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Fertility & birth rates in Brazil and Nigeria

Updated on by Georank team

Brazil has an annual birth rate of 12.3 births per 1,000 people, compared to 33 for Nigeria. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 1.62 in Brazil and 4.48 in Nigeria — 176.8% difference.

1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by -73.2% in Brazil and by -29.6% in Nigeria — in 1960, it was 6.05 and 6.36, respectively.

Birth rates facts compared:

  • Brazil is ranked 114/196 by birth rate compared to 20/196 for Nigeria.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 28 in Brazil — it's 29.2 in Nigeria.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 42.7 in Brazil vs 86.4 in Nigeria.
  • In Brazil, 26.2% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 24% in Nigeria.
  • Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +0.52% in Brazil and +2.12% in Nigeria.

Birth rate data compared

Brazil Nigeria
Fertility rate 1.62 4.48
Birth rate 12.3 33
Birth rate rank 114/196 20/196
Age at first childbirth n/a 20.4 years
Average age at childbearing 28 years 29.2 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 40 81.8
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 78.1 199.7
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 15.4 68.4
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 26.2% 24%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 77.7% 18.2%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 98.4% 50.7%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.07% 0.99%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 0.76% 3.37%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 1.25% 6.01%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births 1.44% 10.5%
Population change due to births and deaths +1,107,434 +4,834,309
Natural population change rank 17/196 3/196
Natural population change rate +0.52% +2.12%
Population growth +0.41% +2.1%
Population growth rank 141/197 50/197
Life expectancy 76.2 years 54.8 years

Fertility rate in Brazil vs Nigeria chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Brazil was 1.62 children per woman in 2023, compared to 4.48 in Nigeria in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Brazil vs Nigeria population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Brazil
Factual

UN forecast
Nigeria
Factual

UN forecast

Births per woman

Year Fertility rate
Brazil Nigeria
1960 6.05 6.36
1961 6.02 6.35
1962 5.98 6.36
1963 5.93 6.35
1964 5.82 6.36
1965 5.68 6.37
1966 5.52 6.39
1967 5.34 6.4
1968 5.17 6.42
1969 5.04 6.44
1970 4.93 6.47
1971 4.84 6.53
1972 4.74 6.58
1973 4.64 6.63
1974 4.5 6.7
1975 4.42 6.77
1976 4.34 6.81
1977 4.27 6.86
1978 4.2 6.92
1979 4.12 6.89
1980 4.04 6.85
1981 3.94 6.82
1982 3.84 6.8
1983 3.72 6.78
1984 3.6 6.7
1985 3.48 6.62
1986 3.36 6.56
1987 3.23 6.5
1988 3.11 6.5
1989 3.01 6.49
1990 2.9 6.46
1991 2.81 6.43
1992 2.71 6.39
1993 2.66 6.35
1994 2.6 6.32
1995 2.57 6.27
1996 2.51 6.22
1997 2.47 6.14
1998 2.42 6.07
1999 2.34 6.08
2000 2.25 6.12
2001 2.16 6.13
2002 2.08 6.12
2003 2.01 6.1
2004 1.97 6.09
2005 1.94 6.06
2006 1.9 6.05
2007 1.85 6.03
2008 1.82 6.02
2009 1.8 5.99
2010 1.79 5.95
2011 1.78 5.89
2012 1.77 5.8
2013 1.76 5.69
2014 1.78 5.62
2015 1.78 5.5
2016 1.73 5.34
2017 1.74 5.18
2018 1.74 5.02
2019 1.71 4.86
2020 1.65 4.7
2021 1.64 4.64
2022 1.63 4.55
2023 1.62 4.48
2024 1.61 4.38
2025 1.6 4.3
2026 1.59 4.2
2027 1.58 4.1
2028 1.58 4.01
2029 1.58 3.92
2030 1.58 3.82
2031 1.57 3.73
2032 1.57 3.65
2033 1.57 3.56
2034 1.57 3.48
2035 1.57 3.41
2036 1.57 3.34
2037 1.57 3.27
2038 1.57 3.21
2039 1.57 3.16
2040 1.57 3.1
2041 1.57 3.04
2042 1.57 2.99
2043 1.57 2.94
2044 1.57 2.89
2045 1.57 2.85
2046 1.57 2.8
2047 1.56 2.76
2048 1.56 2.73
2049 1.56 2.69
2050 1.56 2.66

