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Fertility & birth rates in Mali and Togo

Updated on by Georank team

Mali has an annual birth rate of 40 births per 1,000 people, compared to 31.1 for Togo. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 5.61 in Mali and 4.19 in Togo — 25.3% difference.

1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by 20% in Mali and by 38.3% in Togo — in 1960, it was 7.02 and 6.8, respectively.

  • Mali is ranked 6/196 by birth rate compared to 26/196 for Togo.
  • The mean age for first-time mothers is 19.2 years in Mali, compared to 25 years in Togo.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 28.8 in Mali — it's 28.9 in Togo.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 138.6 in Mali vs 77.1 in Togo.
  • In Mali, 22.6% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 24.2% in Togo.

Fertility rate in Mali vs Togo by year

Mali
Togo
1x
Year Fertility rate
Mali Togo
2023 5.61 4.19
2022 5.69 4.25
2021 5.78 4.32
2020 5.85 4.39
2019 5.89 4.45
2018 6.12 4.51
2017 6.25 4.58
2016 6.32 4.63
2015 6.39 4.66
2014 6.44 4.7
2013 6.49 4.75
2012 6.52 4.85
2011 6.55 4.98
2010 6.58 5.09
2009 6.59 5.1
2008 6.62 5.1
2007 6.65 5.1
2006 6.68 5.08
2005 6.71 5.04
2004 6.74 5
2003 6.78 5.05
2002 6.82 5.09
2001 6.85 5.13
2000 6.89 5.17
1999 6.91 5.23
1998 6.94 5.29
1997 6.97 5.36
1996 7.01 5.46
1995 7.05 5.57
1994 7.12 5.67
1993 7.18 5.78
1992 7.24 5.89
1991 7.28 5.99
1990 7.31 6.07
1989 7.33 6.15
1988 7.32 6.23
1987 7.31 6.3
1986 7.31 6.38
1985 7.26 6.46
1984 7.26 6.54
1983 7.28 6.63
1982 7.32 6.73
1981 7.37 6.81
1980 7.37 6.88
1979 7.35 6.94
1978 7.32 6.98
1977 7.3 7.03
1976 7.27 7.06
1975 7.25 7.09
1974 7.23 7.09
1973 7.22 7.08
1972 7.22 7.07
1971 7.2 7.06
1970 7.18 7.04
1969 7.18 7.02
1968 7.16 6.97
1967 7.14 6.96
1966 7.11 6.96
1965 7.08 6.94
1964 7.06 6.92
1963 7.05 6.89
1962 7.04 6.86
1961 7.03 6.82
1960 7.02 6.8

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/mali/togo | CC BY

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Mali was 5.61 children per woman in 2023, compared to 4.19 in Togo in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Mali vs Togo population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Mali
Togo
1x
Year Natural population change
Mali Togo
2023 746,398 218,093
2022 726,465 215,090
2021 703,674 210,613
2020 683,053 208,663
2019 667,110 207,608
2018 670,723 204,942
2017 661,973 202,307
2016 645,652 199,364
2015 630,006 194,768
2014 614,419 190,667
2013 597,887 187,309
2012 588,748 186,061
2011 570,899 186,406
2010 554,447 185,294
2009 533,730 180,111
2008 514,665 173,677
2007 495,800 168,144
2006 477,665 160,671
2005 460,964 154,117
2004 439,717 147,574
2003 417,766 144,900
2002 396,732 141,643
2001 376,472 137,808
2000 359,159 133,873
1999 343,705 129,832
1998 323,940 125,392
1997 308,429 122,109
1996 293,953 119,418
1995 285,598 116,314
1994 282,356 113,074
1993 274,480 119,938
1992 267,605 118,876
1991 261,656 117,409
1990 252,308 116,200
1989 249,929 114,432
1988 245,682 112,915
1987 238,871 110,739
1986 233,799 107,957
1985 224,734 104,949
1984 218,078 102,425
1983 211,795 99,817
1982 204,892 97,003
1981 198,227 94,318
1980 190,560 91,445
1979 182,449 89,148
1978 172,652 86,950
1977 165,071 84,572
1976 157,778 82,321
1975 150,222 79,831
1974 142,448 77,347
1973 135,801 74,713
1972 129,687 72,008
1971 123,591 69,206
1970 118,952 65,851
1969 114,361 62,589
1968 111,403 59,110
1967 107,650 56,128
1966 103,684 53,640
1965 100,451 51,323
1964 97,166 49,449
1963 95,055 47,869
1962 93,101 46,201
1961 91,115 44,623
1960 88,802 43,307

