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Economy of Belize vs Italy compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Belize has a GDP of $3.33B compared to $2.55T for Italy, ranking 170/197 and 9/197 by economy size, respectively.

Belize has $2.26B in government debt (67.9% of GDP), compared to $3.5T (137.1% of GDP) in Italy.

Belize vs Italy GDP by year

Belize
Italy
1x
Year GDP, current $
Belize Italy
2025 $3,326,500,000 $2,551,556,954,100
2024 $3,203,631,800 $2,383,435,562,458
2023 $3,052,362,650 $2,316,882,296,366
2022 $2,846,604,350 $2,104,067,630,319
2021 $2,428,606,250 $2,179,207,773,596
2020 $2,047,284,600 $1,907,481,094,079
2019 $2,381,187,850 $2,019,606,796,584
2018 $2,285,915,050 $2,099,435,266,459
2017 $2,266,028,250 $1,970,720,904,585
2016 $2,239,604,950 $1,887,111,188,177
2015 $2,193,095,150 $1,845,428,048,839
2014 $2,138,242,200 $2,173,255,507,986
2013 $2,035,191,450 $2,153,225,581,941
2012 $1,917,083,500 $2,097,929,495,122
2011 $1,831,576,700 $2,306,974,020,278
2010 $1,748,988,400 $2,144,936,254,535
2009 $1,688,012,750 $2,209,484,319,013
2008 $1,738,453,600 $2,417,508,414,187
2007 $1,706,190,450 $2,222,524,108,128
2006 $1,590,463,100 $1,958,563,654,386
2005 $1,474,298,400 $1,864,982,261,287
2004 $1,400,202,000 $1,812,808,753,295
2003 $1,308,280,250 $1,582,930,016,539
2002 $1,243,912,050 $1,281,746,271,196
2001 $1,172,045,150 $1,172,041,488,806
2000 $1,138,138,100 $1,149,661,363,439
1999 $999,713,050 $1,255,004,736,464
1998 $929,047,000 $1,272,729,786,997
1997 $872,916,050 $1,244,988,176,444
1996 $850,339,100 $1,314,776,508,972
1995 $818,590,250 $1,177,369,428,266
1994 $771,838,000 $1,101,750,159,702
1993 $752,255,150 $1,067,412,587,671
1992 $695,741,150 $1,323,204,350,354
1991 $596,682,100 $1,249,092,439,519
1990 $546,750,912 $1,183,945,130,899
1989 $491,100,000 $930,801,709,004
1988 $421,450,000 $893,663,934,841
1987 $371,100,000 $807,570,134,449
1986 $311,500,000 $641,862,313,287
1985 $287,300,000 $453,259,761,687
1984 $290,350,000 $438,896,930,791
1983 $262,150,000 $444,063,496,940
1982 $248,550,000 $428,257,421,618
1981 $260,750,000 $431,695,533,981
1980 $257,400,000 $478,356,755,596
1979 $151,800,000 $394,584,507,108
1978 $136,300,000 $315,784,469,541
1977 $117,650,000 $258,190,019,750
1976 $97,094,227 $225,235,205,862
1975 $118,194,026 $228,220,643,535
1974 $103,160,450 $200,024,444,775
1973 $78,214,768 $175,896,529,392
1972 $65,998,069 $145,594,833,997
1971 $59,074,687 $124,959,712,859
1970 $53,339,893 $113,656,669,765
1969 $47,399,905 $100,996,667,239
1968 $44,999,910 $91,485,448,148
1967 $47,431,256 $84,401,995,573
1966 $44,450,044 $76,622,444,787
1965 $40,110,040 $70,717,012,186
1964 $36,194,586 $65,720,771,779
1963 $33,750,114 $60,035,924,618
1962 $31,857,592 $52,413,872,628
1961 $29,965,000 $46,649,487,320
1960 $28,072,478 $42,012,422,612

