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Population in Mongolia compared to Spain: Trends, Charts, Rankings

Updated on by Georank

The latest officially reported population of Mongolia was 3,568,978 in 2025 vs 49,355,143 people in Spain in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Mongolia's population is 3,630,744 people compared to 49,323,658 in Spain.

Population statistics:

  • Spain's population is 13.6 times bigger than Mongolia's.
  • Mongolia is ranked the 132nd most populous country in the world, while Spain is the 32nd.
  • The countries together account for 0.64% of the world: 0.04% for Mongolia vs 0.59% for Spain.
  • For the last 10 years, Mongolia has had an average growth rate of +1.71% per year vs +0.55% in Spain.
  • Since 2006, the population of Mongolia has increased from 2.57M people to 3.63M (41.4% growth), while Spain has grown from 44.4M to 49.3M (11.1% growth).

Mongolia vs Spain: population by year and forecast

Mongolia
Factual

Projection
Spain
Factual

Projection
1x
Year Population
Mongolia Spain
2100 5,630,532 34,221,514
2099 5,624,298 34,400,373
2098 5,616,442 34,577,450
2097 5,607,739 34,751,199
2096 5,598,366 34,917,831
2095 5,587,141 35,087,012
2094 5,575,743 35,251,362
2093 5,563,600 35,415,082
2092 5,550,506 35,577,396
2091 5,537,031 35,741,351
2090 5,522,419 35,912,083
2089 5,507,083 36,086,009
2088 5,491,226 36,257,546
2087 5,475,425 36,424,826
2086 5,459,661 36,594,101
2085 5,442,388 36,771,456
2084 5,424,928 36,951,760
2083 5,406,747 37,138,777
2082 5,388,623 37,327,720
2081 5,369,593 37,527,142
2080 5,349,817 37,732,838
2079 5,329,240 37,949,144
2078 5,307,283 38,171,047
2077 5,286,383 38,405,329
2076 5,264,220 38,654,221
2075 5,241,700 38,913,733
2074 5,218,897 39,188,284
2073 5,195,622 39,469,767
2072 5,172,532 39,765,059
2071 5,149,066 40,062,070
2070 5,124,853 40,372,388
2069 5,101,195 40,682,818
2068 5,077,035 41,005,148
2067 5,052,818 41,326,772
2066 5,027,552 41,654,672
2065 5,002,655 41,983,104
2064 4,978,185 42,321,736
2063 4,953,806 42,655,212
2062 4,929,364 42,993,328
2061 4,904,690 43,328,037
2060 4,878,877 43,648,753
2059 4,852,963 43,967,376
2058 4,826,761 44,273,756
2057 4,799,120 44,579,723
2056 4,771,151 44,885,952
2055 4,742,184 45,164,935
2054 4,711,735 45,434,986
2053 4,679,745 45,702,038
2052 4,646,658 45,951,973
2051 4,612,090 46,179,119
2050 4,576,701 46,397,620
2049 4,539,215 46,616,167
2048 4,500,638 46,812,693
2047 4,460,511 47,002,591
2046 4,419,188 47,182,235
2045 4,376,222 47,354,908
2044 4,333,010 47,514,076
2043 4,289,776 47,657,627
2042 4,245,757 47,801,904
2041 4,201,838 47,936,819
2040 4,158,320 48,066,825
2039 4,115,023 48,190,225
2038 4,072,646 48,304,880
2037 4,030,644 48,418,168
2036 3,989,867 48,528,778
2035 3,950,239 48,633,960
2034 3,911,316 48,730,594
2033 3,873,353 48,823,356
2032 3,836,311 48,914,944
2031 3,800,027 49,008,735
2030 3,763,374 49,094,273
2029 3,726,490 49,163,780
2028 3,688,767 49,223,677
2027 3,650,012 49,274,441
2026 3,610,395 49,323,658
2025 3,568,978 49,355,143
2024 3,524,788 48,848,840
2023 3,481,145 48,352,528
2022 3,433,748 47,786,102
2021 3,383,741 47,443,821
2020 3,327,204 47,359,424
2019 3,267,673 47,118,501
2018 3,208,189 46,782,011
2017 3,148,917 46,571,232
2016 3,088,856 46,458,139
2015 3,026,864 46,422,303
2014 2,963,113 46,460,733
2013 2,899,011 46,604,197
2012 2,839,705 46,773,055
2011 2,786,317 46,742,697
2010 2,738,622 46,576,897
2009 2,691,115 46,362,946
2008 2,643,201 45,954,106
2007 2,601,850 45,226,803
2006 2,567,168 44,397,319
2005 2,536,407 43,653,155
2004 2,508,412 42,921,895
2003 2,480,374 42,187,645
2002 2,449,027 41,431,558
2001 2,417,751 40,850,412
2000 2,388,299 40,567,864
1999 2,356,813 40,386,875
1998 2,323,809 40,223,509
1997 2,291,750 40,057,389
1996 2,259,507 39,889,852
1995 2,224,945 39,724,050
1994 2,189,395 39,549,108
1993 2,165,130 39,361,262
1992 2,167,790 39,157,685
1991 2,165,342 38,966,376
1990 2,098,710 38,867,322
1989 2,124,185 38,827,764
1988 2,076,322 38,766,939
1987 2,022,800 38,684,815
1986 1,970,965 38,584,624
1985 1,921,514 38,469,512
1984 1,874,349 38,330,364
1983 1,829,092 38,171,525
1982 1,785,364 37,986,012
1981 1,742,857 37,758,631
1980 1,701,335 37,491,165
1979 1,660,659 37,191,330
1978 1,619,468 36,864,898
1977 1,576,245 36,511,638
1976 1,531,945 36,137,812
1975 1,488,296 35,757,900
1974 1,446,050 35,373,335
1973 1,405,502 34,988,947
1972 1,366,821 34,604,469
1971 1,330,071 34,224,490
1970 1,295,272 33,814,531
1969 1,262,284 33,441,054
1968 1,229,930 33,113,134
1967 1,196,996 32,682,947
1966 1,163,754 32,283,194
1965 1,131,177 31,954,292
1964 1,100,234 31,609,195
1963 1,071,362 31,296,651
1962 1,041,444 31,023,366
1961 1,009,284 30,739,250
1960 977,595 30,455,000

