/185
2025
23/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,152
2026
$46,674
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$1.1T
2017
Number of millionaires n/a
1,294,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
13
2026
Income share by richest 10%
31.2%
2012
21.4%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
2.1%
2012
3.6%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
6.19%
2025
45.1%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
28.6%
2024-2025
3.26%
2024-2025
Unemployment rate
14.1%
2012
3.9%
2025
Population
12106577
18243998

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Haiti
Spending

Debt
Netherlands
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Haiti Netherlands
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 6.19% 12.3% 45.1% 43.3%
2024 5.25% 15.5% 44.4% 43.7%
2023 6.46% 27.8% 44% 45.8%
2022 8.33% 29.2% 43.3% 48.4%
2021 9.42% 28.4% 45.9% 50.5%
2020 9.86% 22.3% 47.8% 53.4%
2019 9.59% 26.5% 42.1% 47.7%
2018 11.3% 24.1% 42.4% 51.6%
2017 10.2% 22.5% 42.8% 56%
2016 10.5% 24.4% 43.9% 60.9%
2015 12.7% 23.9% 45.3% 63.8%
2014 14.6% 21.4% 46.7% 67.2%
2013 15.9% 25.1% 47.5% 67.2%
2012 16.4% 24.1% 47.6% 65.7%
2011 14.1% 22.3% 47.8% 61.2%
2010 12.6% 24.9% 48.9% 58.9%
2009 11.6% 19.4% 48.4% 56.3%
2008 11.2% 33.9% 44.3% 54.4%
2007 11.1% 24.4% 43.3% 42.7%
2006 9.67% 32.2% 44% 45%
2005 8.75% 29.7% 43.4% 49.6%
2004 7.38% 30.4% 44.7% 50.1%
2003 7.83% 37.8% 45.8% 49.8%
2002 6.64% 32% 44.8% 48.7%
2001 6.11% 28.8% 44.1% 49.4%
2000 6.25% 32.5% 43.2% 52.2%
1999 6.91% 24.1% 44.3% 58.6%
1998 5.4% 24% 44.6% 62.7%
1997 5.46% 26.2% 45.7% 65.7%
1996 - 26.2% 47.3% 71.2%
1995 - 26.2% 53.9% 73%
1994 - 35.3% 49.4% 73.5%
1993 - 98% 50.9% 76.7%
1992 - 118.9% 50.2% 75.6%
1991 - 80.7% 49.6% 74.8%
1990 - 85.1% 48.8% 75%
1989 - 98.7% 54.5% 73.7%
1988 - 90.9% 56.4% 73.7%
1987 32.4% 58.6% 58.5% 71.3%
1986 15.1% 26.5% 57% 68.9%
1985 17.4% 25.6% 57.3% 67.1%
1984 16.9% 27.3% 58.1% 61.9%
1983 21.9% 28.9% 59.1% 58.4%
1982 20.7% 25.5% 59.1% 52.4%
1981 17.4% 23.7% 56.8% 46.9%
1980 17.2% 20.3% 55.2% 43.6%
1979 13.1% 19.8% 53.7% 39.5%
1978 18.9% 20.1% 52.3% 38.1%
1977 16.7% 18.5% 50.6% 34.9%
1976 13.4% 14.9% 50.8% 35.2%
1975 12.8% 14.2% 50.8% 36.1%
1974 9.24% 13.3% 46.4% 36.3%
1973 9.4% 8.92% 44.6% 38.1%
1972 11.2% 11.1% 44.9% 41.3%
1971 11.2% 11% 44.6% 43.7%
1970 11.4% 12.5% 43.2% 46.1%
1969 10.1% - 42.1% 48.2%
1968 10.3% - 25.4% 54.4%
1967 7.52% - 24.1% 55%
1966 7.2% - 24.4% 55.6%
1965 7.91% - 23.4% 55.8%
1964 - - 22.3% 57.1%
1963 8.95% - 21.9% 61.7%
1962 - - 22.1% 63.8%
1961 - - 22.2% 65.9%
1960 7.34% 21.6% 20.4% 66.7%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/netherlands | CC BY

In 2025, Haiti's government spending was $1.99B, accounting for 6.19% of its GDP, while the Netherlands spent $602B, or 45.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 12.3% in Haiti and 43.3% in the Netherlands, ranking 179/185 and 121/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Haiti