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/mali/togo | CC BY

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +3.14% in Mali and +2.34% in Togo.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +3.25% in Mali and +2.46% in Togo.

Birth rate in Mali vs Togo by year

Mali
Togo

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x
Year Annual births per 1,000 people
Mali Togo
2023 40 31.1
2022 40.3 31.5
2021 40.7 32
2020 41 32.5
2019 41.1 32.9
2018 42.6 33.4
2017 43.4 33.9
2016 43.9 34.4
2015 44.5 34.7
2014 45 35
2013 45.5 35.4
2012 46.3 36.1
2011 46.5 37.1
2010 46.9 37.9
2009 47 38
2008 47.2 38
2007 47.4 38
2006 47.6 37.7
2005 47.9 37.4
2004 47.8 37.1
2003 47.6 37.5
2002 47.3 37.8
2001 47.1 37.9
2000 47.1 37.9
1999 47 38
1998 46.4 38.1
1997 46.1 38.3
1996 45.8 38.6
1995 45.9 39
1994 46.5 39.4
1993 46.7 41.7
1992 46.9 40.8
1991 47.2 41.2
1990 47 41.7
1989 47.7 42.1
1988 48.2 42.5
1987 48.4 43
1986 48.8 43.3
1985 48.8 43.6
1984 49 44
1983 49.4 44.5
1982 50 45.1
1981 50.4 45.6
1980 50.6 46.1
1979 50.7 46.7
1978 50.4 47.2
1977 50.5 47.6
1976 50.6 48
1975 50.6 48.2
1974 50.5 48.4
1973 50.5 48.4
1972 50.4 48.5
1971 50.5 48.5
1970 50.4 48.3
1969 50.5 48.2
1968 50.6 47.9
1967 50.6 48
1966 50.6 48.2
1965 50.5 48.3
1964 50.5 48.4
1963 50.6 48.4
1962 50.7 48.2
1961 50.8 48
1960 50.8 47.9

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/mali/togo | CC BY

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 40 in Mali and 31.1 in Togo, compared with 50.8 and 47.9, respectively, in 1960.

Birth rate data compared

Mali Togo
Fertility rate 5.61 4.19
Fertility rate rank 6/196 21/196
Birth rate 40 31.1
Birth rate rank 6/196 26/196
Population change due to births and deaths +746,398 +218,093
Natural population change rank 26/196 57/196
Natural population change rate +3.14% +2.34%
Population growth +2.98% +2.27%
Population growth rank 15/197 40/197
Age at first childbirth 19.2 years 25 years
Average age at childbearing 28.8 years 28.9 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 133.2 77
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 243.6 194.7
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 88.4 61.1
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 22.6% 24.2%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 16.4% 21.4%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 67.3% 69.4%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.37% 0.35%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 3.24% 2.31%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 5.76% 3.59%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age 9.13% 5.83%
Life expectancy 61.1 years 63.3 years

