Fertility & birth rates in Nicaragua and Panama

Fertility rate in Nicaragua vs Panama by year

Chart Table

Nicaragua

Panama

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Nicaragua	Panama
2023	2.22	2.12
2022	2.24	2.14
2021	2.27	2.15
2020	2.3	2.18
2019	2.32	2.29
2018	2.35	2.4
2017	2.38	2.46
2016	2.41	2.5
2015	2.43	2.53
2014	2.46	2.55
2013	2.49	2.57
2012	2.53	2.59
2011	2.56	2.6
2010	2.6	2.59
2009	2.63	2.59
2008	2.66	2.61
2007	2.7	2.61
2006	2.73	2.62
2005	2.77	2.64
2004	2.78	2.68
2003	2.83	2.68
2002	2.89	2.7
2001	3	2.72
2000	3.12	2.74
1999	3.22	2.77
1998	3.34	2.79
1997	3.47	2.81
1996	3.62	2.83
1995	3.78	2.85
1994	3.94	2.88
1993	4.1	2.91
1992	4.27	2.95
1991	4.43	3
1990	4.6	3.07
1989	4.76	3.12
1988	4.93	3.17
1987	5.07	3.25
1986	5.22	3.34
1985	5.36	3.43
1984	5.49	3.52
1983	5.61	3.6
1982	5.74	3.66
1981	5.84	3.72
1980	5.96	3.8
1979	6.07	3.88
1978	6.16	3.98
1977	6.28	4.12
1976	6.37	4.26
1975	6.45	4.41
1974	6.52	4.58
1973	6.59	4.74
1972	6.65	4.91
1971	6.71	5.05
1970	6.77	5.18
1969	6.83	5.29
1968	6.89	5.41
1967	6.94	5.53
1966	6.99	5.65
1965	7.03	5.73
1964	7.06	5.81
1963	7.08	5.87
1962	7.1	5.87
1961	7.11	5.87
1960	7.16	5.83

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Nicaragua was 2.22 children per woman in 2023, compared to 2.12 in Panama in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Nicaragua vs Panama population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Nicaragua

Panama

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Nicaragua	Panama
2023	100,921	50,197
2022	100,987	50,556
2021	89,213	46,747
2020	90,515	46,599
2019	102,817	54,420
2018	104,814	57,508
2017	105,468	58,607
2016	106,585	59,454
2015	107,344	59,896
2014	108,420	60,227
2013	109,032	60,295
2012	110,065	60,471
2011	110,026	60,411
2010	110,475	59,418
2009	110,213	59,168
2008	110,395	58,961
2007	110,341	58,454
2006	110,073	58,067
2005	108,984	58,014
2004	106,904	58,281
2003	106,142	57,458
2002	105,805	57,011
2001	107,109	56,654
2000	109,192	56,236
1999	110,217	55,911
1998	108,862	55,482
1997	114,415	55,060
1996	116,849	54,512
1995	118,325	54,069
1994	119,565	53,845
1993	120,469	53,591
1992	121,204	53,186
1991	121,787	53,079
1990	120,677	53,451
1989	120,128	52,295
1988	117,299	52,767
1987	112,885	52,690
1986	113,054	52,681
1985	110,949	52,573
1984	110,133	52,436
1983	110,618	51,880
1982	112,468	50,858
1981	110,421	50,018
1980	108,604	49,077
1979	96,429	48,362
1978	98,419	47,694
1977	100,498	47,438
1976	98,100	47,307
1975	95,230	47,149
1974	92,505	46,932
1973	89,662	46,540
1972	76,906	46,311
1971	84,139	45,867
1970	81,127	45,075
1969	78,237	44,278
1968	75,458	43,641
1967	72,722	43,054
1966	69,883	42,457
1965	67,056	41,604
1964	64,227	40,806
1963	61,738	39,872
1962	59,547	38,537
1961	57,499	37,100
1960	55,664	35,431

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +1.48% in Nicaragua and +1.13% in Panama.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +1.58% in Nicaragua and +1.31% in Panama.

