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Economy of Belgium vs Uzbekistan compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Belgium has a GDP of $671B compared to $115B for Uzbekistan, ranking 23/197 and 66/197 by economy size, respectively.

Belgium has $703B in government debt (104.7% of GDP), compared to $37.5B (32.7% of GDP) in Uzbekistan.

Belgium vs Uzbekistan GDP by year

Belgium
Uzbekistan
1x
Year GDP, current $
Belgium Uzbekistan
2024 $671,370,081,636 $114,965,293,467
2023 $651,330,595,110 $102,641,879,249
2022 $591,085,783,326 $90,095,926,567
2021 $598,522,422,242 $77,340,060,003
2020 $529,694,473,502 $66,443,265,418
2019 $536,726,344,405 $67,293,639,798
2018 $542,638,913,428 $58,695,899,092
2017 $500,908,767,352 $69,703,222,283
2016 $474,271,566,740 $86,138,288,644
2015 $461,044,767,545 $86,196,264,755
2014 $537,987,419,164 $80,845,385,809
2013 $524,097,026,599 $73,180,037,915
2012 $498,414,364,945 $67,517,349,212
2011 $527,196,649,049 $60,178,909,297
2010 $481,556,503,720 $49,765,676,402
2009 $485,014,525,992 $33,689,223,673
2008 $517,328,087,920 $29,549,438,884
2007 $470,922,156,309 $22,311,393,928
2006 $408,259,840,869 $17,330,833,853
2005 $385,714,762,230 $14,307,509,839
2004 $369,214,712,443 $12,030,023,548
2003 $318,082,528,507 $10,134,453,435
2002 $258,383,599,375 $9,687,788,513
2001 $236,746,141,604 $11,401,421,329
2000 $236,792,460,312 $13,760,513,969
1999 $258,245,733,221 $17,078,465,982
1998 $258,528,339,631 $14,988,971,211
1997 $252,708,051,421 $14,744,603,774
1996 $279,201,433,225 $13,948,892,216
1995 $288,025,588,396 $13,350,461,265
1994 $244,884,129,491 $12,899,074,922
1993 $224,721,795,709 $13,099,920,056
1992 $234,781,652,447 $12,953,801,760
1991 $210,510,999,409 $13,800,167,712
1990 $205,331,747,948 $13,362,340,338
1989 $164,221,056,511 $11,948,815,258
1988 $162,299,103,675 $10,722,799,639
1987 $149,394,404,106 $8,523,160,593
1986 $120,018,787,249 -
1985 $86,268,264,148 -
1984 $83,349,530,159 -
1983 $87,184,239,053 -
1982 $92,095,926,188 -
1981 $104,730,018,470 -
1980 $126,829,314,388 -
1979 $116,315,456,797 -
1978 $101,246,526,194 -
1977 $82,839,905,459 -
1976 $71,113,882,968 -
1975 $65,678,189,097 -
1974 $56,033,077,879 -
1973 $47,743,801,490 -
1972 $37,209,418,019 -
1971 $29,821,661,870 -
1970 $26,706,196,047 -
1969 $24,019,653,475 -
1968 $21,654,856,965 -
1967 $20,252,508,995 -
1966 $18,894,891,312 -
1965 $17,597,783,297 -
1964 $16,168,044,450 -
1963 $14,445,805,381 -
1962 $13,436,827,167 -
1961 $12,561,701,694 -
1960 $11,810,619,368 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/uzbekistan | CC BY

