Fertility & birth rates in Gambia and Mali

Fertility rate in Gambia vs Mali by year

Chart Table

Gambia

Mali

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Gambia	Mali
2023	4.01	5.61
2022	4.08	5.69
2021	4.17	5.78
2020	4.25	5.85
2019	4.33	5.89
2018	4.42	6.12
2017	4.61	6.25
2016	4.81	6.32
2015	5	6.39
2014	5.2	6.44
2013	5.39	6.49
2012	5.52	6.52
2011	5.54	6.55
2010	5.56	6.58
2009	5.57	6.59
2008	5.63	6.62
2007	5.69	6.65
2006	5.74	6.68
2005	5.71	6.71
2004	5.68	6.74
2003	5.66	6.78
2002	5.66	6.82
2001	5.67	6.85
2000	5.72	6.89
1999	5.77	6.91
1998	5.82	6.94
1997	5.85	6.97
1996	5.93	7.01
1995	5.99	7.05
1994	6.04	7.12
1993	6.03	7.18
1992	6.11	7.24
1991	6.19	7.28
1990	6.25	7.31
1989	6.25	7.33
1988	6.26	7.32
1987	6.3	7.31
1986	6.34	7.31
1985	6.36	7.26
1984	6.39	7.26
1983	6.39	7.28
1982	6.4	7.32
1981	6.4	7.37
1980	6.41	7.37
1979	6.41	7.35
1978	6.42	7.32
1977	6.43	7.3
1976	6.43	7.27
1975	6.43	7.25
1974	6.42	7.23
1973	6.41	7.22
1972	6.37	7.22
1971	6.33	7.2
1970	6.26	7.18
1969	6.25	7.18
1968	6.22	7.16
1967	6.21	7.14
1966	6.18	7.11
1965	6.19	7.08
1964	6.2	7.06
1963	6.2	7.05
1962	6.21	7.04
1961	6.23	7.03
1960	6.25	7.02

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in the Gambia was 4.01 children per woman in 2023, compared to 5.61 in Mali in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check the Gambia vs Mali population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Gambia

Mali

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Gambia	Mali
2023	65,118	746,398
2022	63,634	726,465
2021	62,239	703,674
2020	62,209	683,053
2019	61,701	667,110
2018	60,854	670,723
2017	61,665	661,973
2016	62,358	645,652
2015	62,832	630,006
2014	63,185	614,419
2013	63,510	597,887
2012	62,745	588,748
2011	60,571	570,899
2010	58,554	554,447
2009	56,575	533,730
2008	55,032	514,665
2007	53,653	495,800
2006	52,335	477,665
2005	50,010	460,964
2004	48,276	439,717
2003	46,473	417,766
2002	45,156	396,732
2001	44,154	376,472
2000	43,249	359,159
1999	42,533	343,705
1998	41,842	323,940
1997	40,742	308,429
1996	40,253	293,953
1995	39,681	285,598
1994	38,880	282,356
1993	37,302	274,480
1992	35,951	267,605
1991	34,584	261,656
1990	33,163	252,308
1989	31,504	249,929
1988	29,938	245,682
1987	28,452	238,871
1986	27,195	233,799
1985	25,795	224,734
1984	24,586	218,078
1983	23,175	211,795
1982	21,894	204,892
1981	20,156	198,227
1980	19,566	190,560
1979	18,543	182,449
1978	17,424	172,652
1977	16,773	165,071
1976	16,032	157,778
1975	15,256	150,222
1974	14,628	142,448
1973	14,046	135,801
1972	13,432	129,687
1971	12,842	123,591
1970	12,128	118,952
1969	11,670	114,361
1968	11,215	111,403
1967	10,823	107,650
1966	10,422	103,684
1965	10,162	100,451
1964	9,825	97,166
1963	9,493	95,055
1962	9,150	93,101
1961	8,778	91,115
1960	8,420	88,802

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +2.41% in the Gambia and +3.14% in Mali.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +2.59% in the Gambia and +3.25% in Mali.

