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Economy of Ecuador vs Finland compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Ecuador has a GDP of $125B compared to $299B for Finland, ranking 62/197 and 47/197 by economy size, respectively.

Ecuador has $67B in government debt (53.8% of GDP), compared to $245B (82.1% of GDP) in Finland.

Ecuador vs Finland GDP by year

Ecuador
Finland
1x
Year GDP, current $
Ecuador Finland
2024 $124,676,074,700 $298,696,961,298
2023 $121,147,057,000 $295,021,982,463
2022 $116,133,121,000 $280,253,099,309
2021 $107,179,074,000 $294,223,210,496
2020 $95,865,473,000 $270,000,311,606
2019 $107,595,830,000 $267,014,821,129
2018 $107,478,961,000 $273,869,255,596
2017 $104,467,486,000 $253,846,138,440
2016 $97,671,433,000 $238,777,818,793
2015 $97,209,558,000 $233,210,733,506
2014 $102,717,794,000 $273,478,528,955
2013 $96,570,334,000 $270,268,036,626
2012 $87,735,048,000 $257,443,384,493
2011 $78,986,648,000 $275,126,915,516
2010 $68,151,329,000 $249,429,613,683
2009 $60,094,978,000 $253,480,783,439
2008 $61,139,438,000 $285,698,662,071
2007 $49,848,725,000 $256,360,251,538
2006 $45,690,762,000 $217,044,068,234
2005 $40,278,849,000 $204,859,368,791
2004 $35,194,947,000 $197,458,297,640
2003 $30,965,208,000 $171,612,867,736
2002 $27,054,197,000 $140,360,963,812
2001 $23,127,055,000 $129,519,672,869
2000 $17,539,454,727 $125,967,821,111
1999 $19,645,272,636 $135,234,241,918
1998 $27,981,896,948 $133,990,876,725
1997 $28,162,053,027 $126,862,902,302
1996 $25,226,393,197 $131,991,975,149
1995 $24,432,884,442 $134,060,457,516
1994 $22,708,673,337 $103,182,697,780
1993 $18,938,717,359 $89,112,105,756
1992 $18,094,238,119 $112,537,828,511
1991 $16,988,535,268 $127,794,441,994
1990 $15,239,272,612 $141,446,120,355
1989 $13,890,823,705 $118,991,270,611
1988 $13,051,881,851 $109,039,090,263
1987 $13,945,426,859 $91,564,993,913
1986 $15,314,138,472 $73,511,611,541
1985 $17,149,088,413 $55,856,676,899
1984 $16,912,509,092 $52,870,993,273
1983 $17,152,477,037 $50,956,447,481
1982 $19,929,846,396 $52,784,013,815
1981 $21,810,759,354 $52,440,066,134
1980 $17,881,508,242 $53,649,984,061
1979 $14,175,160,902 $44,469,218,440
1978 $11,922,497,876 $36,259,392,058
1977 $11,026,342,618 $33,502,784,418
1976 $9,091,921,030 $31,852,352,670
1975 $7,731,674,472 $29,475,251,333
1974 $6,599,257,044 $24,851,036,710
1973 $3,891,754,150 $19,474,098,335
1972 $3,185,986,087 $14,744,499,570
1971 $2,754,219,271 $12,528,522,307
1970 $2,862,503,139 $11,358,529,162
1969 $3,112,165,727 $10,177,524,839
1968 $2,582,179,864 $8,916,565,041
1967 $2,553,595,172 $9,468,272,357
1966 $2,429,308,639 $9,306,142,172
1965 $2,387,047,396 $8,680,393,839
1964 $2,244,146,103 $7,848,987,793
1963 $1,824,343,871 $6,958,916,548
1962 $1,518,207,703 $6,407,796,043
1961 $1,753,850,955 $5,984,433,774
1960 $2,069,464,937 $5,279,481,824