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Mali
Factual

UN forecast
Togo
Factual

UN forecast
1x
Year Young
Mali Togo
2100 22.4% 23.1%
2099 22.6% 23.2%
2098 22.8% 23.4%
2097 23% 23.6%
2096 23.1% 23.7%
2095 23.3% 23.9%
2094 23.5% 24%
2093 23.7% 24.2%
2092 23.9% 24.4%
2091 24.1% 24.5%
2090 24.3% 24.7%
2089 24.5% 24.9%
2088 24.8% 25%
2087 25% 25.2%
2086 25.2% 25.4%
2085 25.5% 25.6%
2084 25.7% 25.8%
2083 25.9% 25.9%
2082 26.2% 26.1%
2081 26.5% 26.3%
2080 26.7% 26.5%
2079 27% 26.7%
2078 27.3% 26.9%
2077 27.6% 27.1%
2076 27.9% 27.3%
2075 28.1% 27.4%
2074 28.4% 27.6%
2073 28.7% 27.8%
2072 29% 28%
2071 29.3% 28.2%
2070 29.6% 28.4%
2069 30% 28.6%
2068 30.3% 28.7%
2067 30.6% 28.9%
2066 30.9% 29.1%
2065 31.2% 29.3%
2064 31.6% 29.6%
2063 31.9% 29.8%
2062 32.2% 30%
2061 32.6% 30.2%
2060 33% 30.4%
2059 33.3% 30.7%
2058 33.7% 30.9%
2057 34.1% 31.2%
2056 34.4% 31.4%
2055 34.8% 31.7%
2054 35.2% 31.9%
2053 35.7% 32.1%
2052 36.1% 32.4%
2051 36.5% 32.6%
2050 36.9% 32.9%
2049 37.3% 33.1%
2048 37.8% 33.4%
2047 38.2% 33.6%
2046 38.6% 33.8%
2045 39% 34%
2044 39.4% 34.3%
2043 39.8% 34.5%
2042 40.2% 34.7%
2041 40.6% 34.9%
2040 41% 35.1%
2039 41.3% 35.3%
2038 41.6% 35.5%
2037 42% 35.7%
2036 42.3% 36%
2035 42.6% 36.2%
2034 42.9% 36.5%
2033 43.2% 36.8%
2032 43.5% 37.1%
2031 43.9% 37.4%
2030 44.2% 37.7%
2029 44.5% 38%
2028 44.9% 38.3%
2027 45.3% 38.6%
2026 45.6% 39%
2025 46% 39.3%
2024 46.1% 39.5%
2023 46.5% 39.9%
2022 46.8% 40.2%
2021 47% 40.5%
2020 47.3% 40.7%
2019 47.6% 40.9%
2018 47.8% 41.1%
2017 47.9% 41.2%
2016 48% 41.4%
2015 48% 41.5%
2014 48% 41.5%
2013 47.9% 41.6%
2012 47.6% 41.6%
2011 47.3% 41.6%
2010 47.1% 41.6%
2009 46.9% 41.5%
2008 46.8% 41.6%
2007 46.6% 41.6%
2006 46.5% 41.8%
2005 46.4% 41.9%
2004 46.4% 42%
2003 46.4% 42.2%
2002 46.4% 42.3%
2001 46.5% 42.4%
2000 46.6% 42.6%
1999 46.7% 42.9%
1998 46.8% 43.2%
1997 47% 43.5%
1996 47% 43.8%
1995 47.1% 44%
1994 47.1% 44.2%
1993 47.1% 44.5%
1992 47.1% 44.7%
1991 47% 44.9%
1990 46.8% 45.2%
1989 46.7% 45.3%
1988 46.4% 45.5%
1987 46% 45.7%
1986 45.7% 45.8%
1985 45.3% 45.9%
1984 45% 46%
1983 44.7% 46.1%
1982 44.5% 46.2%
1981 44.2% 46.2%
1980 43.9% 46.2%
1979 43.6% 46.2%
1978 43.2% 46.1%
1977 43% 46%
1976 42.7% 45.9%
1975 42.4% 45.8%
1974 42.1% 45.6%
1973 41.9% 45.5%
1972 41.7% 45.4%
1971 41.5% 45.2%
1970 41.3% 45.1%
1969 41.2% 45%
1968 41% 44.9%
1967 40.9% 44.8%
1966 40.8% 44.7%
1965 40.7% 44.6%
1964 40.6% 44.5%
1963 40.5% 44.4%
1962 40.4% 44.2%
1961 40.4% 44.1%
1960 40.3% 44%

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/mali/togo | CC BY

Children aged 0-14 make up 46.1% of the population in Mali and 39.5% in Togo in 2024, compared to 46.8% and 45.2% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Mali and Togo compared.

