Skip to content

Economy of El Salvador vs Netherlands compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

El Salvador has a GDP of $36.7B compared to $1.33T for the Netherlands, ranking 108/197 and 18/197 by economy size, respectively.

El Salvador has $32B in government debt (87.2% of GDP), compared to $578B (43.3% of GDP) in the Netherlands.

El Salvador vs Netherlands GDP by year

El Salvador
Netherlands
1x
Year GDP, current $
El Salvador Netherlands
2025 $36,708,110,000 $1,332,767,651,100
2024 $34,879,730,000 $1,213,936,238,063
2023 $33,565,430,000 $1,135,475,867,551
2022 $31,870,110,000 $1,046,540,797,549
2021 $29,043,140,000 $1,054,472,123,450
2020 $24,921,190,000 $932,560,861,701
2019 $26,881,140,000 $928,903,005,576
2018 $26,020,850,000 $929,733,599,797
2017 $24,979,190,000 $848,233,537,846
2016 $24,191,430,000 $797,163,949,290
2015 $23,438,240,000 $775,743,675,303
2014 $22,593,470,000 $901,556,501,756
2013 $21,990,960,000 $883,951,539,007
2012 $21,386,150,000 $845,689,017,066
2011 $20,283,780,000 $913,140,741,333
2010 $18,447,920,000 $852,464,982,433
2009 $17,601,620,000 $878,954,223,140
2008 $17,986,890,000 $957,901,566,041
2007 $17,011,750,000 $853,499,460,873
2006 $15,999,890,000 $737,593,995,289
2005 $14,698,000,000 $688,133,699,636
2004 $13,724,810,900 $661,224,886,143
2003 $13,243,892,200 $582,435,617,082
2002 $12,664,190,300 $475,529,972,123
2001 $12,282,533,600 $432,536,219,669
2000 $11,784,927,700 $417,649,282,154
1999 $11,284,197,000 $447,778,514,140
1998 $10,936,669,900 $438,612,530,549
1997 $10,221,705,900 $417,506,211,882
1996 $9,586,327,800 $451,372,549,020
1995 $8,921,947,100 $452,967,334,614
1994 $7,679,384,000 $379,688,232,232
1993 $6,680,269,200 $354,070,495,966
1992 $5,813,399,300 $363,497,050,125
1991 $5,252,342,400 $327,982,316,124
1990 $4,817,542,204 $318,799,003,994
1989 $4,372,215,300 $258,716,904,292
1988 $4,189,880,000 $262,295,966,105
1987 $3,958,045,800 $245,406,949,521
1986 $3,771,663,200 $201,157,708,221
1985 $3,800,368,600 $144,057,523,222
1984 $3,661,683,400 $144,124,462,912
1983 $3,506,347,800 $153,671,294,109
1982 $3,399,189,100 $158,712,765,536
1981 $3,437,200,200 $164,375,775,854
1980 $3,573,959,900 $195,439,301,707
1979 $3,463,639,900 $179,933,827,310
1978 $3,127,960,000 $156,089,077,205
1977 $2,941,640,100 $127,203,923,857
1976 $2,328,280,100 $109,329,386,564
1975 $1,884,120,100 $100,397,061,694
1974 $1,665,880,000 $87,371,810,804
1973 $1,442,320,000 $71,946,639,603
1972 $1,263,720,000 $54,787,070,173
1971 $1,186,120,000 $44,644,730,576
1970 $1,132,920,000 $38,220,884,519
1969 $1,049,400,000 $34,086,038,090
1968 $1,009,760,100 $30,097,635,751
1967 $976,200,000 $27,143,828,099
1966 $929,520,000 $24,741,480,717
1965 $877,720,000 $22,721,869,808
1964 - $20,232,048,553
1963 - $17,193,744,109
1962 - $15,847,582,341
1961 - $14,599,836,396
1960 - $13,282,979,015

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/el-salvador/netherlands | CC BY

