Fertility & birth rates in Eritrea and Mali

Fertility rate in Eritrea vs Mali by year

Chart Table

Eritrea

Mali

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Eritrea	Mali
2023	3.71	5.61
2022	3.79	5.69
2021	3.87	5.78
2020	3.93	5.85
2019	4	5.89
2018	4.06	6.12
2017	4.11	6.25
2016	4.16	6.32
2015	4.22	6.39
2014	4.27	6.44
2013	4.34	6.49
2012	4.41	6.52
2011	4.49	6.55
2010	4.57	6.58
2009	4.66	6.59
2008	4.74	6.62
2007	4.81	6.65
2006	4.88	6.68
2005	4.93	6.71
2004	5.04	6.74
2003	5.14	6.78
2002	5.23	6.82
2001	5.31	6.85
2000	5.4	6.89
1999	5.52	6.91
1998	5.63	6.94
1997	5.74	6.97
1996	5.84	7.01
1995	5.94	7.05
1994	6.01	7.12
1993	6.07	7.18
1992	6.16	7.24
1991	6.24	7.28
1990	6.34	7.31
1989	6.41	7.33
1988	6.47	7.32
1987	6.52	7.31
1986	6.56	7.31
1985	6.59	7.26
1984	6.62	7.26
1983	6.65	7.28
1982	6.63	7.32
1981	6.62	7.37
1980	6.61	7.37
1979	6.62	7.35
1978	6.61	7.32
1977	6.61	7.3
1976	6.6	7.27
1975	6.59	7.25
1974	6.57	7.23
1973	6.55	7.22
1972	6.54	7.22
1971	6.54	7.2
1970	6.54	7.18
1969	6.5	7.18
1968	6.5	7.16
1967	6.5	7.14
1966	6.5	7.11
1965	6.49	7.08
1964	6.49	7.06
1963	6.48	7.05
1962	6.5	7.04
1961	6.47	7.03
1960	6.48	7.02

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Eritrea was 3.71 children per woman in 2023, compared to 5.61 in Mali in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Eritrea vs Mali population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Eritrea

Mali

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Eritrea	Mali
2023	78,073	746,398
2022	76,221	726,465
2021	74,394	703,674
2020	73,362	683,053
2019	73,572	667,110
2018	72,511	670,723
2017	72,291	661,973
2016	73,002	645,652
2015	73,682	630,006
2014	75,729	614,419
2013	75,562	597,887
2012	76,416	588,748
2011	76,806	570,899
2010	76,098	554,447
2009	76,206	533,730
2008	73,391	514,665
2007	73,101	495,800
2006	74,470	477,665
2005	72,930	460,964
2004	72,147	439,717
2003	66,291	417,766
2002	65,436	396,732
2001	61,180	376,472
2000	60,274	359,159
1999	45,120	343,705
1998	55,332	323,940
1997	63,953	308,429
1996	66,557	293,953
1995	56,157	285,598
1994	56,288	282,356
1993	51,679	274,480
1992	51,443	267,605
1991	57,741	261,656
1990	56,903	252,308
1989	54,299	249,929
1988	54,163	245,682
1987	52,229	238,871
1986	39,470	233,799
1985	37,362	224,734
1984	35,101	218,078
1983	33,420	211,795
1982	44,146	204,892
1981	42,924	198,227
1980	41,392	190,560
1979	39,577	182,449
1978	38,353	172,652
1977	37,295	165,071
1976	36,250	157,778
1975	30,971	150,222
1974	30,111	142,448
1973	31,969	135,801
1972	30,951	129,687
1971	31,490	123,591
1970	30,686	118,952
1969	29,535	114,361
1968	28,777	111,403
1967	27,992	107,650
1966	24,713	103,684
1965	26,285	100,451
1964	25,327	97,166
1963	24,393	95,055
1962	23,478	93,101
1961	22,351	91,115
1960	21,424	88,802

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +2.25% in Eritrea and +3.14% in Mali.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +2.29% in Eritrea and +3.25% in Mali.