Netherlands
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Haiti Netherlands
2025 -0.22% -1.84%
2024 6.96% -0.94%
2023 0.77% -0.37%
2022 -1.75% 0.002%
2021 -2.45% -2.26%
2020 -1.96% -3.72%
2019 -1.99% 1.91%
2018 -1.13% 1.49%
2017 -0.32% 1.35%
2016 0.12% 0.23%
2015 -1.47% -1.84%
2014 -3.64% -2.17%
2013 -3.98% -2.87%
2012 -2.71% -3.83%
2011 -1.43% -4.42%
2010 -1.5% -5.3%
2009 -2% -5.06%
2008 -1.8% -0.06%
2007 -1.55% -0.16%
2006 -0.91% 0.04%
2005 -0.83% -0.51%
2004 -1.34% -1.82%
2003 -2.24% -3.19%
2002 -1.8% -2.23%
2001 -1.55% -0.47%
2000 -1.36% 1.14%
1999 -1.54% 0.28%
1998 0.21% -1.34%
1997 0.37% -1.6%
1996 - -1.91%
1995 - -8.72%
1994 - -3.53%
1993 - -3.13%
1992 - -3.12%
1991 - -2.05%
1990 - -4.08%
1989 - -5%
1988 - -4.23%
1987 -4.94% -5.39%
1986 -1.4% -4.62%
1985 -0.97% -3.6%
1984 -3.52% -5.25%
1983 -5.72% -5.47%
1982 -3.93% -6.17%
1981 -4.38% -4.92%
1980 -5.68% -3.95%
1979 -2.21% -2.46%
1978 -3.24% -2.09%
1977 -2.85% -0.75%
1976 -1.16% -2.02%
1975 -1.73% -2.82%
1974 0.23% -0.26%
1973 0.03% 0.54%
1972 0.24% -0.7%
1971 -0.08% -1.58%
1970 -0.19% -1.52%
1969 -0.39% -1.14%
1968 -0.46% -3.06%
1967 0% -1.97%
1966 0% -2.37%
1965 0% -1.15%
1964 - -1.2%
1963 0% -0.54%
1962 - -1.38%
1961 - -0.38%
1960 0.006% 0.9%
1959 -1.11% -0.74%
1958 -2.21% -0.89%
1957 0.28% 0.3%
1956 -2.18% -0.83%
1955 -0.86% -0.25%
1954 -0.81% 0.76%
1953 -1.01% -2.95%
1952 - 2.19%
1951 - 2.13%
1950 - 0.81%
1949 -0.12% 2.3%
1948 0.21% -
1947 1.06% -
1946 0.51% -
1945 0.47% -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 -0.21% -
1940 0.13% -
1939 -0.16% -3.19%
1938 0.15% -0.37%
1937 -0.08% 0.02%
1936 -0.06% -0.41%
1935 -0.2% -0.69%
1934 -1.23% -0.92%
1933 0% -2.55%
1932 0.4% -1.97%
1931 -0.49% -1.66%
1930 -0.52% -0.55%
1929 -0.32% -1.16%
1928 -0.25% -0.62%
1927 0.73% -0.33%
1926 -0.45% -0.78%
1925 0.05% -2.04%
1924 -0.14% -3.37%
1923 - -2.62%
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -0.45%
1912 - -0.47%
1911 - -0.13%
1910 - -0.93%
1909 - -0.34%
1908 - -0.57%
1907 - 0.03%
1906 - 0.16%
1905 - 0.1%
1904 - -0.72%
1903 - 0.09%
1902 - -0.14%
1901 - 0.03%
1900 - 0.06%
1899 - -0.13%
1898 - -0.48%
1897 - -0.45%
1896 - 0.08%
1895 - -0.06%
1894 - 0.12%
1893 - -0.76%
1892 - -1.72%
1891 - -0.06%
1890 - -0.06%
1889 - 0.04%
1888 - -0.31%
1887 - -0.37%
1886 - -0.08%
1885 - -0.55%
1884 - 0%
1883 - -2.1%
1882 - -1.11%
1881 - -1.06%
1880 - 0.21%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/netherlands | CC BY

In 2025, Haiti's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $71.5M, equivalent to 0.22% of GDP. This compares to the Netherlands' deficit of $24.5B, or 1.84% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Haiti recorded a fiscal deficit in 41 of those years, while the Netherlands ran a deficit in 56 years. On average, Haiti posted an annual deficit equal to 1.4% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.13% of GDP for the Netherlands.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Haiti