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Brazil
Factual

UN forecast
Nigeria
Factual

UN forecast
Year Share of people 0-14 years old
Brazil Nigeria
1960 44.2% 41.1%
1961 44.3% 41.1%
1962 44.4% 41.1%
1963 44.5% 41.2%
1964 44.4% 41.4%
1965 44.2% 41.5%
1966 44% 41.7%
1967 43.8% 41.8%
1968 43.4% 42%
1969 43% 42.2%
1970 42.7% 42.4%
1971 42.2% 42.5%
1972 41.8% 42.8%
1973 41.4% 43%
1974 40.9% 43.2%
1975 40.5% 43.4%
1976 40% 43.7%
1977 39.6% 43.9%
1978 39.1% 44.2%
1979 38.8% 44.4%
1980 38.4% 44.6%
1981 38.1% 44.8%
1982 37.9% 45%
1983 37.7% 45.2%
1984 37.4% 45.4%
1985 37.2% 45.5%
1986 36.9% 45.6%
1987 36.6% 45.6%
1988 36.3% 45.5%
1989 35.9% 45.5%
1990 35.5% 45.3%
1991 35% 45.2%
1992 34.5% 45%
1993 34% 44.8%
1994 33.4% 44.6%
1995 32.8% 44.4%
1996 32.2% 44.2%
1997 31.6% 44.1%
1998 31% 43.9%
1999 30.5% 43.8%
2000 29.9% 43.7%
2001 29.3% 43.7%
2002 28.7% 43.8%
2003 28.2% 43.8%
2004 27.6% 43.9%
2005 27.1% 44%
2006 26.6% 44.1%
2007 26.1% 44.2%
2008 25.7% 44.3%
2009 25.2% 44.4%
2010 24.7% 44.4%
2011 24.2% 44.5%
2012 23.7% 44.5%
2013 23.3% 44.5%
2014 22.8% 44.4%
2015 22.4% 44.3%
2016 22% 44.1%
2017 21.7% 43.9%
2018 21.4% 43.6%
2019 21.1% 43.2%
2020 20.8% 42.8%
2021 20.5% 42.4%
2022 20.2% 42%
2023 19.9% 41.5%
2024 19.7% 41%
2025 19.4% 40.5%
2026 19.1% 40%
2027 18.8% 39.5%
2028 18.5% 39%
2029 18.2% 38.5%
2030 17.9% 38%
2031 17.7% 37.6%
2032 17.4% 37.2%
2033 17.1% 36.8%
2034 16.9% 36.5%
2035 16.6% 36.2%
2036 16.4% 35.9%
2037 16.2% 35.5%
2038 16.1% 35.2%
2039 15.9% 34.9%
2040 15.8% 34.5%
2041 15.6% 34.2%
2042 15.5% 33.8%
2043 15.4% 33.5%
2044 15.3% 33.1%
2045 15.2% 32.8%
2046 15.1% 32.4%
2047 15% 32%
2048 14.9% 31.6%
2049 14.8% 31.3%
2050 14.6% 30.9%

Children aged 0-14 make up 19.7% of the population in Brazil and 41% in Nigeria in 2024, compared to 35.5% and 45.3% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Brazil and Nigeria compared.

Natural population change in Brazil vs Nigeria by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +0.68% in Brazil and +2.29% in Nigeria. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Brazil
Nigeria

Natural population change

Year Population change due to births and deaths
Brazil Nigeria
1960 2,190,392 901,301
1961 2,240,178 932,111
1962 2,286,666 966,452
1963 2,326,400 995,116
1964 2,338,478 1,028,272
1965 2,336,415 1,061,840
1966 2,325,332 1,095,582
1967 2,307,560 1,082,884
1968 2,301,561 1,168,254
1969 2,324,190 1,213,484
1970 2,362,073 1,295,507
1971 2,407,319 1,373,896
1972 2,454,698 1,448,928
1973 2,501,309 1,525,485
1974 2,524,254 1,624,813
1975 2,585,130 1,718,623
1976 2,648,647 1,827,289
1977 2,715,328 1,923,917
1978 2,778,815 2,019,621
1979 2,836,759 2,074,807
1980 2,887,768 2,121,618
1981 2,928,262 2,179,884
1982 2,948,552 2,233,401
1983 2,952,335 2,292,089
1984 2,931,496 2,278,060
1985 2,912,908 2,289,784
1986 2,880,440 2,295,003
1987 2,825,485 2,322,397
1988 2,768,082 2,376,419
1989 2,717,923 2,452,324
1990 2,652,959 2,491,928
1991 2,606,167 2,527,807
1992 2,547,698 2,596,173
1993 2,545,874 2,673,675
1994 2,532,951 2,735,198
1995 2,546,195 2,830,771
1996 2,530,690 2,882,205
1997 2,531,758 2,936,500
1998 2,514,728 3,003,946
1999 2,450,869 3,155,425
2000 2,372,043 3,343,196
2001 2,291,210 3,478,370
2002 2,207,017 3,606,814
2003 2,128,819 3,751,120
2004 2,108,072 3,877,376
2005 2,083,281 4,013,788
2006 2,026,119 4,135,703
2007 1,970,372 4,265,428
2008 1,908,051 4,412,976
2009 1,878,542 4,528,149
2010 1,847,336 4,629,173
2011 1,815,758 4,728,363
2012 1,782,516 4,774,508
2013 1,758,716 4,811,751
2014 1,757,948 4,862,319
2015 1,742,275 4,823,045
2016 1,609,488 4,761,594
2017 1,610,402 4,706,183
2018 1,583,935 4,659,898
2019 1,472,104 4,609,941
2020 1,146,174 4,525,164
2021 919,507 4,641,562
2022 1,054,897 4,739,502
2023 1,107,434 4,834,309

