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Economy of Belgium vs Tanzania compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Belgium has a GDP of $671B compared to $78.8B for Tanzania, ranking 23/197 and 82/197 by economy size, respectively.

Belgium has $703B in government debt (104.7% of GDP), compared to $39.3B (49.9% of GDP) in Tanzania.

Belgium vs Tanzania GDP by year

Belgium
Tanzania
1x
Year GDP, current $
Belgium Tanzania
2024 $671,370,081,636 $78,844,405,385
2023 $651,330,595,110 $79,030,935,627
2022 $591,085,783,326 $75,749,121,843
2021 $598,522,422,242 $70,655,628,148
2020 $529,694,473,502 $66,068,737,786
2019 $536,726,344,405 $61,026,731,926
2018 $542,638,913,428 $57,003,712,892
2017 $500,908,767,352 $53,274,884,533
2016 $474,271,566,740 $49,774,409,374
2015 $461,044,767,545 $47,413,919,817
2014 $537,987,419,164 $49,986,726,461
2013 $524,097,026,599 $45,648,857,242
2012 $498,414,364,945 $39,650,394,363
2011 $527,196,649,049 $34,657,140,096
2010 $481,556,503,720 $32,012,892,919
2009 $485,014,525,992 $29,400,573,554
2008 $517,328,087,920 $27,947,821,398
2007 $470,922,156,309 $21,860,434,823
2006 $408,259,840,869 $18,619,859,795
2005 $385,714,762,230 $18,395,383,647
2004 $369,214,712,443 $16,673,062,473
2003 $318,082,528,507 $15,211,487,709
2002 $258,383,599,375 $14,129,651,896
2001 $236,746,141,604 $13,563,990,022
2000 $236,792,460,312 $13,371,767,082
1999 $258,245,733,221 $12,704,334,196
1998 $258,528,339,631 $12,172,790,056
1997 $252,708,051,421 $11,158,197,942
1996 $279,201,433,225 $9,433,528,150
1995 $288,025,588,396 $7,631,431,840
1994 $244,884,129,491 $6,550,480,484
1993 $224,721,795,709 $6,182,872,708
1992 $234,781,652,447 $6,681,997,469
1991 $210,510,999,409 $7,197,768,159
1990 $205,331,747,948 $6,184,384,225
1989 $164,221,056,511 $6,418,799,007
1988 $162,299,103,675 $7,406,614,407
1987 $149,394,404,106 $7,824,193,222
1986 $120,018,787,249 $10,840,864,521
1985 $86,268,264,148 $15,328,295,175
1984 $83,349,530,159 $12,906,635,133
1983 $87,184,239,053 $14,049,883,809
1982 $92,095,926,188 $13,927,383,240
1981 $104,730,018,470 $13,161,540,378
1980 $126,829,314,388 $11,409,228,087
1979 $116,315,456,797 $9,804,637,491
1978 $101,246,526,194 $9,261,675,710
1977 $82,839,905,459 $7,732,598,995
1976 $71,113,882,968 $6,472,511,988
1975 $65,678,189,097 $5,729,917,840
1974 $56,033,077,879 $4,977,337,978
1973 $47,743,801,490 $4,144,104,535
1972 $37,209,418,019 $3,472,787,266
1971 $29,821,661,870 $3,050,673,517
1970 $26,706,196,047 $2,851,419,386
1969 $24,019,653,475 $5,142,066,811
1968 $21,654,856,965 $4,895,251,824
1967 $20,252,508,995 $4,565,132,048
1966 $18,894,891,312 $4,377,998,825
1965 $17,597,783,297 $3,817,226,546
1964 $16,168,044,450 $3,748,840,925
1963 $14,445,805,381 $3,456,579,293
1962 $13,436,827,167 $3,101,589,993
1961 $12,561,701,694 $2,826,179,031
1960 $11,810,619,368 $2,651,729,807