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/population/mongolia/spain | CC BY

From 2006 to 2016, the population of Mongolia increased by 521,688 people (a 20.3% growth), while Spain gained 2,060,820 people (a 4.64% growth).

For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Mongolia gained 541,888 people (a 17.5% growth), while Spain's population increased by 2,865,519 people (a 6.17% growth).

Mongolia was ranked 137th most populous country in 2006 and is 132nd in 2026. Spain was ranked 28th in 2006 and ranked 32nd now.

The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Mongolia's population will grow by 26.1% to 4,576,701 people with a rank change from 132nd to 130th. The population of Spain will decrease by 5.93% to 46,397,620 people and rank change from 32nd to 46th.

Mongolia is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 5.63M people, while Spain's population already peaked in 2025 at 49.4M people and is projected to decrease to 34.2M people by 2100.

Population growth rate by year

Mongolia
Factual

Projection
Spain
Factual

Projection
1x
Year Growth rate
Mongolia Spain
2100 0.11% -0.52%
2099 0.14% -0.51%
2098 0.16% -0.5%
2097 0.17% -0.48%
2096 0.2% -0.48%
2095 0.2% -0.47%
2094 0.22% -0.46%
2093 0.24% -0.46%
2092 0.24% -0.46%
2091 0.26% -0.48%
2090 0.28% -0.48%
2089 0.29% -0.47%
2088 0.29% -0.46%
2087 0.29% -0.46%
2086 0.32% -0.48%
2085 0.32% -0.49%
2084 0.34% -0.5%
2083 0.34% -0.51%
2082 0.35% -0.53%
2081 0.37% -0.55%
2080 0.39% -0.57%
2079 0.41% -0.58%
2078 0.4% -0.61%
2077 0.42% -0.64%
2076 0.43% -0.67%
2075 0.44% -0.7%
2074 0.45% -0.71%
2073 0.45% -0.74%
2072 0.46% -0.74%
2071 0.47% -0.77%
2070 0.46% -0.76%
2069 0.48% -0.79%
2068 0.48% -0.78%
2067 0.5% -0.79%
2066 0.5% -0.78%
2065 0.49% -0.8%
2064 0.49% -0.78%
2063 0.5% -0.79%
2062 0.5% -0.77%
2061 0.53% -0.73%
2060 0.53% -0.72%
2059 0.54% -0.69%
2058 0.58% -0.69%
2057 0.59% -0.68%
2056 0.61% -0.62%
2055 0.65% -0.59%
2054 0.68% -0.58%
2053 0.71% -0.54%
2052 0.75% -0.49%
2051 0.77% -0.47%
2050 0.83% -0.47%
2049 0.86% -0.42%
2048 0.9% -0.4%
2047 0.94% -0.38%
2046 0.98% -0.36%
2045 1% -0.33%
2044 1.01% -0.3%
2043 1.04% -0.3%
2042 1.05% -0.28%
2041 1.05% -0.27%
2040 1.05% -0.26%
2039 1.04% -0.24%