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/finland | CC BY

GDP per capita in Ecuador vs Finland by year

Ecuador
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Finland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Ecuador Finland
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $6,875 $15,840 $53,150 $65,378
2023 $6,738 $15,919 $52,834 $63,415
2022 $6,516 $15,198 $50,441 $62,133
2021 $6,061 $13,507 $53,099 $56,790
2020 $5,464 $11,527 $48,829 $53,297
2019 $6,205 $12,543 $48,358 $52,276
2018 $6,304 $12,187 $49,654 $49,249
2017 $6,233 $11,793 $46,085 $47,235
2016 $5,918 $10,881 $43,451 $44,562
2015 $5,976 $10,878 $42,560 $42,258
2014 $6,406 $11,836 $50,074 $41,547
2013 $6,109 $11,296 $49,691 $41,326
2012 $5,634 $10,245 $47,552 $40,739
2011 $5,154 $9,769 $51,060 $40,846
2010 $4,520 $8,969 $46,506 $38,946
2009 $4,053 $8,662 $47,478 $37,988
2008 $4,195 $8,663 $53,769 $40,081
2007 $3,479 $8,112 $48,473 $37,843
2006 $3,244 $7,885 $41,214 $34,440
2005 $2,909 $7,457 $39,050 $32,048
2004 $2,586 $6,980 $37,768 $31,195
2003 $2,316 $6,475 $32,920 $29,043
2002 $2,059 $6,282 $26,989 $28,596
2001 $1,791 $5,999 $24,965 $27,798
2000 $1,382 $5,728 $24,336 $26,783
1999 $1,575 $5,638 $26,180 $24,762
1998 $2,284 $5,940 $26,000 $23,570
1997 $2,341 $5,793 $24,682 $21,787
1996 $2,136 $5,560 $25,757 $20,067
1995 $2,108 $5,469 $26,246 $19,568
1994 $1,997 $5,339 $20,278 $18,458
1993 $1,698 $5,112 $17,589 $17,458
1992 $1,655 $4,998 $22,320 $17,271
1991 $1,587 $4,887 $25,489 $17,563
1990 $1,455 $4,632 $28,366 $18,149
1989 $1,356 - $23,969 -
1988 $1,304 - $22,044 -
1987 $1,426 - $18,565 -
1986 $1,604 - $14,947 -
1985 $1,842 - $11,394 -
1984 $1,864 - $10,830 -
1983 $1,940 - $10,494 -
1982 $2,314 - $10,935 -
1981 $2,601 - $10,925 -
1980 $2,190 - $11,225 -
1979 $1,783 - $9,333 -
1978 $1,541 - $7,629 -
1977 $1,465 - $7,070 -
1976 $1,242 - $6,740 -
1975 $1,086 - $6,256 -
1974 $954 - $5,298 -
1973 $579 - $4,174 -
1972 $488 - $3,178 -
1971 $434 - $2,716 -
1970 $465 - $2,466 -
1969 $521 - $2,201 -
1968 $445 - $1,927 -
1967 $454 - $2,056 -
1966 $445 - $2,032 -
1965 $450 - $1,902 -
1964 $436 - $1,726 -
1963 $365 - $1,538 -
1962 $312 - $1,427 -
1961 $371 - $1,341 -
1960 $451 - $1,192 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/finland | CC BY

Ecuador's GDP per capita is $6,875, ranking 103/197, compared to $53,150 in Finland, ranking 23/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Ecuador ranks 110th at $15,840, while Finland ranks 27th at $65,378.

Economic indicators

Ecuador Finland
Gross domestic product
$125B
2024
$299B
2024
GDP rank
62/197
2024
47/197
2024
GDP growth
-2%
2023-2024
0.42%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$6,875
2024
$53,150
2024
GDP per capita rank
103/197
2024
23/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$15,840
2024
$65,378
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
110/197
2024
27/197
2024
Government debt
$67B
2024
$245B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
53.8%
2024
82.1%
2024
Government debt per person
$3,695
2024
$43,662
2024
Government debt per person rank
93/185
2024
12/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$5,894
2026
$36,394
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$747M
2000
$20.3B
2004
Number of billionaires n/a
7
2025
Income share by richest 10%
33.4%
2024
22.5%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.5%
2024
3.7%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
38.1%
2024
57.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
1.55%
2023-2024
1.57%
2023-2024
Unemployment rate
3.39%
2024
8.34%
2024
Population
18487749
5631965

