Fertility & birth rates in Panama and United States

Fertility rate in Panama vs United States chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Panama was 2.12 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.62 in the United States in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Panama vs the United States population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Panama	United States
1960	5.83	3.65
1961	5.87	3.62
1962	5.87	3.46
1963	5.87	3.32
1964	5.81	3.19
1965	5.73	2.91
1966	5.65	2.72
1967	5.53	2.56
1968	5.41	2.46
1969	5.29	2.46
1970	5.18	2.48
1971	5.05	2.27
1972	4.91	2.01
1973	4.74	1.88
1974	4.58	1.84
1975	4.41	1.77
1976	4.26	1.74
1977	4.12	1.79
1978	3.98	1.76
1979	3.88	1.81
1980	3.8	1.84
1981	3.72	1.81
1982	3.66	1.83
1983	3.6	1.8
1984	3.52	1.81
1985	3.43	1.84
1986	3.34	1.84
1987	3.25	1.87
1988	3.17	1.93
1989	3.12	2.01
1990	3.07	2.08
1991	3	2.06
1992	2.95	2.05
1993	2.91	2.02
1994	2.88	2
1995	2.85	1.98
1996	2.83	1.98
1997	2.81	1.97
1998	2.79	2
1999	2.77	2.01
2000	2.74	2.06
2001	2.72	2.03
2002	2.7	2.02
2003	2.68	2.05
2004	2.68	2.05
2005	2.64	2.06
2006	2.62	2.11
2007	2.61	2.12
2008	2.61	2.07
2009	2.59	2
2010	2.59	1.93
2011	2.6	1.89
2012	2.59	1.88
2013	2.57	1.86
2014	2.55	1.86
2015	2.53	1.84
2016	2.5	1.82
2017	2.46	1.77
2018	2.4	1.73
2019	2.29	1.71
2020	2.18	1.64
2021	2.15	1.66
2022	2.14	1.66
2023	2.12	1.62
2024	2.11	1.62
2025	2.09	1.62
2026	2.07	1.62
2027	2.06	1.62
2028	2.04	1.62
2029	2.02	1.62
2030	2.01	1.62
2031	2	1.62
2032	1.99	1.62
2033	1.97	1.63
2034	1.96	1.62
2035	1.95	1.63
2036	1.95	1.63
2037	1.94	1.63
2038	1.93	1.63
2039	1.92	1.63
2040	1.91	1.63
2041	1.91	1.63
2042	1.9	1.63
2043	1.89	1.63
2044	1.89	1.63
2045	1.88	1.64
2046	1.88	1.64
2047	1.87	1.63
2048	1.87	1.64
2049	1.86	1.63
2050	1.86	1.64

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Panama	United States
1960	44.2%	31.3%
1961	44.3%	31.4%
1962	44.5%	31.3%
1963	44.6%	31.1%
1964	44.7%	30.9%
1965	44.8%	30.7%
1966	44.8%	30.4%
1967	44.8%	30%
1968	44.7%	29.5%
1969	44.6%	29%
1970	44.5%	28.6%
1971	44.3%	28%
1972	44.1%	27.4%
1973	43.9%	26.6%
1974	43.6%	25.9%
1975	43.3%	25.2%
1976	42.9%	24.4%
1977	42.4%	23.8%
1978	41.9%	23.2%
1979	41.4%	22.8%
1980	40.8%	22.4%
1981	40.3%	22.1%
1982	39.8%	22%
1983	39.3%	21.8%
1984	38.8%	21.7%
1985	38.3%	21.5%
1986	37.8%	21.3%
1987	37.4%	21.3%
1988	36.9%	21.3%
1989	36.5%	21.5%
1990	36.1%	21.6%
1991	35.7%	21.7%
1992	35.3%	21.8%
1993	34.9%	21.9%
1994	34.6%	21.9%
1995	34.2%	21.8%
1996	33.9%	21.7%
1997	33.5%	21.5%
1998	33.1%	21.4%
1999	32.8%	21.3%
2000	32.4%	21.2%
2001	32%	21%
2002	31.6%	20.9%
2003	31.3%	20.7%
2004	31%	20.5%
2005	30.6%	20.3%
2006	30.3%	20.2%
2007	30%	20%
2008	29.7%	19.9%
2009	29.5%	19.8%
2010	29.2%	19.7%
2011	28.9%	19.6%
2012	28.7%	19.5%
2013	28.4%	19.4%
2014	28.2%	19.3%
2015	27.9%	19.2%
2016	27.6%	19.1%
2017	27.4%	18.9%
2018	27.1%	18.8%
2019	26.7%	18.6%
2020	26.4%	18.4%
2021	26%	18.1%
2022	25.7%	17.9%
2023	25.3%	17.6%
2024	24.9%	17.3%
2025	24.5%	17.1%
2026	24.1%	16.9%
2027	23.8%	16.7%
2028	23.4%	16.6%
2029	23%	16.4%
2030	22.6%	16.3%
2031	22.2%	16.1%
2032	21.9%	16%
2033	21.6%	16%
2034	21.3%	15.9%
2035	21%	15.9%
2036	20.9%	15.9%
2037	20.7%	15.9%
2038	20.5%	15.9%
2039	20.3%	15.9%
2040	20.1%	15.9%
2041	20%	16%
2042	19.8%	16%
2043	19.6%	16%
2044	19.4%	16%
2045	19.3%	16%
2046	19.1%	16%
2047	18.9%	16%
2048	18.8%	16%
2049	18.6%	15.9%
2050	18.4%	15.9%

Children aged 0-14 make up 24.9% of the population in Panama and 17.3% in the United States in 2024, compared to 36.1% and 21.6% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Panama and the United States compared.