2038 1.04% -0.23%
2037 1.02% -0.23%
2036 1% -0.22%
2035 1% -0.2%
2034 0.98% -0.19%
2033 0.97% -0.19%
2032 0.95% -0.19%
2031 0.97% -0.17%
2030 0.99% -0.14%
2029 1.02% -0.12%
2028 1.06% -0.1%
2027 1.1% -0.1%
2026 1.16% -0.06%
2025 1.25% 1.04%
2024 1.25% 1.03%
2023 1.38% 1.19%
2022 1.48% 0.72%
2021 1.7% 0.18%
2020 1.82% 0.51%
2019 1.85% 0.72%
2018 1.88% 0.45%
2017 1.94% 0.24%
2016 2.05% 0.08%
2015 2.15% -0.08%
2014 2.21% -0.31%
2013 2.09% -0.36%
2012 1.92% 0.06%
2011 1.74% 0.36%
2010 1.77% 0.46%
2009 1.81% 0.89%
2008 1.59% 1.61%
2007 1.35% 1.87%
2006 1.21% 1.7%
2005 1.12% 1.7%
2004 1.13% 1.74%
2003 1.28% 1.82%
2002 1.29% 1.42%
2001 1.23% 0.7%
2000 1.34% 0.45%
1999 1.42% 0.41%
1998 1.4% 0.41%
1997 1.43% 0.42%
1996 1.55% 0.42%
1995 1.62% 0.44%
1994 1.12% 0.48%
1993 -0.12% 0.52%
1992 0.11% 0.49%
1991 3.17% 0.25%
1990 -1.2% 0.1%
1989 2.31% 0.16%
1988 2.65% 0.21%
1987 2.63% 0.26%
1986 2.57% 0.3%
1985 2.52% 0.36%
1984 2.47% 0.42%
1983 2.45% 0.49%
1982 2.44% 0.6%
1981 2.44% 0.71%
1980 2.45% 0.81%
1979 2.54% 0.89%
1978 2.74% 0.97%
1977 2.89% 1.03%
1976 2.93% 1.06%
1975 2.92% 1.09%
1974 2.88% 1.1%
1973 2.83% 1.11%
1972 2.76% 1.11%
1971 2.69% 1.21%
1970 2.61% 1.12%
1969 2.63% 0.99%
1968 2.75% 1.32%
1967 2.86% 1.24%
1966 2.88% 1.03%
1965 2.81% 1.09%
1964 2.69% 1%
1963 2.87% 0.88%
1962 3.19% 0.92%
1961 3.24% 0.93%

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/population/mongolia/spain | CC BY

In 2025, the population of Mongolia grew by 1.25%, while Spain's population grew by 1.04%.

Live population counters

Mongolia Spain
Current population
3630744
49323658
Population rank 132/197 32/197
Percent of world population 0.04% 0.59%
One net population change
11.9 minutes
1.04 minutes
One birth every
8.82 minutes
1.66 minutes
One death every
27.1 minutes
1.21 minutes
Daily growth/decline +121 +1,387
Annual growth/decline +44,190 +506,303
Annual growth/decline rate +1.25% +1.04%
Population growth rate rank 81/197 98/197
One migration net change every
4.63 days
5.45 minutes
Annual migration change +79 +96,630
Net migration rank 74/196 17/196
Foreign-born residents 22,589 8,870,527
Foreign-born residents rank 169/195 6/195
Foreign-born share of population 0.6% 18.5%
Foreign-born share rank 171/195 32/195