GDP per capita in El Salvador vs Netherlands by year

El Salvador
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Netherlands
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
El Salvador Netherlands
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $5,767 - $73,684 -
2024 $5,503 $13,264 $67,465 $86,174
2023 $5,320 $12,680 $63,516 $81,729
2022 $5,075 $11,876 $59,123 $78,630
2021 $4,643 $10,810 $60,142 $68,574
2020 $3,997 $9,393 $53,468 $62,597
2019 $4,320 $9,757 $53,555 $62,345
2018 $4,184 $9,204 $53,955 $58,819
2017 $4,020 $8,965 $49,514 $56,038
2016 $3,901 $8,456 $46,809 $53,162
2015 $3,790 $7,934 $45,794 $50,957
2014 $3,666 $7,504 $53,457 $49,751
2013 $3,582 $7,093 $52,602 $49,622
2012 $3,498 $6,708 $50,474 $47,653
2011 $3,331 $6,594 $54,702 $47,004
2010 $3,040 $6,248 $51,306 $45,301
2009 $2,910 $6,063 $53,172 $44,959
2008 $2,983 $6,175 $58,247 $46,714
2007 $2,831 $5,949 $52,101 $44,203
2006 $2,666 $5,695 $45,124 $41,208
2005 $2,447 $5,292 $42,165 $37,778
2004 $2,286 $4,998 $40,611 $35,961
2003 $2,208 $4,829 $35,897 $34,286
2002 $2,115 $4,672 $29,447 $34,568
2001 $2,058 $4,543 $26,956 $33,259
2000 $1,983 $4,422 $26,225 $31,895
1999 $1,908 $4,298 $28,319 $29,316
1998 $1,860 $4,171 $27,924 $27,749
1997 $1,749 $4,043 $26,745 $26,062
1996 $1,651 $3,880 $29,064 $24,564
1995 $1,548 $3,808 $29,301 $23,480
1994 $1,344 $3,591 $24,683 $22,414
1993 $1,180 $3,390 $23,156 $21,443
1992 $1,041 $3,171 $23,939 $20,831
1991 $956 $2,945 $21,764 $20,177
1990 $892 $2,856 $21,322 $19,203
1989 $825 - $17,423 -
1988 $806 - $17,771 -
1987 $777 - $16,734 -
1986 $755 - $13,804 -
1985 $776 - $9,941 -
1984 $763 - $9,992 -
1983 $745 - $10,696 -
1982 $735 - $11,089 -
1981 $752 - $11,537 -
1980 $787 - $13,812 -
1979 $773 - $12,817 -
1978 $712 - $11,196 -
1977 $684 - $9,180 -
1976 $553 - $7,937 -
1975 $457 - $7,346 -
1974 $413 - $6,450 -
1973 $366 - $5,353 -
1972 $329 - $4,110 -
1971 $316 - $3,384 -
1970 $309 - $2,931 -
1969 $293.4 - $2,647 -
1968 $290.1 - $2,364 -
1967 $288.4 - $2,155 -
1966 $282.4 - $1,986 -
1965 $274.3 - $1,848 -
1964 - - $1,668 -
1963 - - $1,437 -
1962 - - $1,342 -
1961 - - $1,254 -
1960 - - $1,156 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/el-salvador/netherlands | CC BY

El Salvador's GDP per capita is $5,767, ranking 117/197, compared to $73,684 in the Netherlands, ranking 12/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), El Salvador ranks 120th at $13,264, while the Netherlands ranks 11th at $86,174.

Economic indicators

El Salvador Netherlands
Gross domestic product
$36.7B
2025
$1.33T
2025
GDP rank
108/197
2025
18/197
2025
GDP growth
3.91%
2024-2025
1.78%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$5,767
2025
$73,684
2025
GDP per capita rank
117/197
2025
12/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$13,264
2024
$86,174
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
120/197
2024
11/197
2024
Government debt
$32B
2025
$578B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
87.2%
2025
43.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$5,030
2025
$31,942
2025
Government debt per person rank
86/185
2025
23/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$5,010
2026
$46,674
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$1.1T
2017
Number of millionaires n/a
1,294,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
13
2026
Income share by richest 10%
29.7%
2023
21.4%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
1.9%
2023
3.6%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
30.2%
2025
45.1%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.26%
2024-2025
3.26%
2024-2025
Unemployment rate
2.71%
2024
3.9%
2025
Population
6404781
18243998