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Ecuador
Spending

Debt
Finland
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Ecuador Finland
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 38.1% 53.8% 57.7% 82.1%
2023 39.5% 54.3% 55.9% 77.5%
2022 38.9% 57.2% 52.6% 74%
2021 37.5% 61.8% 55.2% 73.2%
2020 40.2% 63.6% 56.5% 75.3%
2019 39.8% 52.1% 52.6% 65.3%
2018 40.9% 49.5% 52.7% 65.3%
2017 40.5% 47.4% 52.8% 66.6%
2016 44.1% 46.1% 55.1% 68.6%
2015 44.1% 36.4% 55.7% 68.8%
2014 45.9% 28.2% 57.6% 64.8%
2013 46.7% 23.4% 57.1% 60.8%
2012 43.2% 19.3% 55.7% 57.9%
2011 39.6% 18.6% 53.8% 52%
2010 35.4% 18.4% 54% 50.1%
2009 34.3% 19.7% 54.1% 41.5%
2008 35.6% 24.9% 47.9% 32.6%
2007 24.7% 29.6% 46.7% 33.9%
2006 21.7% 33.1% 48.3% 38%
2005 22% 35.8% 49.2% 39.9%
2004 21.3% 40.2% 48.2% 42.6%
2003 21.3% 47.2% 48.3% 42.7%
2002 22.8% 55% 47.5% 40.1%
2001 21.4% 63.8% 46.2% 40.9%
2000 24.3% 92.2% 46.9% 42.4%
1999 24.1% 105.2% 49.9% 44%
1998 21.5% 70.3% 51.3% 46.8%
1997 22% 61.5% 54.9% 52.2%
1996 22.7% 69.3% 58.5% 55.4%
1995 22% 70.5% 60% 55.2%
1994 - - 62.2% 56.2%
1993 - - 63.7% 54.2%
1992 - - 60.8% 39.3%
1991 - - 55.8% 21.9%
1990 - - 47.1% 13.9%
1989 - - 44.4% 14.3%
1988 - - 46.4% 16.5%
1987 - - 47.8% 17.6%
1986 - - 46.9% 16.4%
1985 - - 46.3% 15.8%
1984 - - 44.4% 15.2%
1983 - - 44.4% 15.4%
1982 - - 42.7% 13.9%
1981 - - 41% 11.5%
1980 - - 40.1% 10.9%
1979 - - 40.3% 11%
1978 - - 41.3% 10.7%
1977 - - 41.7% 8.22%
1976 - - 39.8% 7.09%
1975 - - 38.6% 6.76%
1974 - - 22.9% 2.97%
1973 - - 21.8% 4.42%
1972 - - 20.4% 6.46%
1971 - - 22.8% 7.94%
1970 - - 21.9% 9.19%
1969 - - 22.2% 10.8%
1968 - - 25.5% 13.9%
1967 - - 23.5% 14.2%
1966 - - 23.3% 13.7%
1965 - - 23.2% 13%
1964 - - 22.8% 12.5%
1963 - - 21.6% 12.2%
1962 - - 23.9% 10.3%
1961 - - 22.7% 9.12%
1960 - - 22.5% 9.96%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/finland | CC BY

In 2024, Ecuador's government spending was $47.5B, accounting for 38.1% of its GDP, while Finland spent $172B, or 57.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 53.8% in Ecuador and 82.1% in Finland, ranking 98/185 and 42/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Ecuador