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/tanzania | CC BY

GDP per capita in Belgium vs Tanzania by year

Belgium
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Tanzania
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Belgium Tanzania
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $56,615 $73,514 $1,150 $4,221
2023 $55,291 $71,946 $1,186 $4,019
2022 $50,606 $69,128 $1,171 $3,800
2021 $51,658 $60,669 $1,125 $3,493
2020 $45,906 $56,120 $1,084 $3,291
2019 $46,717 $56,712 $1,031 $2,982
2018 $47,487 $52,467 $992 $2,728
2017 $44,035 $50,256 $957 $2,472
2016 $41,855 $48,415 $925 $2,435
2015 $40,894 $46,072 $911 $2,317
2014 $47,996 $45,148 $993 $2,221
2013 $46,965 $43,864 $935 $2,176
2012 $44,874 $42,484 $837 $2,083
2011 $47,761 $41,245 $753 $2,211
2010 $44,197 $39,840 $715 $2,069
2009 $44,923 $37,906 $674 $1,972
2008 $48,303 $37,883 $657 $1,908
2007 $44,319 $36,798 $528 $1,820
2006 $38,705 $35,251 $462 $1,707
2005 $36,810 $33,178 $469 $1,598
2004 $35,429 $32,060 $438 $1,482
2003 $30,655 $30,931 $410 $1,379
2002 $25,006 $30,282 $391 $1,302
2001 $23,015 $28,794 $385 $1,229
2000 $23,099 $27,794 $390 $1,164
1999 $25,253 $25,441 $382 $1,120
1998 $25,338 $24,370 $375 $1,082
1997 $24,821 $23,733 $353 $1,059
1996 $27,490 $22,745 $305 $1,026
1995 $28,414 $22,446 $251.2 $981
1994 $24,209 $21,518 $222.5 $958
1993 $22,284 $20,473 $218.2 $959
1992 $23,373 $20,272 $243.4 $955
1991 $21,042 $19,601 $268.8 $952
1990 $20,600 $18,688 $236.9 $925
1989 $16,525 - $252.3 -
1988 $16,391 - $299 -
1987 $15,136 - $326 -
1986 $12,170 - $466 -
1985 $8,751 - $681 -
1984 $8,457 - $593 -
1983 $8,846 - $667 -
1982 $9,344 - $683 -
1981 $10,623 - $665 -
1980 $12,864 - $595 -
1979 $11,811 - $527 -
1978 $10,290 - $515 -
1977 $8,427 - $446 -
1976 $7,243 - $387 -
1975 $6,701 - $355 -
1974 $5,734 - $320 -
1973 $4,901 - $276.1 -
1972 $3,832 - $239.8 -
1971 $3,083 - $218.4 -
1970 $2,766 - $211.3 -
1969 $2,490 - $394 -
1968 $2,251 - $388 -
1967 $2,114 - $374 -
1966 $1,983 - $370 -
1965 $1,860 - $333 -
1964 $1,724 - $337 -
1963 $1,555 - $320 -
1962 $1,457 - $295.7 -
1961 $1,368 - $277.4 -
1960 $1,290 - $267.8 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/tanzania | CC BY

Belgium's GDP per capita is $56,615, ranking 18/197, compared to $1,150 in Tanzania, ranking 170/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Belgium ranks 21st at $73,514, while Tanzania ranks 165th at $4,221.

Economic indicators

Belgium Tanzania
Gross domestic product
$671B
2024
$78.8B
2024
GDP rank
23/197
2024
82/197
2024
GDP growth
1.07%
2023-2024
5.53%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$56,615
2024
$1,150
2024
GDP per capita rank
18/197
2024
170/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,514
2024
$4,221
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
21/197
2024
165/197
2024
Government debt
$703B
2024
$39.3B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
104.7%
2024
49.9%
2024
Government debt per person
$59,278
2024
$573
2024
Government debt per person rank
5/185
2024
160/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,259
2026
$2,309
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$321B
2018
$7.32B
2024
Number of millionaires
549,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
11
2025
1
2025
Income share by richest 10%
22.2%
2023
33.1%
2018
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2023
2.9%
2018
Government expenditure, % of GDP
54.5%
2024
19.1%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.14%
2023-2024
3.06%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
6%
2024
Unemployment rate
5.7%
2024
2.43%
2024
Population
11902714
73145892