Fertility rates around the globe

Fertility rate

Maternal mortality chart: Brazil vs Nigeria

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 67 deaths per 100,000 live births in Brazil, compared to 993 deaths in Nigeria.

Brazil
Nigeria
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
Brazil Nigeria
1985 186 1,344
1986 176 1,363
1987 167 1,351
1988 161 1,332
1989 150 1,304
1990 140 1,285
1991 128 1,282
1992 118 1,246
1993 113 1,200
1994 108 1,193
1995 103 1,186
1996 98 1,185
1997 92 1,184
1998 84 1,189
1999 75 1,165
2000 69 1,136
2001 66 1,130
2002 66 1,117
2003 67 1,090
2004 70 1,075
2005 71 1,060
2006 72 1,067
2007 73 1,063
2008 71 1,081
2009 69 1,088
2010 66 1,094
2011 62 1,108
2012 60 1,124
2013 61 1,146
2014 63 1,155
2015 63 1,168
2016 64 1,155
2017 61 1,142
2018 62 1,118
2019 65 1,091
2020 85 1,065
2021 128 1,046
2022 104 1,016
2023 67 993

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 1.44% in Brazil and 10.5% in Nigeria. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Brazil
Nigeria

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

Year Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
Brazil Nigeria
1960 16.9% -
1961 16.5% -
1962 16% -
1963 15.6% -
1964 15.2% 32.7%
1965 14.9% 32%
1966 14.5% 31.3%
1967 14.2% 30.7%
1968 13.9% 30%
1969 13.6% 29.3%
1970 13.2% 28.5%
1971 12.9% 27.7%
1972 12.6% 26.9%
1973 12.2% 26.1%
1974 11.9% 25.2%
1975 11.6% 24.4%
1976 11.2% 23.6%
1977 10.8% 22.9%
1978 10.4% 22.3%
1979 10% 21.8%
1980 9.57% 21.3%
1981 9.14% 21%
1982 8.73% 20.8%
1983 8.34% 20.7%
1984 7.98% 20.7%
1985 7.67% 20.8%
1986 7.38% 20.9%
1987 7.11% 20.9%
1988 6.84% 21%
1989 6.58% 21%
1990 6.31% 21%
1991 6.02% 20.9%
1992 5.72% 20.8%
1993 5.41% 20.7%
1994 5.09% 20.6%
1995 4.77% 20.4%
1996 4.47% 20.1%
1997 4.19% 19.7%
1998 3.93% 19.3%
1999 3.68% 18.8%
2000 3.45% 18.2%
2001 3.22% 17.7%
2002 3.01% 17.1%
2003 2.81% 16.5%
2004 2.63% 16%
2005 2.46% 15.5%
2006 2.31% 15%
2007 2.17% 14.5%
2008 2.05% 14.1%
2009 1.95% 13.8%
2010 1.86% 13.5%
2011 1.79% 13.3%
2012 1.72% 13.1%
2013 1.67% 12.9%
2014 1.63% 12.8%
2015 1.6% 12.6%
2016 1.68% 12.5%
2017 1.54% 12.3%
2018 1.52% 12%
2019 1.5% 11.8%
2020 1.49% 11.4%
2021 1.47% 11.1%
2022 1.46% 10.8%
2023 1.44% 10.5%

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Birth rate comparisons

Birth rate vs Brazil vs Nigeria
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