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Economy of Belgium vs Morocco compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Belgium has a GDP of $671B compared to $161B for Morocco, ranking 23/197 and 58/197 by economy size, respectively.

Belgium has $703B in government debt (104.7% of GDP), compared to $109B (67.7% of GDP) in Morocco.

Belgium vs Morocco GDP by year

Belgium
Morocco
1x
Year GDP, current $
Belgium Morocco
2024 $671,370,081,636 $160,610,994,055
2023 $651,330,595,110 $146,036,093,667
2022 $591,085,783,326 $131,245,312,804
2021 $598,522,422,242 $142,022,058,447
2020 $529,694,473,502 $121,353,645,057
2019 $536,726,344,405 $128,920,266,409
2018 $542,638,913,428 $127,341,147,582
2017 $500,908,767,352 $118,540,573,368
2016 $474,271,566,740 $111,572,947,005
2015 $461,044,767,545 $110,413,823,842
2014 $537,987,419,164 $119,130,841,412
2013 $524,097,026,599 $115,739,287,305
2012 $498,414,364,945 $106,937,392,311
2011 $527,196,649,049 $110,080,631,332
2010 $481,556,503,720 $100,865,329,473
2009 $485,014,525,992 $101,154,952,241
2008 $517,328,087,920 $101,822,906,949
2007 $470,922,156,309 $86,947,913,287
2006 $408,259,840,869 $75,883,823,301
2005 $385,714,762,230 $68,852,658,069
2004 $369,214,712,443 $66,114,145,451
2003 $318,082,528,507 $58,029,363,354
2002 $258,383,599,375 $47,077,192,188
2001 $236,746,141,604 $43,831,480,208
2000 $236,792,460,312 $43,017,455,402
1999 $258,245,733,221 $46,266,428,648
1998 $258,528,339,631 $46,497,608,725
1997 $252,708,051,421 $39,147,844,526
1996 $279,201,433,225 $43,161,571,528
1995 $288,025,588,396 $39,030,285,468
1994 $244,884,129,491 $35,604,137,423
1993 $224,721,795,709 $31,655,473,664
1992 $234,781,652,447 $33,711,069,431
1991 $210,510,999,409 $32,285,573,574
1990 $205,331,747,948 $30,179,954,775
1989 $164,221,056,511 $26,314,313,191
1988 $162,299,103,675 $25,705,296,184
1987 $149,394,404,106 $21,765,195,948
1986 $120,018,787,249 $19,462,085,540
1985 $86,268,264,148 $14,991,283,216
1984 $83,349,530,159 $14,824,667,954
1983 $87,184,239,053 $16,251,408,128
1982 $92,095,926,188 $17,692,276,734
1981 $104,730,018,470 $17,788,185,479
1980 $126,829,314,388 $21,728,516,153
1979 $116,315,456,797 $15,911,994,817
1978 $101,246,526,194 $13,236,946,234
1977 $82,839,905,459 $11,049,783,872
1976 $71,113,882,968 $9,584,297,284
1975 $65,678,189,097 $8,984,853,005
1974 $56,033,077,879 $7,675,466,449
1973 $47,743,801,490 $6,242,145,880
1972 $37,209,418,019 $5,074,117,545
1971 $29,821,661,870 $4,356,669,034
1970 $26,706,196,047 $3,956,336,244
1969 $24,019,653,475 $3,651,622,669
1968 $21,654,856,965 $3,271,422,333
1967 $20,252,508,995 $3,046,345,314
1966 $18,894,891,312 $2,876,401,297
1965 $17,597,783,297 $2,948,331,090
1964 $16,168,044,450 $2,798,345,299
1963 $14,445,805,381 $2,657,252,578
1962 $13,436,827,167 $2,379,611,125
1961 $12,561,701,694 $2,025,693,540
1960 $11,810,619,368 $2,037,154,742

