Fertility & birth rates in Nicaragua and Panama

Fertility rate in Nicaragua vs Panama chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Nicaragua was 2.22 children per woman in 2023, compared to 2.12 in Panama in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Nicaragua vs Panama population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Nicaragua	Panama
1960	7.16	5.83
1961	7.11	5.87
1962	7.1	5.87
1963	7.08	5.87
1964	7.06	5.81
1965	7.03	5.73
1966	6.99	5.65
1967	6.94	5.53
1968	6.89	5.41
1969	6.83	5.29
1970	6.77	5.18
1971	6.71	5.05
1972	6.65	4.91
1973	6.59	4.74
1974	6.52	4.58
1975	6.45	4.41
1976	6.37	4.26
1977	6.28	4.12
1978	6.16	3.98
1979	6.07	3.88
1980	5.96	3.8
1981	5.84	3.72
1982	5.74	3.66
1983	5.61	3.6
1984	5.49	3.52
1985	5.36	3.43
1986	5.22	3.34
1987	5.07	3.25
1988	4.93	3.17
1989	4.76	3.12
1990	4.6	3.07
1991	4.43	3
1992	4.27	2.95
1993	4.1	2.91
1994	3.94	2.88
1995	3.78	2.85
1996	3.62	2.83
1997	3.47	2.81
1998	3.34	2.79
1999	3.22	2.77
2000	3.12	2.74
2001	3	2.72
2002	2.89	2.7
2003	2.83	2.68
2004	2.78	2.68
2005	2.77	2.64
2006	2.73	2.62
2007	2.7	2.61
2008	2.66	2.61
2009	2.63	2.59
2010	2.6	2.59
2011	2.56	2.6
2012	2.53	2.59
2013	2.49	2.57
2014	2.46	2.55
2015	2.43	2.53
2016	2.41	2.5
2017	2.38	2.46
2018	2.35	2.4
2019	2.32	2.29
2020	2.3	2.18
2021	2.27	2.15
2022	2.24	2.14
2023	2.22	2.12
2024	2.21	2.11
2025	2.18	2.09
2026	2.16	2.07
2027	2.14	2.06
2028	2.11	2.04
2029	2.09	2.02
2030	2.07	2.01
2031	2.05	2
2032	2.04	1.99
2033	2.02	1.97
2034	2.01	1.96
2035	2	1.95
2036	1.98	1.95
2037	1.97	1.94
2038	1.96	1.93
2039	1.95	1.92
2040	1.94	1.91
2041	1.93	1.91
2042	1.92	1.9
2043	1.91	1.89
2044	1.9	1.89
2045	1.89	1.88
2046	1.89	1.88
2047	1.88	1.87
2048	1.87	1.87
2049	1.87	1.86
2050	1.86	1.86

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Nicaragua	Panama
1960	47.6%	44.2%
1961	47.8%	44.3%
1962	48%	44.5%
1963	48.2%	44.6%
1964	48.2%	44.7%
1965	48.1%	44.8%
1966	47.9%	44.8%
1967	47.8%	44.8%
1968	47.7%	44.7%
1969	47.6%	44.6%
1970	47.5%	44.5%
1971	47.5%	44.3%
1972	47.4%	44.1%
1973	47.4%	43.9%
1974	47.3%	43.6%
1975	47.3%	43.3%
1976	47.3%	42.9%
1977	47.2%	42.4%
1978	47.3%	41.9%
1979	47.3%	41.4%
1980	47.3%	40.8%
1981	47.3%	40.3%
1982	47.3%	39.8%
1983	47.2%	39.3%
1984	47.2%	38.8%
1985	47.1%	38.3%
1986	47%	37.8%
1987	46.9%	37.4%
1988	46.7%	36.9%
1989	46.4%	36.5%
1990	46.1%	36.1%
1991	45.7%	35.7%
1992	45.2%	35.3%
1993	44.8%	34.9%
1994	44.3%	34.6%
1995	43.7%	34.2%
1996	43.1%	33.9%
1997	42.4%	33.5%
1998	41.7%	33.1%
1999	41%	32.8%
2000	40.3%	32.4%
2001	39.6%	32%
2002	38.9%	31.6%
2003	38.2%	31.3%
2004	37.5%	31%
2005	36.8%	30.6%
2006	36.2%	30.3%
2007	35.7%	30%
2008	35.2%	29.7%
2009	34.7%	29.5%
2010	34.2%	29.2%
2011	33.8%	28.9%
2012	33.3%	28.7%
2013	32.9%	28.4%
2014	32.6%	28.2%
2015	32.2%	27.9%
2016	31.8%	27.6%
2017	31.5%	27.4%
2018	31.1%	27.1%
2019	30.8%	26.7%
2020	30.4%	26.4%
2021	30.1%	26%
2022	29.6%	25.7%
2023	29.2%	25.3%
2024	28.8%	24.9%
2025	28.3%	24.5%
2026	27.9%	24.1%
2027	27.4%	23.8%
2028	27%	23.4%
2029	26.6%	23%
2030	26.2%	22.6%
2031	25.8%	22.2%
2032	25.4%	21.9%
2033	25%	21.6%
2034	24.7%	21.3%
2035	24.4%	21%
2036	24%	20.9%
2037	23.7%	20.7%
2038	23.4%	20.5%
2039	23.1%	20.3%
2040	22.8%	20.1%
2041	22.5%	20%
2042	22.2%	19.8%
2043	22%	19.6%
2044	21.7%	19.4%
2045	21.4%	19.3%
2046	21.2%	19.1%
2047	20.9%	18.9%
2048	20.7%	18.8%
2049	20.5%	18.6%
2050	20.2%	18.4%

Children aged 0-14 make up 28.8% of the population in Nicaragua and 24.9% in Panama in 2024, compared to 46.1% and 36.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Nicaragua and Panama compared.