Fertility rates around the globe

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/mali/togo | CC BY

Maternal mortality chart: Mali vs Togo

Mali
Togo
1x
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
Mali Togo
2023 367 349
2022 381 362
2021 415 397
2020 405 398
2019 416 416
2018 434 435
2017 453 443
2016 472 460
2015 490 470
2014 507 490
2013 525 500
2012 549 506
2011 553 501
2010 558 497
2009 565 471
2008 573 457
2007 574 448
2006 568 453
2005 577 434
2004 592 431
2003 616 431
2002 649 447
2001 694 478
2000 741 496
1999 749 529
1998 781 570
1997 820 600
1996 875 627
1995 895 663
1994 935 688
1993 988 728
1992 1,024 692
1991 1,063 676
1990 1,087 657
1989 1,106 644
1988 1,128 628
1987 1,142 636
1986 1,184 649
1985 1,217 668

Data sources: World Bank | Gender (1985–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/mali/togo | CC BY

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 367 deaths per 100,000 live births in Mali, compared to 349 deaths in Togo.

Under-five mortality rates

Mali
Togo

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x
Year Under 5 mortality rate
Mali Togo
2023 9.13% 5.83%
2022 9.4% 6.02%
2021 9.69% 6.22%
2020 10% 6.43%
2019 10.3% 6.63%
2018 10.6% 6.86%
2017 10.9% 7.09%
2016 11.2% 7.32%
2015 11.6% 7.56%
2014 11.9% 7.81%
2013 12.2% 8.07%
2012 12.6% 8.33%
2011 13% 8.59%
2010 13.4% 8.87%
2009 13.8% 9.14%
2008 14.3% 9.41%
2007 14.7% 9.69%
2006 15.2% 9.97%
2005 15.7% 10.3%
2004 16.3% 10.6%
2003 16.9% 10.9%
2002 17.5% 11.3%
2001 18.2% 11.6%
2000 18.8% 12%
1999 19.4% 12.3%
1998 19.9% 12.7%
1997 20.4% 13%
1996 20.8% 13.3%
1995 21.2% 13.6%
1994 21.5% 13.9%
1993 21.9% 14.1%
1992 22.3% 14.3%
1991 22.7% 14.5%
1990 23.1% 14.7%
1989 23.6% 14.9%
1988 24.2% 15.2%
1987 24.8% 15.4%
1986 25.4% 15.7%
1985 26.1% 16%
1984 26.9% 16.3%
1983 27.7% 16.7%
1982 28.5% 17.1%
1981 29.3% 17.5%
1980 30.2% 17.9%
1979 31% 18.3%
1978 31.8% 18.8%
1977 32.7% 19.2%
1976 33.6% 19.7%
1975 34.4% 20.2%
1974 35.2% 20.7%
1973 36% 21.1%
1972 36.7% 21.6%
1971 37.3% 22.1%
1970 38% 22.5%
1969 38.6% 23%
1968 39.2% 23.4%
1967 39.8% 23.8%
1966 40.5% 24.2%
1965 41.2% 24.6%
1964 41.9% 24.9%
1963 42.6% 25.2%
1962 - 25.5%
1961 - 25.8%
1960 - 26%

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/mali/togo | CC BY

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 9.13% in Mali and 5.83% in Togo. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  3. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2025, retrieved 2026-02-20)

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