Birth rate in Gambia vs Mali by year

Chart Table

Gambia

Mali

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Gambia	Mali
2023	30.4	40
2022	30.8	40.3
2021	31.2	40.7
2020	31.5	41
2019	31.9	41.1
2018	32.3	42.6
2017	33.5	43.4
2016	34.6	43.9
2015	35.7	44.5
2014	36.9	45
2013	38.1	45.5
2012	38.8	46.3
2011	38.8	46.5
2010	38.9	46.9
2009	38.9	47
2008	39.2	47.2
2007	39.5	47.4
2006	39.9	47.6
2005	39.7	47.9
2004	39.7	47.8
2003	39.7	47.6
2002	40	47.3
2001	40.5	47.1
2000	41.1	47.1
1999	41.8	47
1998	42.5	46.4
1997	43.2	46.1
1996	44.1	45.8
1995	45.1	45.9
1994	45.9	46.5
1993	46.1	46.7
1992	46.6	46.9
1991	47.2	47.2
1990	47.7	47
1989	47.9	47.7
1988	48.1	48.2
1987	48.5	48.4
1986	48.8	48.8
1985	49	48.8
1984	49.3	49
1983	49	49.4
1982	48.8	50
1981	48.5	50.4
1980	48.2	50.6
1979	47.8	50.7
1978	47.6	50.4
1977	47.5	50.5
1976	47.4	50.6
1975	47.3	50.6
1974	47.3	50.5
1973	47.5	50.5
1972	47.5	50.4
1971	47.6	50.5
1970	47.4	50.4
1969	47.6	50.5
1968	47.9	50.6
1967	48.2	50.6
1966	48.5	50.6
1965	49	50.5
1964	49.4	50.5
1963	49.8	50.6
1962	50	50.7
1961	50.3	50.8
1960	50.4	50.8

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 30.4 in the Gambia and 40 in Mali, compared with 50.4 and 50.8, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Gambia

Factual

UN forecast

Mali

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Gambia	Mali
2100	18.1%	22.4%
2099	18.2%	22.6%
2098	18.3%	22.8%
2097	18.4%	23%
2096	18.5%	23.1%
2095	18.6%	23.3%
2094	18.7%	23.5%
2093	18.9%	23.7%
2092	19%	23.9%
2091	19.1%	24.1%
2090	19.3%	24.3%
2089	19.4%	24.5%
2088	19.6%	24.8%
2087	19.7%	25%
2086	19.9%	25.2%
2085	20%	25.5%
2084	20.2%	25.7%
2083	20.3%	25.9%
2082	20.5%	26.2%
2081	20.6%	26.5%
2080	20.8%	26.7%
2079	21%	27%
2078	21.2%	27.3%
2077	21.3%	27.6%
2076	21.5%	27.9%
2075	21.7%	28.1%
2074	21.9%	28.4%
2073	22.1%	28.7%
2072	22.3%	29%
2071	22.6%	29.3%
2070	22.8%	29.6%
2069	23%	30%
2068	23.2%	30.3%
2067	23.5%	30.6%
2066	23.7%	30.9%
2065	24%	31.2%
2064	24.3%	31.6%
2063	24.5%	31.9%
2062	24.8%	32.2%
2061	25.1%	32.6%
2060	25.4%	33%
2059	25.7%	33.3%
2058	26%	33.7%
2057	26.3%	34.1%
2056	26.7%	34.4%
2055	27%	34.8%
2054	27.3%	35.2%
2053	27.6%	35.7%
2052	28%	36.1%
2051	28.3%	36.5%
2050	28.6%	36.9%
2049	28.9%	37.3%
2048	29.3%	37.8%
2047	29.6%	38.2%
2046	30%	38.6%
2045	30.3%	39%
2044	30.7%	39.4%
2043	31.1%	39.8%
2042	31.5%	40.2%
2041	31.9%	40.6%
2040	32.3%	41%
2039	32.7%	41.3%
2038	33.2%	41.6%
2037	33.6%	42%
2036	34.1%	42.3%
2035	34.5%	42.6%
2034	35%	42.9%
2033	35.4%	43.2%
2032	35.9%	43.5%
2031	36.4%	43.9%
2030	37%	44.2%
2029	37.6%	44.5%
2028	38.2%	44.9%
2027	38.9%	45.3%
2026	39.5%	45.6%
2025	40%	46%
2024	40.2%	46.1%
2023	40.7%	46.5%
2022	41.2%	46.8%
2021	41.6%	47%
2020	42%	47.3%
2019	42.4%	47.6%
2018	42.8%	47.8%
2017	43.1%	47.9%
2016	43.3%	48%
2015	43.6%	48%
2014	43.7%	48%
2013	43.9%	47.9%
2012	44.1%	47.6%
2011	44.3%	47.3%
2010	44.5%	47.1%
2009	44.8%	46.9%
2008	45.1%	46.8%
2007	45.3%	46.6%
2006	45.6%	46.5%
2005	45.9%	46.4%
2004	46.1%	46.4%
2003	46.4%	46.4%
2002	46.6%	46.4%
2001	46.7%	46.5%
2000	46.8%	46.6%
1999	46.9%	46.7%
1998	46.9%	46.8%
1997	46.9%	47%
1996	46.7%	47%
1995	46.5%	47.1%
1994	46.3%	47.1%
1993	46%	47.1%
1992	45.9%	47.1%
1991	45.8%	47%
1990	45.7%	46.8%
1989	45.6%	46.7%
1988	45.5%	46.4%
1987	45.4%	46%
1986	45.2%	45.7%
1985	45%	45.3%
1984	44.9%	45%
1983	44.6%	44.7%
1982	44.3%	44.5%
1981	44%	44.2%
1980	43.7%	43.9%
1979	43.5%	43.6%
1978	43.3%	43.2%
1977	43%	43%
1976	42.8%	42.7%
1975	42.6%	42.4%
1974	42.4%	42.1%
1973	42.3%	41.9%
1972	42.2%	41.7%
1971	42.1%	41.5%
1970	42%	41.3%
1969	41.9%	41.2%
1968	41.8%	41%
1967	41.6%	40.9%
1966	41.5%	40.8%
1965	41.3%	40.7%
1964	41%	40.6%
1963	40.8%	40.5%
1962	40.7%	40.4%
1961	40.8%	40.4%
1960	41%	40.3%