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/italy | CC BY

GDP per capita in Belize vs Italy by year

Belize
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Italy
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Belize Italy
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $7,865 - $43,309 -
2024 $7,681 $14,347 $40,430 $62,014
2023 $7,425 $13,730 $39,280 $60,030
2022 $7,068 $13,461 $35,654 $57,261
2021 $6,143 $11,716 $36,853 $49,825
2020 $5,239 $9,639 $32,091 $44,436
2019 $6,172 $10,500 $33,813 $46,662
2018 $6,012 $9,497 $35,062 $43,387
2017 $6,072 $9,121 $32,844 $42,142
2016 $6,141 $9,399 $31,392 $40,483
2015 $6,155 $9,538 $30,640 $37,384
2014 $6,128 $9,490 $36,028 $36,666
2013 $5,957 $9,526 $35,702 $36,459
2012 $5,733 $9,303 $34,854 $36,281
2011 $5,596 $9,722 $38,432 $36,392
2010 $5,461 $9,748 $35,857 $34,974
2009 $5,400 $9,728 $37,100 $34,502
2008 $5,712 $9,975 $40,829 $35,422
2007 $5,762 $10,226 $37,826 $34,108
2006 $5,525 $9,910 $33,537 $32,454
2005 $5,270 $9,466 $32,063 $30,138
2004 $5,154 $9,245 $31,348 $29,581
2003 $4,960 $8,850 $27,578 $29,249
2002 $4,859 $8,154 $22,451 $28,833
2001 $4,719 $7,852 $20,570 $28,134
2000 $4,727 $7,544 $20,190 $27,152
1999 $4,290 $6,790 $22,050 $25,655
1998 $4,126 $6,333 $22,365 $25,075
1997 $4,014 $6,243 $21,884 $23,937
1996 $4,043 $6,087 $23,123 $23,101
1995 $4,010 $6,091 $20,712 $22,446
1994 $3,877 $6,073 $19,382 $21,369
1993 $3,860 $6,075 $18,782 $20,485
1992 $3,643 $5,706 $23,297 $20,196
1991 $3,190 $5,053 $22,007 $19,596
1990 $2,986 $4,467 $20,874 $18,680
1989 $2,742 - $16,424 -
1988 $2,406 - $15,781 -
1987 $2,166 - $14,268 -
1986 $1,859 - $11,341 -
1985 $1,754 - $8,009 -
1984 $1,814 - $7,758 -
1983 $1,677 - $7,851 -
1982 $1,629 - $7,574 -
1981 $1,753 - $7,640 -
1980 $1,774 - $8,476 -
1979 $1,071 - $7,006 -
1978 $983 - $5,623 -
1977 $866 - $4,614 -
1976 $729 - $4,042 -
1975 $906 - $4,116 -
1974 $805 - $3,629 -
1973 $619 - $3,213 -
1972 $529 - $2,677 -
1971 $481 - $2,311 -
1970 $442 - $2,112 -
1969 $402 - $1,886 -
1968 $392 - $1,718 -
1967 $426 - $1,595 -
1966 $412 - $1,459 -
1965 $383 - $1,357 -
1964 $356 - $1,272 -
1963 $342 - $1,171 -
1962 $332 - $1,030 -
1961 $320 - $923 -
1960 $307 - $837 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/italy | CC BY

Belize's GDP per capita is $7,865, ranking 99/197, compared to $43,309 in Italy, ranking 29/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Belize ranks 117th at $14,347, while Italy ranks 31st at $62,014.

Economic indicators

Belize Italy
Gross domestic product
$3.33B
2025
$2.55T
2025
GDP rank
170/197
2025
9/197
2025
GDP growth
2.75%
2024-2025
0.54%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$7,865
2025
$43,309
2025
GDP per capita rank
99/197
2025
29/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$14,347
2024
$62,014
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
117/197
2024
31/197
2024
Government debt
$2.26B
2025
$3.5T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
67.9%
2025
137.1%
2025
Government debt per person
$5,339
2025
$59,371
2025
Government debt per person rank
81/185
2025
6/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$5,278
2026
$23,424
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$587B
2014
Number of millionaires n/a
1,235,000
2026
Number of billionaires
1
2026
89
2026
Income share by richest 10%
30%
2018
25.8%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.2%
2018
2.3%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
25.9%
2025
51.1%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
1.1%
2024-2025
1.53%
2024-2025
Unemployment rate
29.3%
2020
6.1%
2025
Population
431659
58708169