Natural population change in Nicaragua vs Panama by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.58% in Nicaragua and +1.31% in Panama. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Nicaragua	Panama
1960	55,664	35,431
1961	57,499	37,100
1962	59,547	38,537
1963	61,738	39,872
1964	64,227	40,806
1965	67,056	41,604
1966	69,883	42,457
1967	72,722	43,054
1968	75,458	43,641
1969	78,237	44,278
1970	81,127	45,075
1971	84,139	45,867
1972	76,906	46,311
1973	89,662	46,540
1974	92,505	46,932
1975	95,230	47,149
1976	98,100	47,307
1977	100,498	47,438
1978	98,419	47,694
1979	96,429	48,362
1980	108,604	49,077
1981	110,421	50,018
1982	112,468	50,858
1983	110,618	51,880
1984	110,133	52,436
1985	110,949	52,573
1986	113,054	52,681
1987	112,885	52,690
1988	117,299	52,767
1989	120,128	52,295
1990	120,677	53,451
1991	121,787	53,079
1992	121,204	53,186
1993	120,469	53,591
1994	119,565	53,845
1995	118,325	54,069
1996	116,849	54,512
1997	114,415	55,060
1998	108,862	55,482
1999	110,217	55,911
2000	109,192	56,236
2001	107,109	56,654
2002	105,805	57,011
2003	106,142	57,458
2004	106,904	58,281
2005	108,984	58,014
2006	110,073	58,067
2007	110,341	58,454
2008	110,395	58,961
2009	110,213	59,168
2010	110,475	59,418
2011	110,026	60,411
2012	110,065	60,471
2013	109,032	60,295
2014	108,420	60,227
2015	107,344	59,896
2016	106,585	59,454
2017	105,468	58,607
2018	104,814	57,508
2019	102,817	54,420
2020	90,515	46,599
2021	89,213	46,747
2022	100,987	50,556
2023	100,921	50,197

Maternal mortality chart: Nicaragua vs Panama

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 60 deaths per 100,000 live births in Nicaragua, compared to 37 deaths in Panama.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Nicaragua	Panama
1985	319	95
1986	313	94
1987	316	93
1988	301	93
1989	286	96
1990	281	89
1991	273	87
1992	272	85
1993	265	81
1994	256	78
1995	251	77
1996	244	73
1997	236	70
1998	239	68
1999	228	65
2000	213	64
2001	194	62
2002	170	59
2003	154	58
2004	140	57
2005	124	57
2006	113	56
2007	106	55
2008	101	55
2009	99	55
2010	96	56
2011	93	55
2012	88	53
2013	86	52
2014	83	49
2015	81	48
2016	77	47
2017	72	47
2018	67	43
2019	69	41
2020	87	74
2021	124	59
2022	61	40
2023	60	37

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 1.34% in Nicaragua and 1.33% in Panama. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Nicaragua	Panama
1960	19.8%	9.31%
1961	19.6%	9.04%
1962	19.4%	8.78%
1963	19.2%	8.52%
1964	19%	8.28%
1965	18.7%	8.05%
1966	18.4%	7.83%
1967	18.1%	7.62%
1968	17.8%	7.38%
1969	17.4%	7.1%
1970	17.1%	6.78%
1971	16.6%	6.43%
1972	18.7%	6.07%
1973	15.6%	5.72%
1974	15%	5.41%
1975	14.4%	5.15%
1976	13.7%	4.93%
1977	12.9%	4.76%
1978	12.2%	4.61%
1979	11.5%	4.47%
1980	10.8%	4.34%
1981	10.2%	4.19%
1982	9.58%	4.05%
1983	9.07%	3.9%
1984	8.62%	3.75%
1985	8.21%	3.61%
1986	7.85%	3.47%
1987	7.53%	3.35%
1988	7.22%	3.24%
1989	6.92%	3.14%
1990	6.62%	3.05%
1991	6.31%	2.97%
1992	6%	2.91%
1993	5.69%	2.87%
1994	5.39%	2.83%
1995	5.09%	2.8%
1996	4.81%	2.77%
1997	4.54%	2.73%
1998	5.01%	2.68%
1999	4.04%	2.63%
2000	3.82%	2.56%
2001	3.62%	2.49%
2002	3.43%	2.41%
2003	3.26%	2.33%
2004	3.1%	2.25%
2005	2.95%	2.17%
2006	2.81%	2.1%
2007	2.68%	2.03%
2008	2.55%	1.97%
2009	2.44%	1.91%
2010	2.33%	1.86%
2011	2.22%	1.81%
2012	2.13%	1.77%
2013	2.03%	1.75%
2014	1.94%	1.73%
2015	1.86%	1.72%
2016	1.78%	1.7%
2017	1.71%	1.68%
2018	1.64%	1.65%
2019	1.57%	1.59%
2020	1.51%	1.52%
2021	1.45%	1.45%
2022	1.39%	1.39%
2023	1.34%	1.33%