Finland
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Ecuador Finland
2024 -1.28% -4.41%
2023 -3.48% -2.98%
2022 0.04% -0.18%
2021 -1.59% -2.69%
2020 -7.38% -5.53%
2019 -3.47% -0.93%
2018 -2.8% -0.87%
2017 -5.77% -0.63%
2016 -10.3% -1.7%
2015 -6.87% -2.43%
2014 -8.11% -2.99%
2013 -8.17% -2.52%
2012 -2.83% -2.15%
2011 -0.13% -1.01%
2010 -1.39% -2.57%
2009 -3.71% -2.48%
2008 0.57% 4.18%
2007 2.66% 5.12%
2006 2.92% 3.93%
2005 0.66% 2.59%
2004 1.94% 2.16%
2003 1.05% 2.34%
2002 0.74% 3.97%
2001 0.03% 4.89%
2000 -0.32% 6.73%
1999 -4.82% 1.6%
1998 -5.1% 1.54%
1997 -2.83% -1.33%
1996 -3.44% -3.37%
1995 -2.02% -5.98%
1994 - -6.41%
1993 - -8.09%
1992 - -4.88%
1991 - 0.3%
1990 - 6.63%
1989 - 6.73%
1988 - 5.09%
1987 - 1.63%
1986 - 3.83%
1985 - 3.33%
1984 - 3.23%
1983 - 1.52%
1982 - 3.06%
1981 - 5.11%
1980 - 3.7%
1979 - 3.41%
1978 - 3.83%
1977 - 6.27%
1976 - 7.65%
1975 - 4.96%
1974 - -0.03%
1973 - 1.48%
1972 - -0.18%
1971 - 0.15%
1970 - 1.06%
1969 - 0.94%
1968 - -1.69%
1967 - -0.26%
1966 - -1.08%
1965 - -1.67%
1964 - -1.35%
1963 - -2.5%
1962 - -2.37%
1961 - -3.03%
1960 - -0.52%
1959 - -0.12%
1958 - -1.73%
1957 - 0.08%
1956 - -1.14%
1955 - -1%
1954 - -0.17%
1953 - 0.02%
1952 - -1.24%
1951 - 1.1%
1950 - -0.26%
1949 - -2.77%
1948 - 1.88%
1947 - -5.99%
1946 - -15.3%
1945 - -6.35%
1944 - -21.5%
1943 - -14.2%
1942 - -16.4%
1941 - -35.8%
1940 - -36.9%
1939 - -9.76%
1938 - -1.48%
1937 - -4.44%
1936 - -3.75%
1935 - -3.81%
1934 - -2.81%
1933 - -1.63%
1932 - -2.61%
1931 - -2.32%
1930 - -1.94%
1929 - -0.78%
1928 - -2.07%
1927 - -0.32%
1926 - -2.9%
1925 - -2.92%
1924 - 0.04%
1923 - -2.3%
1922 - 0.62%
1921 - -2.59%
1920 - -2.6%
1919 - -7.49%
1918 - -11.4%
1917 - -1.27%
1916 - 1.48%
1915 - -0.29%
1914 - -1.15%
1913 - -0.25%
1912 - 0.33%
1911 - -0.14%
1910 - -0.3%
1909 - -2.64%
1908 - -1.92%
1907 - 0.24%
1906 - 0.86%
1905 - -1.28%
1904 - -1.63%
1903 - -0.3%
1902 - -1.74%
1901 - -2.13%
1900 - -0.52%
1899 - -1%
1898 - -4.55%
1897 - -0.37%
1896 - -0.56%
1895 - -1.21%
1894 - -0.62%
1893 - 0%
1892 - 0.82%
1891 - 0.16%
1890 - 0.17%
1889 - 0.18%
1888 - -0.59%
1887 - -1.46%
1886 - 0%
1885 - -1.2%
1884 - -0.2%
1883 - 0%
1882 - 0.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1882–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/finland | CC BY

In 2024, Ecuador's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.59B, equivalent to 1.28% of GDP. This compares to Finland's deficit of $13.2B, or 4.41% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Ecuador recorded a fiscal deficit in 21 of those years, while Finland ran a deficit in 19 years. On average, Ecuador posted an annual deficit equal to 2.51% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.26% of GDP for Finland.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Ecuador