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Belize
Spending

Debt
Italy
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Belize Italy
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 25.9% 67.9% 51.1% 137.1%
2024 26.8% 65.4% 50.4% 134.7%
2023 25.8% 67.5% 53.6% 133.9%
2022 23.4% 66.8% 54.9% 138.4%
2021 25.7% 82.2% 56% 145.8%
2020 33.2% 103% 56.8% 154.4%
2019 27.5% 78.6% 48.4% 133.9%
2018 26.9% 79% 48.3% 134.2%
2017 27.7% 78.1% 48.8% 133.7%
2016 27.7% 70.5% 49% 134.2%
2015 27.9% 65.1% 50.2% 134.8%
2014 24.8% 61.5% 50.7% 134.8%
2013 23.8% 62.8% 50.9% 131.9%
2012 22.1% 63.1% 50.5% 125.9%
2011 23.5% 66.2% 49% 119.1%
2010 23.3% 68.4% 49.8% 118.8%
2009 23.2% 69.7% 51.1% 116.1%
2008 21.8% 64.7% 47.8% 105.8%
2007 22.1% 66.4% 46.6% 103.5%
2006 21.2% 71.4% 47.6% 106.3%
2005 21.4% 72.7% 47.1% 106.2%
2004 21.7% 70.7% 46.7% 104.7%
2003 24.6% 67.2% 47% 105.1%
2002 24.4% 53.2% 46.5% 105.9%
2001 25.9% 49.5% 47.1% 108.5%
2000 23.2% 79% 46.4% 108.7%
1999 23.6% 41.5% 47.1% 113.1%
1998 20.9% 38.7% 48% 113.9%
1997 19.9% 39.4% 49.3% 116.5%
1996 19.9% 38.4% 51.3% 118.9%
1995 - - 51.4% 119.1%
1994 - - 55.1% 130.8%
1993 - - 57.8% 124.1%
1992 - - 56.8% 113%
1991 - - 55.3% 105.3%
1990 - - 54.2% 101.7%
1989 - - 51.6% 91.8%
1988 - - 50.4% 89.2%
1987 - - 49.8% 87.4%
1986 - - 50.5% 83.4%
1985 - - 49.8% 79.1%
1984 - - 49.1% 73.1%
1983 - - 48.9% 67.8%
1982 - - 46.7% 61.8%
1981 - - 44.6% 57.3%
1980 - - 40.8% 55.1%
1979 - - 40.1% 58.9%
1978 - - 40.9% 59.9%
1977 - - 38.5% 56%
1976 - - 38.1% 57.3%
1975 - - 39.1% 57.9%
1974 - - 34.8% 50.8%
1973 - - 35.3% 51.1%
1972 - - 36.4% 48.2%
1971 - - 34.4% 42.4%
1970 - - 32.3% 37.8%
1969 - - 32.1% 37%
1968 - - 32.6% 36.4%
1967 - - 17.9% 33.3%
1966 - - 19.1% 33.4%
1965 - - 18.6% 28.4%
1964 - - 18.2% 27.2%
1963 - - 16.7% 27.2%
1962 - - 17.5% 29%
1961 - - 17.3% 30%
1960 - - 16.5% 31.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/italy | CC BY

In 2025, Belize's government spending was $861M, accounting for 25.9% of its GDP, while Italy spent $1.3T, or 51.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 67.9% in Belize and 137.1% in Italy, ranking 61/185 and 9/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Belize