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Belgium
Spending

Debt
Tanzania
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Belgium Tanzania
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 54.5% 104.7% 19.1% 49.9%
2023 53.3% 103.2% 19% 47.8%
2022 52.3% 102.7% 19.1% 44.9%
2021 54.9% 108.5% 18.4% 43.4%
2020 58.5% 111.2% 17.4% 41.3%
2019 51.8% 97.6% 17.3% 40.4%
2018 52.5% 100.1% 17.3% 42%
2017 52.3% 102.5% 16.4% 40.1%
2016 53.4% 105.5% 16.9% 39.8%
2015 53.9% 105.6% 17.2% 39.5%
2014 55.4% 106.6% 17.3% 36.4%
2013 55.9% 105% 18.8% 32.7%
2012 56.2% 104.3% 19.6% 30%
2011 55% 102.7% 19% 28.4%
2010 53.9% 100.2% 19.8% 27.6%
2009 54.5% 99.9% 19.6% 23.9%
2008 50.8% 93.2% 18.1% 21.6%
2007 48.6% 87.3% 17.8% 23.8%
2006 48.8% 91.5% 17.6% 17.4%
2005 51.9% 95.1% 18.3% 25.4%
2004 49.3% 97.2% 17% 44.5%
2003 51% 101.7% 15.4% 44.4%
2002 49.9% 105.4% 13.6% 47.4%
2001 49.4% 108.2% 12.4% 50.8%
2000 49.4% 109.6% 12.3% 55.4%
1999 50.5% 115.4% 12.8% 62.9%
1998 51% 119.2% 11.4% 62.2%
1997 51.6% 124.3% 12.8% 73.4%
1996 53.1% 129% 13.4% 89.6%
1995 52.6% 131.3% 15.6% 111.1%
1994 54.7% 137.1% 16.8% 126%
1993 57.1% 138.9% 16.4% 129.2%
1992 55.9% 134.7% 17.6% 117.6%
1991 55.6% 131.8% 14.2% 106.5%
1990 54.4% 130.3% - -
1989 52.3% 126.4% - -
1988 53.9% 129.7% - -
1987 55.8% 129.2% - -
1986 57.6% 124.7% - -
1985 58.4% 119.4% - -
1984 59.1% 114.6% - -
1983 62.2% 110.3% - -
1982 59.6% 99.6% - -
1981 61.5% 89.7% - -
1980 54.9% 76.8% - -
1979 54.8% 69.2% - -
1978 52.8% 65.2% - -
1977 52.2% 61.6% - -
1976 50.4% 61.4% - -
1975 50.2% 59.5% - -
1974 44.5% 61.7% - -
1973 45% 63.7% - -
1972 45% 64.9% - -
1971 43.9% 63.5% - -
1970 42.7% 66.6% - -
1969 26.5% 51.6% - -
1968 26.7% 54.5% - -
1967 25.5% 54.1% - -
1966 25.1% 55.6% - -
1965 23.4% 57.6% - -
1964 22.5% 59.4% - -
1963 23.1% 64.1% - -
1962 22.5% 65.3% - -
1961 22.1% 67.8% - -
1960 23.7% 69.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/tanzania | CC BY

In 2024, Belgium's government spending was $366B, accounting for 54.5% of its GDP, while Tanzania spent $15.1B, or 19.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 104.7% in Belgium and 49.9% in Tanzania, ranking 19/185 and 109/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Belgium