Netherlands
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Haiti Netherlands
2025 28.6% 3.26%
2024 26.9% 3.35%
2023 36.8% 3.84%
2022 34% 10%
2021 16.8% 2.68%
2020 22.8% 1.27%
2019 18.7% 2.63%
2018 12.5% 1.7%
2017 10.7% 1.38%
2016 11.5% 0.32%
2015 6.73% 0.6%
2014 3.44% 0.98%
2013 4.77% 2.51%
2012 5.02% 2.46%
2011 6.33% 2.34%
2010 4.83% 1.28%
2009 0.39% 1.19%
2008 15.3% 2.49%
2007 6.56% 1.61%
2006 11.3% 1.1%
2005 14% 1.69%
2004 21% 1.26%
2003 28.7% 2.09%
2002 7.03% 3.29%
2001 13.3% 4.16%
2000 9.33% 2.36%
1999 3% 2.16%
1998 5.27% 1.96%
1997 20.6% 2.11%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/netherlands | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Haiti has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 14%, compared with 2.35% in the Netherlands. In 2025, inflation was 28.6% in Haiti and 3.26% in the Netherlands.

Top exports between countries

Haiti
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $508K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $218K
Textiles & consumer goods $91K
Machinery & equipment $79K
Animal & marine products $11K
Wood & paper products $7K
Netherlands
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $24.7M
Animal & marine products $12.2M
Machinery & equipment $2.37M
Raw agricultural goods $1.99M
Chemicals & pharma $1.56M
Raw materials & minerals $448K
Metals $268K
Textiles & consumer goods $76K
Wood & paper products $27K
Miscellaneous $18K

Balance of trade

Haiti Netherlands
Current account balance
-$145M
2024
$111B
2024
Current account balance ranking
85/190
2024
6/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.6%
2024
+9.14%
2024
Goods imports
$4.27B
2024
$606B
2024
Goods exports
$767M
2024
$693B
2024
Service imports
$518M
2024
$262B
2024
Service exports
$96.6M
2024
$308B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
14.3%
2025
69.5%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
1.56%
2025
80.7%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Haiti Netherlands
Economic freedom 46.1 78.5
Economic freedom ranking 178/197 11/197
Property rights 6.6 96
Government integrity 13 86.8
Judicial effectiveness 17.3 96.1
Tax burden 81.7 54
Government spending 98.7 42.2
Fiscal health 99.5 95.9
Business freedom 30.7 85
Labor freedom 54.7 59.3
Monetary freedom 45.1 77
Trade freedom 66.4 79.4
Investment freedom 20 90
Financial freedom 20 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Haiti
Netherlands
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Haiti Netherlands
2026 46.1 78.5
2025 46.1 78.2
2024 48.2 77.3
2023 49.9 78
2022 50 79.5
2021 50.8 76.8
2020 52.3 77
2019 52.7 76.8
2018 55.8 76.2
2017 49.6 75.8
2016 51.3 74.6
2015 51.3 73.7
2014 48.9 74.2
2013 48.1 73.5
2012 50.7 73.3
2011 52.1 74.7
2010 50.8 75
2009 50.5 77
2008 49 77.4
2007 51.4 75.5
2006 49.2 75.4
2005 48.4 72.9
2004 51.2 74.5
2003 50.6 74.6
2002 47.9 75.1
2001 47.1 73
2000 45.7 70.4
1999 45.9 70.2
1998 45.7 69.2
1997 45.8 70.4
1996 41 69.7
1995 43 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/haiti/netherlands | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Haiti is 46.1, ranking 178/197, compared to 78.5 for the Netherlands, ranking 11/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Haiti Netherlands
Services, % of GDP
54.2%
2025
70.4%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
27.5%
2025
17.7%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
15.8%
2025
1.68%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$23.9B
2025
$1.24T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$3,130
2025
$85,480
2025
Total reserves including gold
$3.39B
2025
$118B
2025
Total reserves ranking
118/177
2025
27/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$20M
2024
$11.1B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$20M
2024
-$17.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$0
2024
-$5.93B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
2.24%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
58.5%
2012
14.5%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
12.1%
2025
19.8%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2017–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.