Italy
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Belize Italy
2025 -0.96% -3.11%
2024 -1.52% -3.35%
2023 -2.42% -7.13%
2022 -1.04% -8.1%
2021 -3.29% -8.88%
2020 -8.57% -9.38%
2019 -2.9% -1.45%
2018 -1.37% -2.19%
2017 -3.48% -2.51%
2016 -4.47% -2.4%
2015 -5.14% -2.46%
2014 -1.72% -2.82%
2013 -1.21% -2.87%
2012 -0.22% -2.99%
2011 -1.06% -3.52%
2010 -1.9% -4.16%
2009 -2.46% -5.06%
2008 1.25% -2.58%
2007 -0.19% -1.33%
2006 -2.27% -3.61%
2005 -3.7% -4.1%
2004 -4.52% -3.46%
2003 -8.41% -3.23%
2002 -5.41% -2.88%
2001 -7.23% -3.18%
2000 -6.68% -2.42%
1999 -6.51% -1.77%
1998 -2.69% -2.99%
1997 -1.81% -2.98%
1996 -1.76% -6.61%
1995 - -7.2%
1994 - -8.84%
1993 - -9.76%
1992 - -10.1%
1991 - -11.1%
1990 - -11.1%
1989 - -11.4%
1988 - -11%
1987 - -11.5%
1986 - -12%
1985 - -12.4%
1984 - -11.5%
1983 - -10.1%
1982 - -10%
1981 - -10.9%
1980 - -6.97%
1979 - -8.23%
1978 - -8.47%
1977 - -6.96%
1976 - -7.88%
1975 - -10.3%
1974 - -6.24%
1973 - -6.36%
1972 - -6.84%
1971 - -4.71%
1970 - -3.22%
1969 - -2.85%
1968 - -2.55%
1967 - -0.97%
1966 - -1.59%
1965 - -2.67%
1964 - -2.35%
1963 - -0.3%
1962 - -0.95%
1961 - -0.57%
1960 - -0.28%
1959 - -1%
1958 - -0.98%
1957 - -1.09%
1956 - -1.46%
1955 - -2.03%
1954 - -1.84%
1953 - -2.33%
1952 - -4.08%
1951 - -3.86%
1950 - -2.42%
1949 - -2.82%
1948 - -4.58%
1947 - -6.62%
1946 - -9.82%
1945 - -16.9%
1944 - -35.1%
1943 - -16.1%
1942 - -26.9%
1941 - -25.1%
1940 - -24.3%
1939 - -9.49%
1938 - -5.97%
1937 - -5.78%
1936 - -7.93%
1935 - -9.83%
1934 - -2.5%
1933 - -4.85%
1932 - -3.06%
1931 - -2.14%
1930 - -0.55%
1929 - -0.59%
1928 - -2.09%
1927 - -1.71%
1926 - -0.09%
1925 - 1.7%
1924 - 1.19%
1923 - -3.21%
1922 - -11%
1921 - -7.77%
1920 - -5.89%
1919 - -11.2%
1918 - -22.7%
1917 - -27.6%
1916 - -28.2%
1915 - -25.8%
1914 - -12.4%
1913 - -0.86%
1912 - -1.86%
1911 - -0.63%
1910 - -0.32%
1909 - -0.69%
1908 - -1.31%
1907 - -0.51%
1906 - -0.69%
1905 - -1.57%
1904 - 0.58%
1903 - 0.32%
1902 - 0.48%
1901 - 0.36%
1900 - 0.28%
1899 - -0.11%
1898 - -0.21%
1897 - 0.009%
1896 - -0.43%
1895 - -0.69%
1894 - -0.23%
1893 - -0.49%
1892 - -0.25%
1891 - -1.41%
1890 - -0.32%
1889 - -1.32%
1888 - -2.11%
1887 - -1.94%
1886 - -0.5%
1885 - 0.2%
1884 - -1.46%
1883 - -0.51%
1882 - -0.5%
1881 - -0.04%
1880 - 0.38%
1879 - 0.73%
1878 - 0.09%
1877 - -0.009%
1876 - -0.05%
1875 - 0.58%
1874 - -0.08%
1873 - 0.21%
1872 - 0%
1871 - -0.13%
1870 - -0.82%
1869 - 0.33%
1868 - -0.79%
1867 - -1.45%
1866 - -3.1%
1865 - -2.72%
1864 - -3.06%
1863 - -4.16%
1862 - -3.96%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1862–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/italy | CC BY

In 2025, Belize's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $31.9M, equivalent to 0.96% of GDP. This compares to Italy's deficit of $79.4B, or 3.11% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Belize recorded a fiscal deficit in 29 of those years, while Italy ran a deficit in 30 years. On average, Belize posted an annual deficit equal to 3.12% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.78% of GDP for Italy.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Belize