Children aged 0-14 make up 40.2% of the population in the Gambia and 46.1% in Mali in 2024, compared to 45.7% and 46.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of the Gambia and Mali compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Gambia vs Mali

Chart Table

Gambia

Mali

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Gambia	Mali
2023	354	367
2022	365	381
2021	420	415
2020	400	405
2019	422	416
2018	450	434
2017	469	453
2016	490	472
2015	527	490
2014	561	507
2013	606	525
2012	628	549
2011	634	553
2010	632	558
2009	634	565
2008	653	573
2007	675	574
2006	682	568
2005	707	577
2004	719	592
2003	749	616
2002	772	649
2001	794	694
2000	810	741
1999	830	749
1998	867	781
1997	928	820
1996	956	875
1995	999	895
1994	1,039	935
1993	1,072	988
1992	1,115	1,024
1991	1,167	1,063
1990	1,207	1,087
1989	1,258	1,106
1988	1,302	1,128
1987	1,360	1,142
1986	1,401	1,184
1985	1,454	1,217

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 354 deaths per 100,000 live births in the Gambia, compared to 367 deaths in Mali.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Gambia

Mali

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Gambia	Mali
2023	4.41%	9.13%
2022	4.56%	9.4%
2021	4.72%	9.69%
2020	4.89%	10%
2019	5.07%	10.3%
2018	5.27%	10.6%
2017	5.47%	10.9%
2016	5.7%	11.2%
2015	5.93%	11.6%
2014	6.18%	11.9%
2013	6.45%	12.2%
2012	6.73%	12.6%
2011	7.01%	13%
2010	7.31%	13.4%
2009	7.64%	13.8%
2008	7.98%	14.3%
2007	8.33%	14.7%
2006	8.71%	15.2%
2005	9.11%	15.7%
2004	9.52%	16.3%
2003	9.95%	16.9%
2002	10.4%	17.5%
2001	10.9%	18.2%
2000	11.3%	18.8%
1999	11.8%	19.4%
1998	12.3%	19.9%
1997	12.8%	20.4%
1996	13.3%	20.8%
1995	13.9%	21.2%
1994	14.4%	21.5%
1993	14.9%	21.9%
1992	15.5%	22.3%
1991	16%	22.7%
1990	16.6%	23.1%
1989	17.2%	23.6%
1988	17.8%	24.2%
1987	18.4%	24.8%
1986	19.1%	25.4%
1985	19.7%	26.1%
1984	20.4%	26.9%
1983	21%	27.7%
1982	21.7%	28.5%
1981	22.3%	29.3%
1980	23%	30.2%
1979	23.6%	31%
1978	24.2%	31.8%
1977	24.9%	32.7%
1976	25.5%	33.6%
1975	26.2%	34.4%
1974	26.9%	35.2%
1973	27.5%	36%
1972	28.2%	36.7%
1971	28.9%	37.3%
1970	29.5%	38%
1969	30.2%	38.6%
1968	30.9%	39.2%
1967	31.5%	39.8%
1966	32.1%	40.5%
1965	32.8%	41.2%
1964	33.5%	41.9%
1963	34.1%	42.6%
1962	34.8%	-
1961	35.5%	-
1960	36.2%	-

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 4.41% in the Gambia and 9.13% in Mali. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.