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Economy of Finland vs Morocco compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Finland has a GDP of $317B compared to $182B for Morocco, ranking 48/197 and 58/197 by economy size, respectively.

Finland has $283B in government debt (89.3% of GDP), compared to $122B (67.1% of GDP) in Morocco.

Finland vs Morocco GDP by year

Finland
Morocco
1x
Year GDP, current $
Finland Morocco
2025 $317,039,368,820 $182,374,250,612
2024 $298,729,432,712 $160,610,994,055
2023 $295,191,741,637 $146,036,093,667
2022 $280,253,099,309 $131,245,312,804
2021 $294,223,210,496 $142,022,058,447
2020 $270,000,311,606 $121,353,645,057
2019 $267,014,821,129 $128,920,266,409
2018 $273,869,255,596 $127,341,147,582
2017 $253,846,138,440 $118,540,573,368
2016 $238,777,818,793 $111,572,947,005
2015 $233,210,733,506 $110,413,823,842
2014 $273,478,528,955 $119,130,841,412
2013 $270,268,036,626 $115,739,287,305
2012 $257,443,384,493 $106,937,392,311
2011 $275,126,915,516 $110,080,631,332
2010 $249,429,613,683 $100,865,329,473
2009 $253,480,783,439 $101,154,952,241
2008 $285,698,662,071 $101,822,906,949
2007 $256,360,251,538 $86,947,913,287
2006 $217,044,068,234 $75,883,823,301
2005 $204,859,368,791 $68,852,658,069
2004 $197,458,297,640 $66,114,145,451
2003 $171,612,867,736 $58,029,363,354
2002 $140,360,963,812 $47,077,192,188
2001 $129,519,672,869 $43,831,480,208
2000 $125,967,821,111 $43,017,455,402
1999 $135,234,241,918 $46,266,428,648
1998 $133,990,876,725 $46,497,608,725
1997 $126,862,902,302 $39,147,844,526
1996 $131,991,975,149 $43,161,571,528
1995 $134,060,457,516 $39,030,285,468
1994 $103,182,697,780 $35,604,137,423
1993 $89,112,105,756 $31,655,473,664
1992 $112,537,828,511 $33,711,069,431
1991 $127,794,441,994 $32,285,573,574
1990 $141,446,120,355 $30,179,954,775
1989 $118,991,270,611 $26,314,313,191
1988 $109,039,090,263 $25,705,296,184
1987 $91,564,993,913 $21,765,195,948
1986 $73,511,611,541 $19,462,085,540
1985 $55,856,676,899 $14,991,283,216
1984 $52,870,993,273 $14,824,667,954
1983 $50,956,447,481 $16,251,408,128
1982 $52,784,013,815 $17,692,276,734
1981 $52,440,066,134 $17,788,185,479
1980 $53,649,984,061 $21,728,516,153
1979 $44,469,218,440 $15,911,994,817
1978 $36,259,392,058 $13,236,946,234
1977 $33,502,784,418 $11,049,783,872
1976 $31,852,352,670 $9,584,297,284
1975 $29,475,251,333 $8,984,853,005
1974 $24,851,036,710 $7,675,466,449
1973 $19,474,098,335 $6,242,145,880
1972 $14,744,499,570 $5,074,117,545
1971 $12,528,522,307 $4,356,669,034
1970 $11,358,529,162 $3,956,336,244
1969 $10,177,524,839 $3,651,622,669
1968 $8,916,565,041 $3,271,422,333
1967 $9,468,272,357 $3,046,345,314
1966 $9,306,142,172 $2,876,401,297
1965 $8,680,393,839 $2,948,331,090
1964 $7,848,987,793 $2,798,345,299
1963 $6,958,916,548 $2,657,252,578
1962 $6,407,796,043 $2,379,611,125
1961 $5,984,433,774 $2,025,693,540
1960 $5,279,481,824 $2,037,154,742