Birth rate in Nicaragua vs Panama by year

Chart Table

Nicaragua

Panama

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Nicaragua	Panama
2023	19.4	16
2022	19.7	16.2
2021	20	16.4
2020	20.5	16.7
2019	20.8	17.6
2018	21.2	18.5
2017	21.6	19.1
2016	22.1	19.5
2015	22.4	19.8
2014	22.8	20.1
2013	23.2	20.4
2012	23.6	20.7
2011	24	21
2010	24.3	21
2009	24.6	21.2
2008	24.9	21.4
2007	25.2	21.6
2006	25.4	21.8
2005	25.6	22.1
2004	25.7	22.5
2003	25.9	22.7
2002	26.3	22.9
2001	27	23.2
2000	27.9	23.5
1999	28.5	23.8
1998	29.2	24.1
1997	30	24.4
1996	31	24.6
1995	31.9	24.9
1994	32.9	25.2
1993	33.9	25.5
1992	34.9	25.9
1991	35.8	26.2
1990	36.6	26.8
1989	37.5	27.2
1988	38.4	27.5
1987	39.1	28
1986	39.8	28.5
1985	40.6	29
1984	41.3	29.5
1983	42.1	29.9
1982	42.8	30
1981	43.4	30.2
1980	44.1	30.4
1979	44.6	30.7
1978	44.9	31.1
1977	45.3	31.7
1976	45.6	32.5
1975	45.9	33.3
1974	46.2	34.2
1973	46.4	35
1972	46.7	36
1971	46.8	36.7
1970	46.8	37.4
1969	47	37.9
1968	47.2	38.5
1967	47.4	39.2
1966	47.6	39.9
1965	47.9	40.3
1964	48.2	40.8
1963	48.5	41.2
1962	48.9	41.3
1961	49.3	41.3
1960	50	41.1

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 19.4 in Nicaragua and 16 in Panama, compared with 50 and 41.1, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Nicaragua

Factual

UN forecast

Panama

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Nicaragua	Panama
2100	14.2%	14%
2099	14.3%	14%
2098	14.3%	14%
2097	14.4%	14.1%
2096	14.4%	14.1%
2095	14.5%	14.2%
2094	14.5%	14.2%
2093	14.6%	14.3%
2092	14.7%	14.3%
2091	14.7%	14.4%
2090	14.8%	14.4%
2089	14.9%	14.5%
2088	14.9%	14.6%
2087	15%	14.6%
2086	15.1%	14.7%
2085	15.2%	14.8%
2084	15.2%	14.8%
2083	15.3%	14.9%
2082	15.4%	15%
2081	15.5%	15.1%
2080	15.6%	15.1%
2079	15.7%	15.2%
2078	15.8%	15.3%
2077	15.9%	15.3%
2076	16%	15.4%
2075	16.1%	15.5%
2074	16.2%	15.6%
2073	16.3%	15.6%
2072	16.4%	15.7%
2071	16.5%	15.8%
2070	16.7%	15.9%
2069	16.8%	15.9%
2068	16.9%	16%
2067	17.1%	16.1%
2066	17.2%	16.2%
2065	17.4%	16.3%
2064	17.6%	16.4%
2063	17.7%	16.5%
2062	17.9%	16.7%
2061	18.1%	16.8%
2060	18.2%	16.9%
2059	18.4%	17.1%
2058	18.6%	17.2%
2057	18.8%	17.3%
2056	19%	17.5%
2055	19.2%	17.7%
2054	19.4%	17.8%
2053	19.7%	18%
2052	19.9%	18.2%
2051	20.1%	18.3%
2050	20.3%	18.5%
2049	20.6%	18.7%
2048	20.8%	18.9%
2047	21.1%	19%
2046	21.3%	19.2%
2045	21.6%	19.4%
2044	21.8%	19.5%
2043	22.1%	19.7%
2042	22.4%	19.9%
2041	22.7%	20.1%
2040	23%	20.2%
2039	23.3%	20.4%
2038	23.6%	20.6%
2037	23.9%	20.8%
2036	24.2%	20.9%
2035	24.5%	21.1%
2034	24.9%	21.4%
2033	25.2%	21.7%
2032	25.6%	22.1%
2031	26%	22.4%
2030	26.4%	22.8%
2029	26.8%	23.2%
2028	27.2%	23.6%
2027	27.7%	24%
2026	28.1%	24.3%
2025	28.5%	24.7%
2024	28.8%	24.9%
2023	29.2%	25.3%
2022	29.6%	25.7%
2021	30.1%	26%
2020	30.4%	26.4%
2019	30.8%	26.7%
2018	31.1%	27.1%
2017	31.5%	27.4%
2016	31.8%	27.6%
2015	32.2%	27.9%
2014	32.6%	28.2%
2013	32.9%	28.4%
2012	33.3%	28.7%
2011	33.8%	28.9%
2010	34.2%	29.2%
2009	34.7%	29.5%
2008	35.2%	29.7%
2007	35.7%	30%
2006	36.2%	30.3%
2005	36.8%	30.6%
2004	37.5%	31%
2003	38.2%	31.3%
2002	38.9%	31.6%
2001	39.6%	32%
2000	40.3%	32.4%
1999	41%	32.8%
1998	41.7%	33.1%
1997	42.4%	33.5%
1996	43.1%	33.9%
1995	43.7%	34.2%
1994	44.3%	34.6%
1993	44.8%	34.9%
1992	45.2%	35.3%
1991	45.7%	35.7%
1990	46.1%	36.1%
1989	46.4%	36.5%
1988	46.7%	36.9%
1987	46.9%	37.4%
1986	47%	37.8%
1985	47.1%	38.3%
1984	47.2%	38.8%
1983	47.2%	39.3%
1982	47.3%	39.8%
1981	47.3%	40.3%
1980	47.3%	40.8%
1979	47.3%	41.4%
1978	47.3%	41.9%
1977	47.2%	42.4%
1976	47.3%	42.9%
1975	47.3%	43.3%
1974	47.3%	43.6%
1973	47.4%	43.9%
1972	47.4%	44.1%
1971	47.5%	44.3%
1970	47.5%	44.5%
1969	47.6%	44.6%
1968	47.7%	44.7%
1967	47.8%	44.8%
1966	47.9%	44.8%
1965	48.1%	44.8%
1964	48.2%	44.7%
1963	48.2%	44.6%
1962	48%	44.5%
1961	47.8%	44.3%
1960	47.6%	44.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 28.8% of the population in Nicaragua and 24.9% in Panama in 2024, compared to 46.1% and 36.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Nicaragua and Panama compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Nicaragua vs Panama