Tanzania
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Belgium Tanzania
2024 -4.52% -3.03%
2023 -4.1% -3.67%
2022 -3.62% -3.92%
2021 -5.4% -3.55%
2020 -9.03% -2.56%
2019 -2.05% -2.06%
2018 -1.05% -2.01%
2017 -0.76% -1.14%
2016 -2.43% -2.08%
2015 -2.48% -3.17%
2014 -3.18% -2.91%
2013 -3.16% -3.76%
2012 -4.35% -4%
2011 -4.44% -3.51%
2010 -4.13% -4.74%
2009 -5.45% -4.46%
2008 -1.1% -1.92%
2007 0.07% -1.44%
2006 0.24% -3.38%
2005 -2.72% -3.28%
2004 -0.24% -2.43%
2003 -1.86% -1.77%
2002 -0.04% -0.73%
2001 0.23% -0.41%
2000 -0.08% -0.73%
1999 -0.65% -1.14%
1998 -1.03% 0.13%
1997 -2.15% -0.03%
1996 -4% 1.57%
1995 -4.51% -2.12%
1994 -5.29% -3.74%
1993 -7.71% -2.02%
1992 -8.42% -4.96%
1991 -7.67% 0.6%
1990 -6.99% -
1989 -7.58% -
1988 -7.28% -
1987 -7.89% -
1986 -9.96% -
1985 -10.1% -
1984 -10.8% -
1983 -14.5% -
1982 -12.3% -
1981 -15.5% -
1980 -9.43% -
1979 -8.33% -
1978 -6.51% -
1977 -6.51% -
1976 -6.61% -
1975 -6.45% -
1974 -3.87% -
1973 -5.02% -
1972 -6.07% -
1971 -4.45% -
1970 -3.51% -
1969 -3.34% -
1968 -3.69% -
1967 -2.76% -
1966 -3.08% -
1965 -2.9% -
1964 -2.27% -
1963 -2.8% -
1962 -2.12% -
1961 -2.34% -
1960 -4.89% -
1959 -5.21% -
1958 -4.33% -
1957 -1.27% -
1956 1.85% -
1955 -1.05% -
1954 2.34% -
1953 0.14% -
1952 -0.26% -
1951 0.59% -
1950 -2.01% -
1949 -2.05% -
1948 -2.29% -
1947 -14.5% -
1946 1.87% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 -5.81% -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 -6.86% -
1938 -5.17% -
1937 -4.71% -
1936 -4.92% -
1935 -5.94% -
1934 -2.78% -
1933 -1.69% -
1932 - -
1931 - -
1930 -2.48% -
1929 - -
1928 - -
1927 3.06% -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 -5.53% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -1.4% -
1912 -1.39% -
1911 -0.92% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 0.13% -
1908 -0.95% -
1907 -0.81% -
1906 -1.35% -
1905 1.23% -
1904 0.004% -
1903 0.08% -
1902 0.22% -
1901 0.55% -
1900 -0.54% -
1899 -1.64% -
1898 -0.28% -
1897 -0.25% -
1896 0.94% -
1895 -0.33% -
1894 0.06% -
1893 0.07% -
1892 0.17% -
1891 -0.005% -
1890 -0.83% -
1889 0.3% -
1888 -0.21% -
1887 -0.12% -
1886 0.54% -
1885 -0.43% -
1884 -0.26% -
1883 -0.54% -
1882 -0.3% -
1881 0.08% -
1880 0.12% -
1879 -1.51% -
1878 -1.78% -
1877 -2.52% -
1876 -0.77% -
1875 -0.88% -
1874 -1.02% -
1873 -2.08% -
1872 -0.7% -
1871 -0.64% -
1870 -0.58% -
1869 -0.35% -
1868 -0.39% -
1867 -0.49% -
1866 -0.87% -
1865 -0.55% -
1864 -0.62% -
1863 -0.72% -
1862 -0.49% -
1861 -0.22% -
1860 -0.13% -
1859 0.1% -
1858 0.35% -
1857 0% -
1856 -0.26% -
1855 -0.28% -
1854 -0.4% -
1853 -0.3% -
1852 -0.44% -
1851 -0.05% -
1850 -0.11% -
1849 0.11% -
1848 -1.41% -
1847 -0.69% -
1846 -0.52% -
1845 -1.17% -
1844 -4.92% -
1843 -0.86% -
1842 -0.89% -
1841 -0.75% -
1840 0.16% -
1839 -0.43% -
1838 0.23% -
1837 -0.11% -
1836 0.18% -
1835 0.27% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/tanzania | CC BY

In 2024, Belgium's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $30.3B, equivalent to 4.52% of GDP. This compares to Tanzania's deficit of $2.39B, or 3.03% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, Belgium recorded a fiscal deficit in 31 of those years, while Tanzania ran a deficit in 31 years. On average, Belgium posted an annual deficit equal to 3.15% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.3% of GDP for Tanzania.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Belgium