Spending and national debt comparison by year

El Salvador
Spending

Debt
Netherlands
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
El Salvador Netherlands
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 30.2% 87.2% 45.1% 43.3%
2024 31.4% 87.4% 44.4% 43.7%
2023 30.5% 85% 44% 45.8%
2022 28.7% 83.7% 43.3% 48.4%
2021 31.1% 88% 45.9% 50.5%
2020 32.7% 95.4% 47.8% 53.4%
2019 27.8% 77.9% 42.1% 47.7%
2018 27.6% 77% 42.4% 51.6%
2017 28.1% 77.1% 42.8% 56%
2016 27.5% 75.2% 43.9% 60.9%
2015 27.1% 73.5% 45.3% 63.8%
2014 27.6% 71.8% 46.7% 67.2%
2013 28.5% 69.7% 47.5% 67.2%
2012 27.4% 70% 47.6% 65.7%
2011 25.3% 65.6% 47.8% 61.2%
2010 25.6% 66.8% 48.9% 58.9%
2009 26% 65.8% 48.4% 56.3%
2008 24.5% 54.2% 44.3% 54.4%
2007 22.8% 52.2% 43.3% 42.7%
2006 23.4% 52.6% 44% 45%
2005 22.4% 46.3% 43.4% 49.6%
2004 21.5% 46.8% 44.7% 50.1%
2003 22.6% 46% 45.8% 49.8%
2002 22.5% 43.8% 44.8% 48.7%
2001 21.7% 37.8% 44.1% 49.4%
2000 21% 29.6% 43.2% 52.2%
1999 19.7% 28% 44.3% 58.6%
1998 19.3% 25.7% 44.6% 62.7%
1997 18.6% 27.8% 45.7% 65.7%
1996 21% 28.5% 47.3% 71.2%
1995 18.6% 28% 53.9% 73%
1994 18.9% 30.5% 49.4% 73.5%
1993 18.5% 31.9% 50.9% 76.7%
1992 20.8% 36.4% 50.2% 75.6%
1991 18.5% 43.3% 49.6% 74.8%
1990 15.9% - 48.8% 75%
1989 - - 54.5% 73.7%
1988 - - 56.4% 73.7%
1987 - - 58.5% 71.3%
1986 - - 57% 68.9%
1985 - - 57.3% 67.1%
1984 - - 58.1% 61.9%
1983 - - 59.1% 58.4%
1982 - - 59.1% 52.4%
1981 - - 56.8% 46.9%
1980 - - 55.2% 43.6%
1979 - - 53.7% 39.5%
1978 - - 52.3% 38.1%
1977 - - 50.6% 34.9%
1976 - - 50.8% 35.2%
1975 - - 50.8% 36.1%
1974 - - 46.4% 36.3%
1973 - - 44.6% 38.1%
1972 - - 44.9% 41.3%
1971 - - 44.6% 43.7%
1970 - - 43.2% 46.1%
1969 - - 42.1% 48.2%
1968 - - 25.4% 54.4%
1967 - - 24.1% 55%
1966 - - 24.4% 55.6%
1965 - - 23.4% 55.8%
1964 - - 22.3% 57.1%
1963 - - 21.9% 61.7%
1962 - - 22.1% 63.8%
1961 - - 22.2% 65.9%
1960 - - 20.4% 66.7%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/el-salvador/netherlands | CC BY

In 2025, El Salvador's government spending was $11.1B, accounting for 30.2% of its GDP, while the Netherlands spent $602B, or 45.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 87.2% in El Salvador and 43.3% in the Netherlands, ranking 32/185 and 121/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
El Salvador