Chart Table

Nicaragua

Panama

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Nicaragua	Panama
2023	60	37
2022	61	40
2021	124	59
2020	87	74
2019	69	41
2018	67	43
2017	72	47
2016	77	47
2015	81	48
2014	83	49
2013	86	52
2012	88	53
2011	93	55
2010	96	56
2009	99	55
2008	101	55
2007	106	55
2006	113	56
2005	124	57
2004	140	57
2003	154	58
2002	170	59
2001	194	62
2000	213	64
1999	228	65
1998	239	68
1997	236	70
1996	244	73
1995	251	77
1994	256	78
1993	265	81
1992	272	85
1991	273	87
1990	281	89
1989	286	96
1988	301	93
1987	316	93
1986	313	94
1985	319	95

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 60 deaths per 100,000 live births in Nicaragua, compared to 37 deaths in Panama.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Nicaragua

Panama

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Nicaragua	Panama
2023	1.34%	1.33%
2022	1.39%	1.39%
2021	1.45%	1.45%
2020	1.51%	1.52%
2019	1.57%	1.59%
2018	1.64%	1.65%
2017	1.71%	1.68%
2016	1.78%	1.7%
2015	1.86%	1.72%
2014	1.94%	1.73%
2013	2.03%	1.75%
2012	2.13%	1.77%
2011	2.22%	1.81%
2010	2.33%	1.86%
2009	2.44%	1.91%
2008	2.55%	1.97%
2007	2.68%	2.03%
2006	2.81%	2.1%
2005	2.95%	2.17%
2004	3.1%	2.25%
2003	3.26%	2.33%
2002	3.43%	2.41%
2001	3.62%	2.49%
2000	3.82%	2.56%
1999	4.04%	2.63%
1998	5.01%	2.68%
1997	4.54%	2.73%
1996	4.81%	2.77%
1995	5.09%	2.8%
1994	5.39%	2.83%
1993	5.69%	2.87%
1992	6%	2.91%
1991	6.31%	2.97%
1990	6.62%	3.05%
1989	6.92%	3.14%
1988	7.22%	3.24%
1987	7.53%	3.35%
1986	7.85%	3.47%
1985	8.21%	3.61%
1984	8.62%	3.75%
1983	9.07%	3.9%
1982	9.58%	4.05%
1981	10.2%	4.19%
1980	10.8%	4.34%
1979	11.5%	4.47%
1978	12.2%	4.61%
1977	12.9%	4.76%
1976	13.7%	4.93%
1975	14.4%	5.15%
1974	15%	5.41%
1973	15.6%	5.72%
1972	18.7%	6.07%
1971	16.6%	6.43%
1970	17.1%	6.78%
1969	17.4%	7.1%
1968	17.8%	7.38%
1967	18.1%	7.62%
1966	18.4%	7.83%
1965	18.7%	8.05%
1964	19%	8.28%
1963	19.2%	8.52%
1962	19.4%	8.78%
1961	19.6%	9.04%
1960	19.8%	9.31%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 1.34% in Nicaragua and 1.33% in Panama. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.