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/morocco | CC BY

GDP per capita in Finland vs Morocco by year

Finland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Morocco
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Finland Morocco
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $56,149 - $4,746 -
2024 $53,156 $65,378 $4,218 $10,415
2023 $52,865 $63,415 $3,872 $9,895
2022 $50,441 $62,133 $3,516 $9,310
2021 $53,099 $56,790 $3,843 $8,623
2020 $48,829 $53,297 $3,317 $7,705
2019 $48,358 $52,276 $3,560 $8,046
2018 $49,654 $49,249 $3,553 $7,801
2017 $46,085 $47,235 $3,344 $8,115
2016 $43,451 $44,562 $3,186 $7,853
2015 $42,560 $42,258 $3,190 $7,799
2014 $50,074 $41,547 $3,483 $7,237
2013 $49,691 $41,326 $3,425 $7,542
2012 $47,552 $40,739 $3,206 $7,308
2011 $51,060 $40,846 $3,345 $7,274
2010 $46,506 $38,946 $3,107 $6,849
2009 $47,478 $37,988 $3,158 $6,629
2008 $53,769 $40,081 $3,222 $6,437
2007 $48,473 $37,843 $2,788 $6,058
2006 $41,214 $34,440 $2,466 $5,781
2005 $39,050 $32,048 $2,268 $5,275
2004 $37,768 $31,195 $2,207 $5,025
2003 $32,920 $29,043 $1,962 $4,741
2002 $26,989 $28,596 $1,612 $4,436
2001 $24,965 $27,798 $1,521 $4,269
2000 $24,336 $26,783 $1,513 $3,930
1999 $26,180 $24,762 $1,651 $3,801
1998 $26,000 $23,570 $1,683 $3,740
1997 $24,682 $21,787 $1,439 $3,502
1996 $25,757 $20,067 $1,610 $3,551
1995 $26,246 $19,568 $1,478 $3,152
1994 $20,278 $18,458 $1,369 $3,315
1993 $17,589 $17,458 $1,236 $2,979
1992 $22,320 $17,271 $1,337 $2,979
1991 $25,489 $17,563 $1,302 $3,025
1990 $28,366 $18,149 $1,238 $2,777
1989 $23,969 - $1,099 -
1988 $22,044 - $1,094 -
1987 $18,565 - $944 -
1986 $14,947 - $861 -
1985 $11,394 - $678 -
1984 $10,830 - $687 -
1983 $10,494 - $772 -
1982 $10,935 - $862 -
1981 $10,925 - $890 -
1980 $11,225 - $1,117 -
1979 $9,333 - $839 -
1978 $7,629 - $716 -
1977 $7,070 - $613 -
1976 $6,740 - $545 -
1975 $6,256 - $524 -
1974 $5,298 - $459 -
1973 $4,174 - $382 -
1972 $3,178 - $319 -
1971 $2,716 - $280.6 -
1970 $2,466 - $261.5 -
1969 $2,201 - $247.8 -
1968 $1,927 - $228 -
1967 $2,056 - $218.1 -
1966 $2,032 - $211.5 -
1965 $1,902 - $222.7 -
1964 $1,726 - $216.9 -
1963 $1,538 - $211.3 -
1962 $1,427 - $194.2 -
1961 $1,341 - $169.8 -
1960 $1,192 - $175.2 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/morocco | CC BY

Finland's GDP per capita is $56,149, ranking 22/197, compared to $4,746 in Morocco, ranking 126/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Finland ranks 27th at $65,378, while Morocco ranks 132nd at $10,415.

Economic indicators

Finland Morocco
Gross domestic product
$317B
2025
$182B
2025
GDP rank
48/197
2025
58/197
2025
GDP growth
0.17%
2024-2025
4.6%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$56,149
2025
$4,746
2025
GDP per capita rank
22/197
2025
126/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$65,378
2024
$10,415
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
27/197
2024
132/197
2024
Government debt
$283B
2025
$122B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
89.3%
2025
67.1%
2025
Government debt per person
$50,138
2025
$3,183
2025
Government debt per person rank
11/185
2025
102/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$36,402
2026
$4,045
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$20.3B
2004
$114B
2025
Number of billionaires
7
2026
3
2026
Income share by richest 10%
22.5%
2023
31.9%
2013
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2023
2.7%
2013
Government expenditure, % of GDP
57.6%
2025
31.3%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.34%
2024-2025
0.7%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
9.7%
2025
11.8%
2022
Population
5647947
38938817