Natural population change in Panama vs United States by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.31% in Panama and +0.25% in the United States. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Panama	United States
1960	35,431	2,565,530
1961	37,100	2,571,681
1962	38,537	2,406,337
1963	39,872	2,289,826
1964	40,806	2,245,099
1965	41,604	1,943,030
1966	42,457	1,749,387
1967	43,054	1,669,181
1968	43,641	1,565,507
1969	44,278	1,702,487
1970	45,075	1,824,965
1971	45,867	1,640,519
1972	46,311	1,301,355
1973	46,540	1,165,499
1974	46,932	1,218,968
1975	47,149	1,252,644
1976	47,307	1,264,604
1977	47,438	1,431,556
1978	47,694	1,402,283
1979	48,362	1,597,894
1980	49,077	1,608,450
1981	50,018	1,652,153
1982	50,858	1,714,317
1983	51,880	1,636,544
1984	52,436	1,627,192
1985	52,573	1,689,258
1986	52,681	1,656,917
1987	52,690	1,720,252
1988	52,767	1,735,943
1989	52,295	1,875,826
1990	53,451	2,026,068
1991	53,079	1,926,543
1992	53,186	1,875,328
1993	53,591	1,717,685
1994	53,845	1,633,302
1995	54,069	1,546,031
1996	54,512	1,510,137
1997	55,060	1,501,014
1998	55,482	1,573,857
1999	55,911	1,564,050
2000	56,236	1,664,758
2001	56,654	1,595,826
2002	57,011	1,581,938
2003	57,458	1,653,615
2004	58,281	1,698,271
2005	58,014	1,684,445
2006	58,067	1,849,955
2007	58,454	1,897,757
2008	58,961	1,794,154
2009	59,168	1,717,920
2010	59,418	1,548,182
2011	60,411	1,441,697
2012	60,471	1,411,822
2013	60,295	1,322,711
2014	60,227	1,357,281
2015	59,896	1,270,126
2016	59,454	1,197,627
2017	58,607	1,028,037
2018	57,508	955,022
2019	54,420	887,476
2020	46,599	208,862
2021	46,747	199,137
2022	50,556	399,926
2023	50,197	502,372

Maternal mortality chart: Panama vs United States

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 37 deaths per 100,000 live births in Panama, compared to 17 deaths in the United States.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Panama	United States
1985	95	11
1986	94	11
1987	93	11
1988	93	12
1989	96	12
1990	89	12
1991	87	12
1992	85	11
1993	81	12
1994	78	11
1995	77	12
1996	73	11
1997	70	11
1998	68	11
1999	65	12
2000	64	12
2001	62	13
2002	59	13
2003	58	13
2004	57	13
2005	57	13
2006	56	13
2007	55	13
2008	55	14
2009	55	15
2010	56	15
2011	55	15
2012	53	16
2013	52	16
2014	49	17
2015	48	17
2016	47	18
2017	47	18
2018	43	18
2019	41	18
2020	74	22
2021	59	31
2022	40	20
2023	37	17

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 1.33% in Panama and 0.65% in the United States. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Panama	United States
1960	9.31%	3.01%
1961	9.04%	2.95%
1962	8.78%	2.89%
1963	8.52%	2.83%
1964	8.28%	2.77%
1965	8.05%	2.71%
1966	7.83%	2.64%
1967	7.62%	2.57%
1968	7.38%	2.49%
1969	7.1%	2.41%
1970	6.78%	2.32%
1971	6.43%	2.24%
1972	6.07%	2.15%
1973	5.72%	2.06%
1974	5.41%	1.97%
1975	5.15%	1.88%
1976	4.93%	1.79%
1977	4.76%	1.71%
1978	4.61%	1.63%
1979	4.47%	1.56%
1980	4.34%	1.5%
1981	4.19%	1.44%
1982	4.05%	1.39%
1983	3.9%	1.34%
1984	3.75%	1.3%
1985	3.61%	1.27%
1986	3.47%	1.24%
1987	3.35%	1.21%
1988	3.24%	1.19%
1989	3.14%	1.16%
1990	3.05%	1.12%
1991	2.97%	1.09%
1992	2.91%	1.05%
1993	2.87%	1.01%
1994	2.83%	0.98%
1995	2.8%	0.95%
1996	2.77%	0.92%
1997	2.73%	0.89%
1998	2.68%	0.87%
1999	2.63%	0.86%
2000	2.56%	0.84%
2001	2.49%	0.83%
2002	2.41%	0.82%
2003	2.33%	0.81%
2004	2.25%	0.81%
2005	2.17%	0.8%
2006	2.1%	0.79%
2007	2.03%	0.77%
2008	1.97%	0.76%
2009	1.91%	0.75%
2010	1.86%	0.73%
2011	1.81%	0.72%
2012	1.77%	0.7%
2013	1.75%	0.69%
2014	1.73%	0.68%
2015	1.72%	0.68%
2016	1.7%	0.67%
2017	1.68%	0.66%
2018	1.65%	0.65%
2019	1.59%	0.65%
2020	1.52%	0.65%
2021	1.45%	0.65%
2022	1.39%	0.65%
2023	1.33%	0.65%