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/morocco | CC BY

GDP per capita in Belgium vs Morocco by year

Belgium
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Morocco
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Belgium Morocco
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $56,615 $73,514 $4,218 $10,415
2023 $55,291 $71,946 $3,872 $9,895
2022 $50,606 $69,128 $3,516 $9,310
2021 $51,658 $60,669 $3,843 $8,623
2020 $45,906 $56,120 $3,317 $7,705
2019 $46,717 $56,712 $3,560 $8,046
2018 $47,487 $52,467 $3,553 $7,801
2017 $44,035 $50,256 $3,344 $8,115
2016 $41,855 $48,415 $3,186 $7,853
2015 $40,894 $46,072 $3,190 $7,799
2014 $47,996 $45,148 $3,483 $7,237
2013 $46,965 $43,864 $3,425 $7,542
2012 $44,874 $42,484 $3,206 $7,308
2011 $47,761 $41,245 $3,345 $7,274
2010 $44,197 $39,840 $3,107 $6,849
2009 $44,923 $37,906 $3,158 $6,629
2008 $48,303 $37,883 $3,222 $6,437
2007 $44,319 $36,798 $2,788 $6,058
2006 $38,705 $35,251 $2,466 $5,781
2005 $36,810 $33,178 $2,268 $5,275
2004 $35,429 $32,060 $2,207 $5,025
2003 $30,655 $30,931 $1,962 $4,741
2002 $25,006 $30,282 $1,612 $4,436
2001 $23,015 $28,794 $1,521 $4,269
2000 $23,099 $27,794 $1,513 $3,930
1999 $25,253 $25,441 $1,651 $3,801
1998 $25,338 $24,370 $1,683 $3,740
1997 $24,821 $23,733 $1,439 $3,502
1996 $27,490 $22,745 $1,610 $3,551
1995 $28,414 $22,446 $1,478 $3,152
1994 $24,209 $21,518 $1,369 $3,315
1993 $22,284 $20,473 $1,236 $2,979
1992 $23,373 $20,272 $1,337 $2,979
1991 $21,042 $19,601 $1,302 $3,025
1990 $20,600 $18,688 $1,238 $2,777
1989 $16,525 - $1,099 -
1988 $16,391 - $1,094 -
1987 $15,136 - $944 -
1986 $12,170 - $861 -
1985 $8,751 - $678 -
1984 $8,457 - $687 -
1983 $8,846 - $772 -
1982 $9,344 - $862 -
1981 $10,623 - $890 -
1980 $12,864 - $1,117 -
1979 $11,811 - $839 -
1978 $10,290 - $716 -
1977 $8,427 - $613 -
1976 $7,243 - $545 -
1975 $6,701 - $524 -
1974 $5,734 - $459 -
1973 $4,901 - $382 -
1972 $3,832 - $319 -
1971 $3,083 - $280.6 -
1970 $2,766 - $261.5 -
1969 $2,490 - $247.8 -
1968 $2,251 - $228 -
1967 $2,114 - $218.1 -
1966 $1,983 - $211.5 -
1965 $1,860 - $222.7 -
1964 $1,724 - $216.9 -
1963 $1,555 - $211.3 -
1962 $1,457 - $194.2 -
1961 $1,368 - $169.8 -
1960 $1,290 - $175.2 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/morocco | CC BY

Belgium's GDP per capita is $56,615, ranking 18/197, compared to $4,218 in Morocco, ranking 127/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Belgium ranks 21st at $73,514, while Morocco ranks 132nd at $10,415.

Economic indicators

Belgium Morocco
Gross domestic product
$671B
2024
$161B
2024
GDP rank
23/197
2024
58/197
2024
GDP growth
1.07%
2023-2024
3.79%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$56,615
2024
$4,218
2024
GDP per capita rank
18/197
2024
127/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,514
2024
$10,415
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
21/197
2024
132/197
2024
Government debt
$703B
2024
$109B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
104.7%
2024
67.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$59,278
2024
$2,857
2024
Government debt per person rank
5/185
2024
104/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,259
2026
$5,678
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$321B
2018
$74.5B
2024
Number of millionaires
549,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
11
2025
3
2025
Income share by richest 10%
22.2%
2023
31.9%
2013
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2023
2.7%
2013
Government expenditure, % of GDP
54.5%
2024
33%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.14%
2023-2024
0.99%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.7%
2024
11.8%
2022
Population
11902714
38871720