Natural population change vs migration

Mongolia
Natural

Migration
Spain
Natural

Migration
1x
Year Population change
Mongolia Spain
Natural Migration Natural Migration
2025 - 79 - 96,630
2024 40,182 83 -117,237 111,674
2023 46,995 0 -116,046 119,099
2022 47,730 0 -133,801 299,779
2021 52,109 0 -113,865 144,385
2020 60,888 0 -151,551 236,854
2019 61,433 8,660 -56,542 464,783
2018 60,635 7,811 -56,139 337,467
2017 57,940 6,831 -32,600 201,135
2016 62,086 5,633 0 106,474
2015 64,473 4,307 -4,642 -1,979
2014 66,078 2,921 32,522 -97,870
2013 62,618 1,505 37,284 -250,741
2012 55,942 351 51,450 -153,486
2011 50,711 -505 84,137 60,761
2010 44,914 -6,444 102,469 69,406
2009 48,876 -15,007 106,635 129,557
2008 45,843 -17,277 133,267 434,135
2007 39,636 -15,220 108,545 772,317
2006 33,609 -11,934 110,994 659,720
2005 29,290 -8,924 78,576 629,803
2004 28,418 -8,148 85,844 661,158
2003 28,827 -7,986 54,844 658,428
2002 30,439 -8,934 53,861 737,880
2001 32,052 -10,244 44,936 181,307
2000 32,753 -11,241 36,512 176,269
1999 32,283 -13,481 8,077 178,559
1998 31,757 -10,315 4,022 182,926
1997 32,403 -9,132 20,028 165,345
1996 33,741 -8,626 11,967 162,704
1995 34,473 -7,346 15,889 162,434
1994 34,711 -5,449 31,639 160,407
1993 36,924 -5,429 47,234 160,907
1992 42,437 -8,404 62,652 177,544
1991 47,884 -11,427 58,450 122,841
1990 49,443 -11,881 66,075 -30,684
1989 51,420 -9,757 81,538 -25,892
1988 51,588 2,459 100,794 -17,663
1987 51,140 1,855 116,054 -12,681
1986 50,329 354 131,188 -13,540
1985 49,944 -1,719 146,184 -589
1984 48,562 -2,452 172,487 2,754
1983 46,919 -2,522 183,223 1,241
1982 45,179 -2,132 231,714 -7,384
1981 43,588 -1,615 237,879 2,563
1980 42,343 -1,268 281,184 20,166
1979 41,568 -1,296 312,407 -5,929
1978 40,276 1,833 339,157 -2,504
1977 38,995 5,354 361,465 -1,332
1976 37,670 6,577 375,834 2,804
1975 36,490 6,556 371,882 -218
1974 35,297 6,153 396,182 105,838
1973 33,993 5,647 374,381 8,624
1972 32,727 4,999 391,030 7,935
1971 31,536 4,238 369,625 7,363
1970 30,558 3,263 378,723 -60,580
1969 29,781 2,366 367,851 -49,956
1968 29,017 3,535 387,423 -46,088
1967 28,178 5,139 402,001 -42,344
1966 27,338 5,837 397,084 -41,467
1965 26,364 5,610 405,819 -42,476
1964 25,317 4,599 429,885 -41,461
1963 24,142 3,687 394,338 -44,446
1962 22,960 9,049 384,690 -45,211
1961 21,873 10,440 396,537 -46,517
1960 20,726 10,334 398,960 -154,869

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/population/mongolia/spain | CC BY

Over the last 10 years, 94.3% of the population change in Mongolia is from natural causes (a gain of 554,471 people) and 5.67% is from migration (a gain of 33,325 people). In Spain 27.9% is from natural causes (a loss of 782,423 people) and 72.1% is from migration (a gain of 2,019,671 people).

As of 2024, 22,589 residents or 0.6% of the population were not native-born in Mongolia, compared to 8,870,527 people or 18.5% in Spain.

Biggest cities by population

Mongolia
City Population
Ulaanbaatar 1.4M
Bulgan 12.3K
Spain
City Population
Madrid 3.51M
Barcelona 1.73M
Tenerife 955K
Valencia 841K
Zaragoza 693K
Seville 689K
Malaga 599K
Palma de Mallorca 435K
Las Palmas 382K
Alicante 366K

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Population map with other countries

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/population/mongolia/spain | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

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