Netherlands
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
El Salvador Netherlands
2025 -2.82% -1.84%
2024 -4.55% -0.94%
2023 -4.69% -0.37%
2022 -2.68% 0.002%
2021 -5.53% -2.26%
2020 -8.14% -3.72%
2019 -3.07% 1.91%
2018 -2.71% 1.49%
2017 -2.53% 1.35%
2016 -3.1% 0.23%
2015 -3.63% -1.84%
2014 -4.02% -2.17%
2013 -4.46% -2.87%
2012 -3.81% -3.83%
2011 -4.47% -4.42%
2010 -4.97% -5.3%
2009 -6.65% -5.06%
2008 -3.8% -0.06%
2007 -2.32% -0.16%
2006 -3.42% 0.04%
2005 -3.47% -0.51%
2004 -2.76% -1.82%
2003 -4.23% -3.19%
2002 -5.5% -2.23%
2001 -4.95% -0.47%
2000 -3.45% 1.14%
1999 -3.08% 0.28%
1998 -2.94% -1.34%
1997 -1.97% -1.6%
1996 -2.7% -1.91%
1995 -0.18% -8.72%
1994 -0.94% -3.53%
1993 -1.42% -3.13%
1992 -4.29% -3.12%
1991 -2.3% -2.05%
1990 -0.61% -4.08%
1989 - -5%
1988 - -4.23%
1987 - -5.39%
1986 - -4.62%
1985 - -3.6%
1984 - -5.25%
1983 - -5.47%
1982 - -6.17%
1981 - -4.92%
1980 - -3.95%
1979 - -2.46%
1978 - -2.09%
1977 - -0.75%
1976 - -2.02%
1975 - -2.82%
1974 - -0.26%
1973 - 0.54%
1972 - -0.7%
1971 - -1.58%
1970 - -1.52%
1969 - -1.14%
1968 - -3.06%
1967 - -1.97%
1966 - -2.37%
1965 - -1.15%
1964 - -1.2%
1963 - -0.54%
1962 - -1.38%
1961 - -0.38%
1960 - 0.9%
1959 - -0.74%
1958 - -0.89%
1957 - 0.3%
1956 - -0.83%
1955 - -0.25%
1954 - 0.76%
1953 - -2.95%
1952 - 2.19%
1951 - 2.13%
1950 - 0.81%
1949 - 2.3%
1948 - -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -3.19%
1938 - -0.37%
1937 - 0.02%
1936 - -0.41%
1935 - -0.69%
1934 - -0.92%
1933 - -2.55%
1932 - -1.97%
1931 - -1.66%
1930 - -0.55%
1929 - -1.16%
1928 - -0.62%
1927 - -0.33%
1926 - -0.78%
1925 - -2.04%
1924 - -3.37%
1923 - -2.62%
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -0.45%
1912 - -0.47%
1911 - -0.13%
1910 - -0.93%
1909 - -0.34%
1908 - -0.57%
1907 - 0.03%
1906 - 0.16%
1905 - 0.1%
1904 - -0.72%
1903 - 0.09%
1902 - -0.14%
1901 - 0.03%
1900 - 0.06%
1899 - -0.13%
1898 - -0.48%
1897 - -0.45%
1896 - 0.08%
1895 - -0.06%
1894 - 0.12%
1893 - -0.76%
1892 - -1.72%
1891 - -0.06%
1890 - -0.06%
1889 - 0.04%
1888 - -0.31%
1887 - -0.37%
1886 - -0.08%
1885 - -0.55%
1884 - 0%
1883 - -2.1%
1882 - -1.11%
1881 - -1.06%
1880 - 0.21%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/el-salvador/netherlands | CC BY

In 2025, El Salvador's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.03B, equivalent to 2.82% of GDP. This compares to the Netherlands' deficit of $24.5B, or 1.84% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, El Salvador recorded a fiscal deficit in 36 of those years, while the Netherlands ran a deficit in 28 years. On average, El Salvador posted an annual deficit equal to 3.5% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.84% of GDP for the Netherlands.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
El Salvador