Birth rate in Eritrea vs Mali by year

Chart Table

Eritrea

Mali

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Eritrea	Mali
2023	28.5	40
2022	28.7	40.3
2021	28.8	40.7
2020	28.9	41
2019	29.1	41.1
2018	29.2	42.6
2017	29.6	43.4
2016	30.1	43.9
2015	30.6	44.5
2014	31.5	45
2013	31.7	45.5
2012	32.4	46.3
2011	33	46.5
2010	33.5	46.9
2009	34.2	47
2008	34.1	47.2
2007	35	47.4
2006	36.2	47.6
2005	36.4	47.9
2004	37	47.8
2003	35.9	47.6
2002	37.1	47.3
2001	36.4	47.1
2000	38	47.1
1999	38.4	47
1998	39.9	46.4
1997	41.2	46.1
1996	43.3	45.8
1995	39.5	45.9
1994	42.1	46.5
1993	40.9	46.7
1992	42.3	46.9
1991	46.1	47.2
1990	43.3	47
1989	43.9	47.7
1988	44.3	48.2
1987	44.5	48.4
1986	44.7	48.8
1985	44.8	48.8
1984	44.9	49
1983	45	49.4
1982	44.8	50
1981	44.8	50.4
1980	44.8	50.6
1979	44.9	50.7
1978	45.1	50.4
1977	45.4	50.5
1976	45.7	50.6
1975	45.8	50.6
1974	45.9	50.5
1973	46	50.5
1972	46.2	50.4
1971	46.6	50.5
1970	47	50.4
1969	47	50.5
1968	47.3	50.6
1967	47.6	50.6
1966	47.7	50.6
1965	47.8	50.5
1964	47.9	50.5
1963	47.9	50.6
1962	48	50.7
1961	47.8	50.8
1960	47.7	50.8

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 28.5 in Eritrea and 40 in Mali, compared with 47.7 and 50.8, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Eritrea

Factual

UN forecast

Mali

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Eritrea	Mali
2100	19%	22.4%
2099	19.1%	22.6%
2098	19.2%	22.8%
2097	19.4%	23%
2096	19.5%	23.1%
2095	19.6%	23.3%
2094	19.8%	23.5%
2093	19.9%	23.7%
2092	20%	23.9%
2091	20.2%	24.1%
2090	20.3%	24.3%
2089	20.5%	24.5%
2088	20.6%	24.8%
2087	20.8%	25%
2086	21%	25.2%
2085	21.1%	25.5%
2084	21.3%	25.7%
2083	21.5%	25.9%
2082	21.7%	26.2%
2081	22%	26.5%
2080	22.2%	26.7%
2079	22.4%	27%
2078	22.6%	27.3%
2077	22.9%	27.6%
2076	23.1%	27.9%
2075	23.3%	28.1%
2074	23.6%	28.4%
2073	23.8%	28.7%
2072	24%	29%
2071	24.3%	29.3%
2070	24.5%	29.6%
2069	24.7%	30%
2068	25%	30.3%
2067	25.2%	30.6%
2066	25.4%	30.9%
2065	25.6%	31.2%
2064	25.9%	31.6%
2063	26.1%	31.9%
2062	26.3%	32.2%
2061	26.6%	32.6%
2060	26.8%	33%
2059	27.1%	33.3%
2058	27.4%	33.7%
2057	27.6%	34.1%
2056	27.9%	34.4%
2055	28.3%	34.8%
2054	28.6%	35.2%
2053	29%	35.7%
2052	29.3%	36.1%
2051	29.7%	36.5%
2050	30.1%	36.9%
2049	30.5%	37.3%
2048	30.9%	37.8%
2047	31.3%	38.2%
2046	31.7%	38.6%
2045	32.1%	39%
2044	32.5%	39.4%
2043	32.9%	39.8%
2042	33.2%	40.2%
2041	33.6%	40.6%
2040	33.8%	41%
2039	34.1%	41.3%
2038	34.3%	41.6%
2037	34.6%	42%
2036	34.8%	42.3%
2035	34.9%	42.6%
2034	35.1%	42.9%
2033	35.2%	43.2%
2032	35.4%	43.5%
2031	35.6%	43.9%
2030	35.8%	44.2%
2029	36.1%	44.5%
2028	36.4%	44.9%
2027	36.9%	45.3%
2026	37.3%	45.6%
2025	37.9%	46%
2024	38.1%	46.1%
2023	38.7%	46.5%
2022	39.2%	46.8%
2021	39.8%	47%
2020	40.4%	47.3%
2019	41%	47.6%
2018	41.5%	47.8%
2017	41.9%	47.9%
2016	42.1%	48%
2015	42.1%	48%
2014	42%	48%
2013	42%	47.9%
2012	42.1%	47.6%
2011	42.3%	47.3%
2010	42.6%	47.1%
2009	42.7%	46.9%
2008	43%	46.8%
2007	43.3%	46.6%
2006	43.1%	46.5%
2005	42.9%	46.4%
2004	43%	46.4%
2003	43.7%	46.4%
2002	44.4%	46.4%
2001	45%	46.5%
2000	45.2%	46.6%
1999	44.9%	46.7%
1998	44.4%	46.8%
1997	43.7%	47%
1996	42.9%	47%
1995	43.5%	47.1%
1994	44.4%	47.1%
1993	44.5%	47.1%
1992	44.7%	47.1%
1991	44.6%	47%
1990	44.5%	46.8%
1989	44.3%	46.7%
1988	44.2%	46.4%
1987	44%	46%
1986	44%	45.7%
1985	44.1%	45.3%
1984	44.2%	45%
1983	44.4%	44.7%
1982	44.4%	44.5%
1981	44.4%	44.2%
1980	44.4%	43.9%
1979	44.4%	43.6%
1978	44.3%	43.2%
1977	44.3%	43%
1976	44.2%	42.7%
1975	44.1%	42.4%
1974	44.1%	42.1%
1973	44%	41.9%
1972	43.8%	41.7%
1971	43.6%	41.5%
1970	43.3%	41.3%
1969	43%	41.2%
1968	42.8%	41%
1967	42.4%	40.9%
1966	42.1%	40.8%
1965	41.8%	40.7%
1964	41.6%	40.6%
1963	41.5%	40.5%
1962	41.4%	40.4%
1961	41.4%	40.4%
1960	41.5%	40.3%