Tanzania
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Belgium Tanzania
2024 3.14% 3.06%
2023 4.05% 3.8%
2022 9.6% 4.35%
2021 2.44% 3.69%
2020 0.74% 3.29%
2019 1.44% 3.46%
2018 2.05% 3.49%
2017 2.13% 5.32%
2016 1.97% 5.17%
2015 0.56% 5.59%
2014 0.34% 6.13%
2013 1.11% 7.87%
2012 2.84% 16%
2011 3.53% 12.7%
2010 2.19% 6.2%
2009 -0.05% 12.1%
2008 4.49% 10.3%
2007 1.82% 7.03%
2006 1.79% 7.25%
2005 2.78% 5.03%
2004 2.1% 4.74%
2003 1.59% 5.3%
2002 1.65% 5.32%
2001 2.47% 5.15%
2000 2.54% 5.92%
1999 1.12% 7.89%
1998 0.95% 12.8%
1997 1.63% 16.1%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/tanzania | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Belgium has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.25%, compared with 6.97% in Tanzania. In 2024, inflation was 3.14% in Belgium and 3.06% in Tanzania.

Top exports between countries

Belgium
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $70.7M
Machinery & equipment $34.2M
Raw agricultural goods $24.8M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $10.8M
Wood & paper products $2.27M
Raw materials & minerals $1.69M
Textiles & consumer goods $882K
Animal & marine products $586K
Metals $445K
Miscellaneous $48K
Tanzania
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $215M
Precious metals & jewellery $51.4M
Raw agricultural goods $18.8M
Animal & marine products $9.03M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.26M
Machinery & equipment $1.81M
Raw materials & minerals $237K
Metals $198K
Wood & paper products $46K
Chemicals & pharma $40K

Balance of trade

Belgium Tanzania
Current account balance
-$2.54B
2024
-$2.38B
2024
Current account balance ranking
151/190
2024
147/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.38%
2024
-3.02%
2024
Goods imports
$370B
2024
$14.2B
2024
Goods exports
$382B
2024
$9.12B
2024
Service imports
$164B
2024
$2.8B
2024
Service exports
$150B
2024
$6.85B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
79.7%
2024
21.7%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
79.3%
2024
19.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Belgium Tanzania
Economic freedom 69.2 59
Economic freedom ranking 42/197 106/197
Property rights 91.1 45.2
Government integrity 78.2 40.9
Judicial effectiveness 91.6 29.6
Tax burden 50.6 80.4
Government spending 14.6 89.1
Fiscal health 53.4 75
Business freedom 82.5 48.1
Labor freedom 57.5 62.3
Monetary freedom 76.8 73.4
Trade freedom 79.4 58.8
Investment freedom 85 55
Financial freedom 70 50

Economic freedom comparison by year

Belgium
Tanzania
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Belgium Tanzania
2026 69.2 59
2025 69 59.3
2024 65.6 59.1
2023 67.1 60
2022 69.6 59.5
2021 70.1 61.3
2020 68.9 61.7
2019 67.3 60.2
2018 67.5 59.9
2017 67.8 58.6
2016 68.4 58.5
2015 68.8 57.5
2014 69.9 57.8
2013 69.2 57.9
2012 69 57
2011 70.2 57
2010 70.1 58.3
2009 72.1 58.3
2008 71.7 56.5
2007 72.5 56.8
2006 71.8 58.5
2005 69 56.3
2004 68.7 60.1
2003 68.1 56.9
2002 67.6 58.3
2001 63.8 54.9
2000 63.5 56
1999 62.9 60
1998 64.7 59.6
1997 64.6 59.3
1996 66 57.5
1995 - 57.3

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/tanzania | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Belgium is 69.2, ranking 42/197, compared to 59 for Tanzania, ranking 106/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Belgium Tanzania
Services, % of GDP
71%
2024
29.6%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
18.7%
2024
28.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.79%
2024
23.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$656B
2024
$80.2B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$74,770
2024
$4,130
2024
Total reserves including gold
$41.4B
2024
$5.05B
2018
Total reserves ranking
49/177
2024
101/177
2018
Net foreign direct investment
$46.1B
2024
-$1.72B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$41.4B
2024
$1.72B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.71B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
2.57%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.3%
2022
26.4%
2018
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.5%
2024
39.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.