Netherlands
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
El Salvador Netherlands
2025 0.26% 3.26%
2024 0.85% 3.35%
2023 4.05% 3.84%
2022 7.2% 10%
2021 3.47% 2.68%
2020 -0.37% 1.27%
2019 0.08% 2.63%
2018 1.09% 1.7%
2017 1.01% 1.38%
2016 0.6% 0.32%
2015 -0.73% 0.6%
2014 1.14% 0.98%
2013 0.76% 2.51%
2012 1.73% 2.46%
2011 5.13% 2.34%
2010 1.18% 1.28%
2009 1.06% 1.19%
2008 6.71% 2.49%
2007 4.58% 1.61%
2006 4.04% 1.1%
2005 4.69% 1.69%
2004 4.45% 1.26%
2003 2.12% 2.09%
2002 1.87% 3.29%
2001 3.75% 4.16%
2000 2.27% 2.36%
1999 0.51% 2.16%
1998 2.55% 1.96%
1997 4.49% 2.11%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/el-salvador/netherlands | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, El Salvador has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.43%, compared with 2.35% in the Netherlands. In 2025, inflation was 0.26% in El Salvador and 3.26% in the Netherlands.

Top exports between countries

El Salvador
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $14.3M
Raw agricultural goods $6.17M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3.79M
Metals $929K
Chemicals & pharma $167K
Machinery & equipment $87K
Animal & marine products $47K
Wood & paper products $18K
Miscellaneous $7K
Raw materials & minerals $6K
Netherlands
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $20.5M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $20.3M
Chemicals & pharma $6.61M
Metals $3.27M
Wood & paper products $2.77M
Animal & marine products $2.4M
Raw agricultural goods $1.75M
Raw materials & minerals $1.57M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.42M
Miscellaneous $393K

Balance of trade

El Salvador Netherlands
Current account balance
-$1.3B
2025
$111B
2024
Current account balance ranking
125/190
2025
6/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.54%
2025
+9.14%
2024
Goods imports
$16.7B
2025
$606B
2024
Goods exports
$5.55B
2025
$693B
2024
Service imports
$3.94B
2025
$262B
2024
Service exports
$6.21B
2025
$308B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
56.1%
2025
69.5%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
32%
2025
80.7%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

El Salvador Netherlands
Economic freedom 57.7 78.5
Economic freedom ranking 114/197 11/197
Property rights 42.7 96
Government integrity 31.5 86.8
Judicial effectiveness 15.3 96.1
Tax burden 76.8 54
Government spending 72.7 42.2
Fiscal health 59.4 95.9
Business freedom 65.7 85
Labor freedom 51.6 59.3
Monetary freedom 70.6 77
Trade freedom 76.4 79.4
Investment freedom 70 90
Financial freedom 60 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

El Salvador
Netherlands
1x
Year Economic freedom index
El Salvador Netherlands
2026 57.7 78.5
2025 56.6 78.2
2024 54.4 77.3
2023 56 78
2022 59.6 79.5
2021 61 76.8
2020 61.6 77
2019 61.8 76.8
2018 63.2 76.2
2017 64.1 75.8
2016 65.1 74.6
2015 65.7 73.7
2014 66.2 74.2
2013 66.7 73.5
2012 68.7 73.3
2011 68.8 74.7
2010 69.9 75
2009 69.8 77
2008 68.5 77.4
2007 68.9 75.5
2006 69.6 75.4
2005 71.5 72.9
2004 71.2 74.5
2003 71.5 74.6
2002 73 75.1
2001 73 73
2000 76.3 70.4
1999 75.1 70.2
1998 70.2 69.2
1997 70.5 70.4
1996 70.1 69.7
1995 69.1 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/el-salvador/netherlands | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for El Salvador is 57.7, ranking 114/197, compared to 78.5 for the Netherlands, ranking 11/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

El Salvador Netherlands
Services, % of GDP
58.9%
2025
70.4%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
24.5%
2025
17.7%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
4.4%
2025
1.68%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$34.4B
2025
$1.24T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$13,140
2025
$85,480
2025
Total reserves including gold
$4.82B
2025
$118B
2025
Total reserves ranking
107/177
2025
27/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$445M
2025
$11.1B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.05B
2024
-$17.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$310M
2024
-$5.93B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
35.5%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
27.2%
2023
14.5%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
26.3%
2025
19.8%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/el-salvador/netherlands | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.