Italy
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Belize Italy
2025 1.1% 1.53%
2024 3.3% 0.98%
2023 4.4% 5.62%
2022 6.3% 8.2%
2021 3.2% 1.87%
2020 0.1% -0.14%
2019 0.2% 0.61%
2018 0.3% 1.14%
2017 1.1% 1.23%
2016 0.7% -0.09%
2015 -0.9% 0.04%
2014 1.2% 0.24%
2013 0.5% 1.22%
2012 1.2% 3.04%
2011 1.7% 2.78%
2010 0.9% 1.53%
2009 -1.1% 0.77%
2008 6.4% 3.35%
2007 2.3% 1.83%
2006 4.2% 2.09%
2005 3.7% 1.99%
2004 3.1% 2.21%
2003 2.6% 2.67%
2002 2.2% 2.47%
2001 1.1% 2.79%
2000 0.6% 2.54%
1999 -1.2% 1.66%
1998 -0.8% 1.96%
1997 1% 2.04%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/italy | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Belize has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.7%, compared with 2.01% in Italy. In 2025, inflation was 1.1% in Belize and 1.53% in Italy.

Top exports between countries

Belize
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3.28M
Chemicals & pharma $339K
Raw agricultural goods $26K
Metals $10K
Machinery & equipment $5K
Miscellaneous $1K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K
Wood & paper products $1K
Italy
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $937K
Textiles & consumer goods $703K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $686K
Precious metals & jewellery $380K
Metals $263K
Raw materials & minerals $178K
Wood & paper products $176K
Chemicals & pharma $128K
Raw agricultural goods $8K
Miscellaneous $6K

Balance of trade

Belize Italy
Current account balance
-$92.3M
2025
$29.3B
2025
Current account balance ranking
80/190
2025
19/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.77%
2025
+1.15%
2025
Goods imports
$1.38B
2025
$597B
2025
Goods exports
$443M
2025
$655B
2025
Service imports
$352M
2025
$177B
2025
Service exports
$1.21B
2025
$168B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.7%
2024
30.3%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
55.2%
2024
32.2%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Belize Italy
Economic freedom 64.7 63.3
Economic freedom ranking 71/197 80/197
Property rights 46.3 84.8
Government integrity 46.2 60.8
Judicial effectiveness 73.9 80.9
Tax burden 81.8 57.5
Government spending 81 15.3
Fiscal health 87.5 17.2
Business freedom 67.2 74.5
Labor freedom 57.6 70.6
Monetary freedom 72.6 79.1
Trade freedom 57.8 79.4
Investment freedom 55 80
Financial freedom 50 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Belize
Italy
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Belize Italy
2026 64.7 63.3
2025 64.2 60.9
2024 61.2 60.1
2023 59.8 62.3
2022 56.6 65.4
2021 57.5 64.9
2020 57.4 63.8
2019 55.4 62.2
2018 57.1 62.5
2017 58.6 62.5
2016 57.4 61.2
2015 56.8 61.7
2014 56.7 60.9
2013 57.3 60.6
2012 61.9 58.8
2011 63.8 60.3
2010 61.5 62.7
2009 63 61.4
2008 63 62.6
2007 63.3 62.8
2006 64.7 62
2005 64.5 64.9
2004 62.8 64.2
2003 63.5 64.3
2002 65.6 63.6
2001 65.9 63
2000 63.3 61.9
1999 60.7 61.6
1998 59.1 59.1
1997 64.3 58.1
1996 61.6 60.8
1995 62.9 61.2

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belize/italy | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Belize is 64.7, ranking 71/197, compared to 63.3 for Italy, ranking 80/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Belize Italy
Services, % of GDP
62.4%
2024
64.5%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
14.6%
2024
22.6%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
7.95%
2024
2.07%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$3.19B
2025
$2.48T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$14,230
2025
$62,870
2025
Total reserves including gold
$559M
2025
$434B
2025
Total reserves ranking
156/177
2025
10/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$1.15M
2025
$22B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$128M
2024
$28.5B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.61M
2024
$45.9B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
4.15%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
52%
2018
20.1%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
19.8%
2024
22.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1862–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.