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Belgium
Spending

Debt
Morocco
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Belgium Morocco
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 54.5% 104.7% 33% 67.7%
2023 53.3% 103.2% 32% 68.7%
2022 52.3% 102.7% 33.7% 71.4%
2021 54.9% 108.5% 31% 69.4%
2020 58.5% 111.2% 34.1% 72.2%
2019 51.8% 97.6% 27.6% 60.3%
2018 52.5% 100.1% 27.8% 60.5%
2017 52.3% 102.5% 27.9% 60.3%
2016 53.4% 105.5% 28.6% 60.1%
2015 53.9% 105.6% 28.5% 58.4%
2014 55.4% 106.6% 30.7% 58.6%
2013 55.9% 105% 30.4% 57.1%
2012 56.2% 104.3% 32.5% 52.3%
2011 55% 102.7% 31.2% 48.6%
2010 53.9% 100.2% 28.7% 45.3%
2009 54.5% 99.9% 28.1% 42.6%
2008 50.8% 93.2% 28.3% 42%
2007 48.6% 87.3% 26.4% 47.1%
2006 48.8% 91.5% 26% 50.6%
2005 51.9% 95.1% 28.6% 54.8%
2004 49.3% 97.2% 24.5% 54.4%
2003 51% 101.7% 24.1% 56.9%
2002 49.9% 105.4% 25.8% 59.4%
2001 49.4% 108.2% 23.7% 60.4%
2000 49.4% 109.6% 22.8% 64.9%
1999 50.5% 115.4% 18.4% 63.4%
1998 51% 119.2% 18.7% 64.5%
1997 51.6% 124.3% 18.6% 68%
1996 53.1% 129% 17.6% 65.3%
1995 52.6% 131.3% 21.3% 72.2%
1994 54.7% 137.1% 21.7% 69.3%
1993 57.1% 138.9% 23.1% 74.7%
1992 55.9% 134.7% 22.3% 67%
1991 55.6% 131.8% 20.8% 59.1%
1990 54.4% 130.3% 22.6% 70.5%
1989 52.3% 126.4% - -
1988 53.9% 129.7% - -
1987 55.8% 129.2% - -
1986 57.6% 124.7% - -
1985 58.4% 119.4% - -
1984 59.1% 114.6% - -
1983 62.2% 110.3% - -
1982 59.6% 99.6% - -
1981 61.5% 89.7% - -
1980 54.9% 76.8% - -
1979 54.8% 69.2% - -
1978 52.8% 65.2% - -
1977 52.2% 61.6% - -
1976 50.4% 61.4% - -
1975 50.2% 59.5% - -
1974 44.5% 61.7% - -
1973 45% 63.7% - -
1972 45% 64.9% - -
1971 43.9% 63.5% - -
1970 42.7% 66.6% - -
1969 26.5% 51.6% - -
1968 26.7% 54.5% - -
1967 25.5% 54.1% - -
1966 25.1% 55.6% - -
1965 23.4% 57.6% - -
1964 22.5% 59.4% - -
1963 23.1% 64.1% - -
1962 22.5% 65.3% - -
1961 22.1% 67.8% - -
1960 23.7% 69.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/morocco | CC BY

In 2024, Belgium's government spending was $366B, accounting for 54.5% of its GDP, while Morocco spent $53.1B, or 33% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 104.7% in Belgium and 67.7% in Morocco, ranking 19/185 and 60/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Belgium