Children aged 0-14 make up 38.1% of the population in Eritrea and 46.1% in Mali in 2024, compared to 44.5% and 46.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Eritrea and Mali compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Eritrea vs Mali

Chart Table

Eritrea

Mali

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Eritrea	Mali
2023	291	367
2022	301	381
2021	338	415
2020	334	405
2019	351	416
2018	363	434
2017	379	453
2016	395	472
2015	413	490
2014	430	507
2013	443	525
2012	458	549
2011	478	553
2010	498	558
2009	515	565
2008	530	573
2007	541	574
2006	555	568
2005	567	577
2004	588	592
2003	588	616
2002	636	649
2001	651	694
2000	741	741
1999	734	749
1998	865	781
1997	817	820
1996	878	875
1995	854	895
1994	998	935
1993	1,040	988
1992	1,149	1,024
1991	1,384	1,063
1990	1,352	1,087
1989	1,473	1,106
1988	1,499	1,128
1987	1,555	1,142
1986	1,625	1,184
1985	1,678	1,217

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 291 deaths per 100,000 live births in Eritrea, compared to 367 deaths in Mali.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Eritrea

Mali

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Eritrea	Mali
2023	3.54%	9.13%
2022	3.66%	9.4%
2021	3.79%	9.69%
2020	3.91%	10%
2019	4.03%	10.3%
2018	4.17%	10.6%
2017	4.32%	10.9%
2016	4.46%	11.2%
2015	4.61%	11.6%
2014	4.78%	11.9%
2013	4.94%	12.2%
2012	5.12%	12.6%
2011	5.31%	13%
2010	5.5%	13.4%
2009	5.71%	13.8%
2008	5.94%	14.3%
2007	6.19%	14.7%
2006	6.46%	15.2%
2005	6.75%	15.7%
2004	7.05%	16.3%
2003	7.38%	16.9%
2002	7.73%	17.5%
2001	8.11%	18.2%
2000	8.53%	18.8%
1999	10.9%	19.4%
1998	9.51%	19.9%
1997	10.1%	20.4%
1996	10.8%	20.8%
1995	11.5%	21.2%
1994	12.3%	21.5%
1993	13.1%	21.9%
1992	13.9%	22.3%
1991	14.7%	22.7%
1990	15.4%	23.1%
1989	16%	23.6%
1988	16.6%	24.2%
1987	17.1%	24.8%
1986	25.6%	25.4%
1985	26.2%	26.1%
1984	27.2%	26.9%
1983	27.8%	27.7%
1982	18.8%	28.5%
1981	19.1%	29.3%
1980	19.4%	30.2%
1979	19.7%	31%
1978	20%	31.8%
1977	20.4%	32.7%
1976	20.8%	33.6%
1975	25%	34.4%
1974	25.6%	35.2%
1973	-	36%
1972	-	36.7%
1971	-	37.3%
1970	-	38%
1969	-	38.6%
1968	-	39.2%
1967	-	39.8%
1966	-	40.5%
1965	-	41.2%
1964	-	41.9%
1963	-	42.6%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 3.54% in Eritrea and 9.13% in Mali. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.