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Finland
Spending

Debt
Morocco
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Finland Morocco
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 57.6% 89.3% 31.3% 67.1%
2024 57.8% 82.4% 30.9% 67.7%
2023 56% 77% 30.2% 68.7%
2022 52.6% 74% 31.8% 71.4%
2021 55.2% 73.1% 30.1% 69.4%
2020 56.5% 75.3% 34.1% 72.2%
2019 52.6% 65.3% 27% 60.3%
2018 52.7% 65.3% 27.8% 60.5%
2017 52.8% 66.6% 27.9% 60.3%
2016 55.1% 68.6% 28.6% 60.1%
2015 55.7% 68.8% 28.5% 58.4%
2014 57.6% 64.8% 30.7% 58.6%
2013 57.1% 60.8% 30.4% 57.1%
2012 55.7% 57.9% 32.5% 52.3%
2011 53.8% 52% 31.2% 48.6%
2010 54% 50.1% 28.7% 45.3%
2009 54.1% 41.5% 28.1% 42.6%
2008 47.9% 32.6% 28.3% 42%
2007 46.7% 33.9% 26.4% 47.1%
2006 48.3% 38% 26% 50.6%
2005 49.2% 39.9% 28.6% 54.8%
2004 48.2% 42.6% 24.5% 54.4%
2003 48.3% 42.7% 24.1% 56.9%
2002 47.5% 40.1% 25.8% 59.4%
2001 46.2% 40.9% 23.7% 60.4%
2000 46.9% 42.4% 22.8% 64.9%
1999 49.9% 44% 18.4% 63.4%
1998 51.3% 46.8% 18.7% 64.5%
1997 54.9% 52.2% 18.6% 68%
1996 58.5% 55.4% 17.6% 65.3%
1995 60% 55.2% 21.3% 72.2%
1994 62.2% 56.2% 21.7% 69.3%
1993 63.7% 54.2% 23.1% 74.7%
1992 60.8% 39.3% 22.3% 67%
1991 55.8% 21.9% 20.8% 59.1%
1990 47.1% 13.9% 22.6% 70.5%
1989 44.4% 14.3% - -
1988 46.4% 16.5% - -
1987 47.8% 17.6% - -
1986 46.9% 16.4% - -
1985 46.3% 15.8% - -
1984 44.4% 15.2% - -
1983 44.4% 15.4% - -
1982 42.7% 13.9% - -
1981 41% 11.5% - -
1980 40.1% 10.9% - -
1979 40.3% 11% - -
1978 41.3% 10.7% - -
1977 41.7% 8.22% - -
1976 39.8% 7.09% - -
1975 38.6% 6.76% - -
1974 22.9% 2.97% - -
1973 21.8% 4.42% - -
1972 20.4% 6.46% - -
1971 22.8% 7.94% - -
1970 21.9% 9.19% - -
1969 22.2% 10.8% - -
1968 25.5% 13.9% - -
1967 23.5% 14.2% - -
1966 23.3% 13.7% - -
1965 23.2% 13% - -
1964 22.8% 12.5% - -
1963 21.6% 12.2% - -
1962 23.9% 10.3% - -
1961 22.7% 9.12% - -
1960 22.5% 9.96% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/morocco | CC BY

In 2025, Finland's government spending was $183B, accounting for 57.6% of its GDP, while Morocco spent $57B, or 31.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 89.3% in Finland and 67.1% in Morocco, ranking 31/185 and 64/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Finland