Morocco
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Belgium Morocco
2024 -4.52% -3.92%
2023 -4.1% -4.41%
2022 -3.62% -5.37%
2021 -5.4% -5.92%
2020 -9.03% -7.15%
2019 -2.05% -3.8%
2018 -1.05% -3.52%
2017 -0.76% -3.3%
2016 -2.43% -4.49%
2015 -2.48% -4.59%
2014 -3.18% -4.78%
2013 -3.16% -4.7%
2012 -4.35% -6.63%
2011 -4.44% -6.08%
2010 -4.13% -3.93%
2009 -5.45% -1.63%
2008 -1.1% 0.63%
2007 0.07% -0.12%
2006 0.24% -1.8%
2005 -2.72% -5.46%
2004 -0.24% -3.31%
2003 -1.86% -3.74%
2002 -0.04% -4.37%
2001 0.23% -3.79%
2000 -0.08% -1.97%
1999 -0.65% 3.21%
1998 -1.03% 1.47%
1997 -2.15% 1.5%
1996 -4% 0.87%
1995 -4.51% -2.54%
1994 -5.29% -2.51%
1993 -7.71% -2%
1992 -8.42% -1.84%
1991 -7.67% -0.9%
1990 -6.99% -1.32%
1989 -7.58% -
1988 -7.28% -
1987 -7.89% -
1986 -9.96% -
1985 -10.1% -
1984 -10.8% -
1983 -14.5% -
1982 -12.3% -
1981 -15.5% -
1980 -9.43% -
1979 -8.33% -
1978 -6.51% -
1977 -6.51% -
1976 -6.61% -
1975 -6.45% -
1974 -3.87% -
1973 -5.02% -
1972 -6.07% -
1971 -4.45% -
1970 -3.51% -
1969 -3.34% -
1968 -3.69% -
1967 -2.76% -
1966 -3.08% -
1965 -2.9% -
1964 -2.27% -
1963 -2.8% -
1962 -2.12% -
1961 -2.34% -
1960 -4.89% -
1959 -5.21% -
1958 -4.33% -
1957 -1.27% -
1956 1.85% -
1955 -1.05% -
1954 2.34% -
1953 0.14% -
1952 -0.26% -
1951 0.59% -
1950 -2.01% -
1949 -2.05% -
1948 -2.29% -
1947 -14.5% -
1946 1.87% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 -5.81% -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 -6.86% -
1938 -5.17% -
1937 -4.71% -
1936 -4.92% -
1935 -5.94% -
1934 -2.78% -
1933 -1.69% -
1932 - -
1931 - -
1930 -2.48% -
1929 - -
1928 - -
1927 3.06% -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 -5.53% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -1.4% -
1912 -1.39% -
1911 -0.92% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 0.13% -
1908 -0.95% -
1907 -0.81% -
1906 -1.35% -
1905 1.23% -
1904 0.004% -
1903 0.08% -
1902 0.22% -
1901 0.55% -
1900 -0.54% -
1899 -1.64% -
1898 -0.28% -
1897 -0.25% -
1896 0.94% -
1895 -0.33% -
1894 0.06% -
1893 0.07% -
1892 0.17% -
1891 -0.005% -
1890 -0.83% -
1889 0.3% -
1888 -0.21% -
1887 -0.12% -
1886 0.54% -
1885 -0.43% -
1884 -0.26% -
1883 -0.54% -
1882 -0.3% -
1881 0.08% -
1880 0.12% -
1879 -1.51% -
1878 -1.78% -
1877 -2.52% -
1876 -0.77% -
1875 -0.88% -
1874 -1.02% -
1873 -2.08% -
1872 -0.7% -
1871 -0.64% -
1870 -0.58% -
1869 -0.35% -
1868 -0.39% -
1867 -0.49% -
1866 -0.87% -
1865 -0.55% -
1864 -0.62% -
1863 -0.72% -
1862 -0.49% -
1861 -0.22% -
1860 -0.13% -
1859 0.1% -
1858 0.35% -
1857 0% -
1856 -0.26% -
1855 -0.28% -
1854 -0.4% -
1853 -0.3% -
1852 -0.44% -
1851 -0.05% -
1850 -0.11% -
1849 0.11% -
1848 -1.41% -
1847 -0.69% -
1846 -0.52% -
1845 -1.17% -
1844 -4.92% -
1843 -0.86% -
1842 -0.89% -
1841 -0.75% -
1840 0.16% -
1839 -0.43% -
1838 0.23% -
1837 -0.11% -
1836 0.18% -
1835 0.27% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/morocco | CC BY

In 2024, Belgium's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $30.3B, equivalent to 4.52% of GDP. This compares to Morocco's deficit of $6.3B, or 3.92% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Belgium recorded a fiscal deficit in 32 of those years, while Morocco ran a deficit in 30 years. On average, Belgium posted an annual deficit equal to 3.26% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.92% of GDP for Morocco.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Belgium