Finland
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Ecuador Finland
2024 1.55% 1.57%
2023 2.22% 6.25%
2022 3.47% 7.12%
2021 0.13% 2.19%
2020 -0.34% 0.29%
2019 0.27% 1.02%
2018 -0.22% 1.08%
2017 0.42% 0.75%
2016 1.73% 0.36%
2015 3.97% -0.21%
2014 3.59% 1.04%
2013 2.72% 1.48%
2012 5.1% 2.81%
2011 4.47% 3.42%
2010 3.55% 1.18%
2009 5.16% -0%
2008 8.4% 4.07%
2007 2.28% 2.51%
2006 3.3% 1.57%
2005 2.17% 0.62%
2004 2.74% 0.19%
2003 7.93% 0.88%
2002 12.5% 1.57%
2001 37.7% 2.58%
2000 96.1% 3.04%
1999 52.2% 1.16%
1998 36.1% 1.4%
1997 30.7% 1.19%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/finland | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Ecuador has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 11.8%, compared with 1.83% in Finland. In 2024, inflation was 1.55% in Ecuador and 1.57% in Finland.

Top exports between countries

Ecuador
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $216M
Raw agricultural goods $12.1M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.67M
Animal & marine products $233K
Textiles & consumer goods $11K
Finland
Export category Export value
Wood & paper products $38.5M
Raw materials & minerals $29.4M
Machinery & equipment $15.4M
Chemicals & pharma $2.55M
Metals $380K
Textiles & consumer goods $214K
Raw agricultural goods $147K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $56K
Miscellaneous $15K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K

Balance of trade

Ecuador Finland
Current account balance
$7.06B
2024
-$1.99B
2024
Current account balance ranking
27/190
2024
143/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+5.66%
2024
-0.67%
2024
Goods imports
$27.9B
2024
$76.6B
2024
Goods exports
$34.7B
2024
$83.1B
2024
Service imports
$6.18B
2024
$47.4B
2024
Service exports
$3.86B
2024
$42B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
26.9%
2024
41.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.3%
2024
41.9%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Ecuador Finland
Economic freedom 55.6 76.6
Economic freedom ranking 127/197 15/197
Property rights 33.2 99.9
Government integrity 33 95.4
Judicial effectiveness 48.1 96.4
Tax burden 74.2 68.4
Government spending 54.9 7.9
Fiscal health 90.3 76.3
Business freedom 64.3 85.3
Labor freedom 56.9 65.4
Monetary freedom 76.3 80.3
Trade freedom 66.4 79.4
Investment freedom 30 85
Financial freedom 40 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Ecuador
Finland
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Ecuador Finland
2026 55.6 76.6
2025 55.8 77
2024 55 76.3
2023 55 77.1
2022 54.3 78.3
2021 52.4 76.1
2020 51.3 75.7
2019 46.9 74.9
2018 48.5 74.1
2017 49.3 74
2016 48.6 72.6
2015 49.2 73.4
2014 48 73.4
2013 46.9 74
2012 48.3 72.3
2011 47.1 74
2010 49.3 73.8
2009 52.5 74.5
2008 55.2 74.6
2007 55.3 74
2006 54.6 72.9
2005 52.9 71
2004 54.4 73.4
2003 54.1 73.7
2002 53.1 73.6
2001 55.1 69.7
2000 59.8 64.3
1999 62.9 63.9
1998 62.8 63.5
1997 61 65.2
1996 60.1 63.7
1995 57.7 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/finland | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Ecuador is 55.6, ranking 127/197, compared to 76.6 for Finland, ranking 15/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Ecuador Finland
Services, % of GDP
57.2%
2024
62.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
26.5%
2024
22.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
9.48%
2024
2.47%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$117B
2024
$290B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$15,410
2024
$65,640
2024
Total reserves including gold
$6.91B
2024
$18B
2024
Total reserves ranking
87/177
2024
65/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$438M
2024
$3.28B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$443M
2024
$8.74B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$0
2024
$12B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
7%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
28%
2024
12.2%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
18.5%
2024
22.3%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/finland | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1882–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.