Morocco
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Finland Morocco
2025 -3.88% -3.54%
2024 -4.4% -3.92%
2023 -2.89% -4.41%
2022 -0.18% -5.37%
2021 -2.69% -5.92%
2020 -5.53% -7.15%
2019 -0.93% -3.8%
2018 -0.87% -3.52%
2017 -0.63% -3.3%
2016 -1.7% -4.49%
2015 -2.43% -4.59%
2014 -2.99% -4.78%
2013 -2.52% -4.7%
2012 -2.15% -6.63%
2011 -1.01% -6.08%
2010 -2.57% -3.93%
2009 -2.48% -1.63%
2008 4.18% 0.63%
2007 5.12% -0.12%
2006 3.93% -1.8%
2005 2.59% -5.46%
2004 2.16% -3.31%
2003 2.34% -3.74%
2002 3.97% -4.37%
2001 4.89% -3.79%
2000 6.73% -1.97%
1999 1.6% 3.21%
1998 1.54% 1.47%
1997 -1.33% 1.5%
1996 -3.37% 0.87%
1995 -5.98% -2.54%
1994 -6.41% -2.51%
1993 -8.09% -2%
1992 -4.88% -1.84%
1991 0.3% -0.9%
1990 6.63% -1.32%
1989 6.73% -
1988 5.09% -
1987 1.63% -
1986 3.83% -
1985 3.33% -
1984 3.23% -
1983 1.52% -
1982 3.06% -
1981 5.11% -
1980 3.7% -
1979 3.41% -
1978 3.83% -
1977 6.27% -
1976 7.65% -
1975 4.96% -
1974 -0.03% -
1973 1.48% -
1972 -0.18% -
1971 0.15% -
1970 1.06% -
1969 0.94% -
1968 -1.69% -
1967 -0.26% -
1966 -1.08% -
1965 -1.67% -
1964 -1.35% -
1963 -2.5% -
1962 -2.37% -
1961 -3.03% -
1960 -0.52% -
1959 -0.12% -
1958 -1.73% -
1957 0.08% -
1956 -1.14% -
1955 -1% -
1954 -0.17% -
1953 0.02% -
1952 -1.24% -
1951 1.1% -
1950 -0.26% -
1949 -2.77% -
1948 1.88% -
1947 -5.99% -
1946 -15.3% -
1945 -6.35% -
1944 -21.5% -
1943 -14.2% -
1942 -16.4% -
1941 -35.8% -
1940 -36.9% -
1939 -9.76% -
1938 -1.48% -
1937 -4.44% -
1936 -3.75% -
1935 -3.81% -
1934 -2.81% -
1933 -1.63% -
1932 -2.61% -
1931 -2.32% -
1930 -1.94% -
1929 -0.78% -
1928 -2.07% -
1927 -0.32% -
1926 -2.9% -
1925 -2.92% -
1924 0.04% -
1923 -2.3% -
1922 0.62% -
1921 -2.59% -
1920 -2.6% -
1919 -7.49% -
1918 -11.4% -
1917 -1.27% -
1916 1.48% -
1915 -0.29% -
1914 -1.15% -
1913 -0.25% -
1912 0.33% -
1911 -0.14% -
1910 -0.3% -
1909 -2.64% -
1908 -1.92% -
1907 0.24% -
1906 0.86% -
1905 -1.28% -
1904 -1.63% -
1903 -0.3% -
1902 -1.74% -
1901 -2.13% -
1900 -0.52% -
1899 -1% -
1898 -4.55% -
1897 -0.37% -
1896 -0.56% -
1895 -1.21% -
1894 -0.62% -
1893 0% -
1892 0.82% -
1891 0.16% -
1890 0.17% -
1889 0.18% -
1888 -0.59% -
1887 -1.46% -
1886 0% -
1885 -1.2% -
1884 -0.2% -
1883 0% -
1882 0.2% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1882–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/morocco | CC BY

In 2025, Finland's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $12.3B, equivalent to 3.88% of GDP. This compares to Morocco's deficit of $6.46B, or 3.54% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, Finland recorded a fiscal deficit in 23 of those years, while Morocco ran a deficit in 31 years. On average, Finland posted an annual deficit equal to 0.67% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.94% of GDP for Morocco.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Finland