Morocco
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Belgium Morocco
2024 3.14% 0.99%
2023 4.05% 6.09%
2022 9.6% 6.66%
2021 2.44% 1.4%
2020 0.74% 0.71%
2019 1.44% 0.3%
2018 2.05% 1.8%
2017 2.13% 0.75%
2016 1.97% 1.64%
2015 0.56% 1.56%
2014 0.34% 0.44%
2013 1.11% 1.88%
2012 2.84% 1.29%
2011 3.53% 0.91%
2010 2.19% 0.99%
2009 -0.05% 0.97%
2008 4.49% 3.71%
2007 1.82% 2.04%
2006 1.79% 3.28%
2005 2.78% 0.98%
2004 2.1% 1.49%
2003 1.59% 1.17%
2002 1.65% 2.8%
2001 2.47% 0.62%
2000 2.54% 1.89%
1999 1.12% 0.68%
1998 0.95% 2.75%
1997 1.63% 1.04%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/morocco | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Belgium has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.25%, compared with 1.82% in Morocco. In 2024, inflation was 3.14% in Belgium and 0.99% in Morocco.

Top exports between countries

Belgium
Export category Export value
Metals $552M
Machinery & equipment $381M
Chemicals & pharma $307M
Raw materials & minerals $204M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $72.1M
Wood & paper products $51.7M
Textiles & consumer goods $46.9M
Transport & tourism services $45.5M
Animal & marine products $35.2M
IT & IP services $15.3M
Morocco
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $263M
Raw materials & minerals $149M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $44.3M
Raw agricultural goods $33.5M
Textiles & consumer goods $29.7M
Animal & marine products $15.7M
Metals $15.3M
Chemicals & pharma $6.72M
Wood & paper products $266K
Miscellaneous $80K

Balance of trade

Belgium Morocco
Current account balance
-$2.54B
2024
-$1.87B
2024
Current account balance ranking
151/190
2024
141/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.38%
2024
-1.16%
2024
Goods imports
$370B
2024
$66.5B
2024
Goods exports
$382B
2024
$39.3B
2024
Service imports
$164B
2024
$14.3B
2024
Service exports
$150B
2024
$28.2B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
79.7%
2024
50.2%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
79.3%
2024
42%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Belgium Morocco
Economic freedom 69.2 61.8
Economic freedom ranking 42/197 91/197
Property rights 91.1 55.2
Government integrity 78.2 35.6
Judicial effectiveness 91.6 32.5
Tax burden 50.6 65.5
Government spending 14.6 67.5
Fiscal health 53.4 57.5
Business freedom 82.5 72.1
Labor freedom 57.5 46.2
Monetary freedom 76.8 79.6
Trade freedom 79.4 69.8
Investment freedom 85 80
Financial freedom 70 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Belgium
Morocco
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Belgium Morocco
2026 69.2 61.8
2025 69 60.3
2024 65.6 56.8
2023 67.1 58.4
2022 69.6 59.2
2021 70.1 63.3
2020 68.9 63.3
2019 67.3 62.9
2018 67.5 61.9
2017 67.8 61.5
2016 68.4 61.3
2015 68.8 60.1
2014 69.9 58.3
2013 69.2 59.6
2012 69 60.2
2011 70.2 59.6
2010 70.1 59.2
2009 72.1 57.7
2008 71.7 55.6
2007 72.5 56.4
2006 71.8 51.5
2005 69 52.2
2004 68.7 56.7
2003 68.1 57.8
2002 67.6 59
2001 63.8 63.9
2000 63.5 63.2
1999 62.9 63.8
1998 64.7 61.1
1997 64.6 64.7
1996 66 64.3
1995 - 62.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/morocco | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Belgium is 69.2, ranking 42/197, compared to 61.8 for Morocco, ranking 91/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Belgium Morocco
Services, % of GDP
71%
2024
52.7%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
18.7%
2024
25.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.79%
2024
10.6%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$656B
2024
$149B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$74,770
2024
$10,260
2024
Total reserves including gold
$41.4B
2024
$37.1B
2024
Total reserves ranking
49/177
2024
52/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$46.1B
2024
-$948M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$41.4B
2024
$1.64B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.71B
2024
$691M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
5.63%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.3%
2022
3.9%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.5%
2024
30.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.