Morocco
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Finland Morocco
2025 0.34% 0.7%
2024 1.57% 0.99%
2023 6.25% 6.09%
2022 7.12% 6.66%
2021 2.19% 1.4%
2020 0.29% 0.71%
2019 1.02% 0.3%
2018 1.08% 1.8%
2017 0.75% 0.75%
2016 0.36% 1.64%
2015 -0.21% 1.56%
2014 1.04% 0.44%
2013 1.48% 1.88%
2012 2.81% 1.29%
2011 3.42% 0.91%
2010 1.18% 0.99%
2009 -0% 0.97%
2008 4.07% 3.71%
2007 2.51% 2.04%
2006 1.57% 3.28%
2005 0.62% 0.98%
2004 0.19% 1.49%
2003 0.88% 1.17%
2002 1.57% 2.8%
2001 2.58% 0.62%
2000 3.04% 1.89%
1999 1.16% 0.68%
1998 1.4% 2.75%
1997 1.19% 1.04%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/morocco | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Finland has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.78%, compared with 1.78% in Morocco. In 2025, inflation was 0.34% in Finland and 0.7% in Morocco.

Top exports between countries

Finland
Export category Export value
Wood & paper products $88.4M
Raw materials & minerals $35.4M
IT & IP services $21.2M
Machinery & equipment $20.7M
Raw agricultural goods $13.5M
Chemicals & pharma $11.4M
Metals $10.2M
Business & finance services $6.49M
Manufacturing & construction services $5.3M
Transport & tourism services $2.19M
Morocco
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $49.8M
Machinery & equipment $3.6M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.05M
Raw agricultural goods $1.96M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $276K
Chemicals & pharma $3K
Wood & paper products $2K
Metals $1K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K

Balance of trade

Finland Morocco
Current account balance
$4.23B
2025
-$4.56B
2025
Current account balance ranking
33/190
2025
163/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.34%
2025
-2.5%
2025
Goods imports
$81.3B
2025
$77.2B
2025
Goods exports
$90.7B
2025
$43.7B
2025
Service imports
$48.9B
2025
$16.7B
2025
Service exports
$43.6B
2025
$33.6B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
41.1%
2025
51.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
42.3%
2025
42%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Finland Morocco
Economic freedom 76.6 61.8
Economic freedom ranking 15/197 91/197
Property rights 99.9 55.2
Government integrity 95.4 35.6
Judicial effectiveness 96.4 32.5
Tax burden 68.4 65.5
Government spending 7.9 67.5
Fiscal health 76.3 57.5
Business freedom 85.3 72.1
Labor freedom 65.4 46.2
Monetary freedom 80.3 79.6
Trade freedom 79.4 69.8
Investment freedom 85 80
Financial freedom 80 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Finland
Morocco
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Finland Morocco
2026 76.6 61.8
2025 77 60.3
2024 76.3 56.8
2023 77.1 58.4
2022 78.3 59.2
2021 76.1 63.3
2020 75.7 63.3
2019 74.9 62.9
2018 74.1 61.9
2017 74 61.5
2016 72.6 61.3
2015 73.4 60.1
2014 73.4 58.3
2013 74 59.6
2012 72.3 60.2
2011 74 59.6
2010 73.8 59.2
2009 74.5 57.7
2008 74.6 55.6
2007 74 56.4
2006 72.9 51.5
2005 71 52.2
2004 73.4 56.7
2003 73.7 57.8
2002 73.6 59
2001 69.7 63.9
2000 64.3 63.2
1999 63.9 63.8
1998 63.5 61.1
1997 65.2 64.7
1996 63.7 64.3
1995 - 62.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/morocco | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Finland is 76.6, ranking 15/197, compared to 61.8 for Morocco, ranking 91/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Finland Morocco
Services, % of GDP
62.1%
2025
52.3%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
22.5%
2025
25.2%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2.61%
2025
10.5%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$312B
2025
$170B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$66,300
2025
$10,960
2025
Total reserves including gold
$22.5B
2025
$48.5B
2025
Total reserves ranking
64/177
2025
50/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$6.97B
2025
-$2.51B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$8.74B
2024
$1.75B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
$679M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
5.63%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.2%
2022
3.9%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.9%
2025
31.9%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/morocco | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1882–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2010–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.