GDP per capita in Belgium vs Uzbekistan by year

Belgium
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Uzbekistan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Belgium Uzbekistan
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $56,615 $73,514 $3,162 $11,879
2023 $55,291 $71,946 $2,879 $11,107
2022 $50,606 $69,128 $2,579 $10,293
2021 $51,658 $60,669 $2,259 $9,248
2020 $45,906 $56,120 $1,978 $8,452
2019 $46,717 $56,712 $2,041 $8,544
2018 $47,487 $52,467 $1,813 $8,129
2017 $44,035 $50,256 $2,191 $7,818
2016 $41,855 $48,415 $2,753 $6,919
2015 $40,894 $46,072 $2,803 $6,800
2014 $47,996 $45,148 $2,675 $6,610
2013 $46,965 $43,864 $2,462 $6,413
2012 $44,874 $42,484 $2,307 $6,168
2011 $47,761 $41,245 $2,088 $5,949
2010 $44,197 $39,840 $1,753 $5,505
2009 $44,923 $37,906 $1,206 $5,135
2008 $48,303 $37,883 $1,075 $4,800
2007 $44,319 $36,798 $824 $4,386
2006 $38,705 $35,251 $649 $3,956
2005 $36,810 $33,178 $543 $3,618
2004 $35,429 $32,060 $462 $3,321
2003 $30,655 $30,931 $394 $3,047
2002 $25,006 $30,282 $381 $2,902
2001 $23,015 $28,794 $454 $2,782
2000 $23,099 $27,794 $555 $2,644
1999 $25,253 $25,441 $698 $2,522
1998 $25,338 $24,370 $621 $2,418
1997 $24,821 $23,733 $621 $2,329
1996 $27,490 $22,745 $597 $2,214
1995 $28,414 $22,446 $583 $2,178
1994 $24,209 $21,518 $574 $2,197
1993 $22,284 $20,473 $596 $2,318
1992 $23,373 $20,272 $603 $2,371
1991 $21,042 $19,601 $658 $2,676
1990 $20,600 $18,688 $653 $2,665
1989 $16,525 - $598 -
1988 $16,391 - $551 -
1987 $15,136 - $450 -
1986 $12,170 - - -
1985 $8,751 - - -
1984 $8,457 - - -
1983 $8,846 - - -
1982 $9,344 - - -
1981 $10,623 - - -
1980 $12,864 - - -
1979 $11,811 - - -
1978 $10,290 - - -
1977 $8,427 - - -
1976 $7,243 - - -
1975 $6,701 - - -
1974 $5,734 - - -
1973 $4,901 - - -
1972 $3,832 - - -
1971 $3,083 - - -
1970 $2,766 - - -
1969 $2,490 - - -
1968 $2,251 - - -
1967 $2,114 - - -
1966 $1,983 - - -
1965 $1,860 - - -
1964 $1,724 - - -
1963 $1,555 - - -
1962 $1,457 - - -
1961 $1,368 - - -
1960 $1,290 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/uzbekistan | CC BY

Belgium's GDP per capita is $56,615, ranking 18/197, compared to $3,162 in Uzbekistan, ranking 139/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Belgium ranks 21st at $73,514, while Uzbekistan ranks 125th at $11,879.

Economic indicators

Belgium Uzbekistan
Gross domestic product
$671B
2024
$115B
2024
GDP rank
23/197
2024
66/197
2024
GDP growth
1.07%
2023-2024
6.5%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$56,615
2024
$3,162
2024
GDP per capita rank
18/197
2024
139/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,514
2024
$11,879
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
21/197
2024
125/197
2024
Government debt
$703B
2024
$37.5B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
104.7%
2024
32.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$59,278
2024
$1,032
2024
Government debt per person rank
5/185
2024
141/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,259
2026
$3,658
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$321B
2018
$18.8B
2024
Number of millionaires
549,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
11
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.2%
2023
25.7%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2023
2.3%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
54.5%
2024
27.6%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.14%
2023-2024
9.6%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
14%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.7%
2024
5.29%
2020
Population
11902714
37939105

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Belgium
Spending

Debt
Uzbekistan
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Belgium Uzbekistan
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 54.5% 104.7% 27.6% 32.7%
2023 53.3% 103.2% 29.9% 32.2%
2022 52.3% 102.7% 31.3% 30.5%
2021 54.9% 108.5% 27.4% 31.7%
2020 58.5% 111.2% 26% 33.7%
2019 51.8% 97.6% 24.4% 25.4%
2018 52.5% 100.1% 22.2% 17.5%
2017 52.3% 102.5% 19.9% 17.3%
2016 53.4% 105.5% 23.3% 8.19%
2015 53.9% 105.6% 24.6% 6.72%
2014 55.4% 106.6% 24.9% 6.09%
2013 55.9% 105% 25.2% 6.23%
2012 56.2% 104.3% 23.9% 6.76%
2011 55% 102.7% 23.7% 6.33%
2010 53.9% 100.2% 26.4% 6.61%
2009 54.5% 99.9% 27.5% 7.3%
2008 50.8% 93.2% 26.5% 8.33%
2007 48.6% 87.3% 24.8% 9.56%
2006 48.8% 91.5% 24.7% 13.5%
2005 51.9% 95.1% 28.1% 21%
2004 49.3% 97.2% 29.4% 26.9%
2003 51% 101.7% 31.5% 31.4%
2002 49.9% 105.4% 34.6% 41.6%
2001 49.4% 108.2% 30.6% 44.8%
2000 49.4% 109.6% 32.9% 29.5%
1999 50.5% 115.4% 33.6% 18.4%
1998 51% 119.2% 35.1% 18%
1997 51.6% 124.3% 31.8% 15.3%
1996 53.1% 129% 35.1% -
1995 52.6% 131.3% 29.4% -
1994 54.7% 137.1% 27.1% -
1993 57.1% 138.9% 39.6% -
1992 55.9% 134.7% 18% -
1991 55.6% 131.8% - -
1990 54.4% 130.3% - -
1989 52.3% 126.4% - -
1988 53.9% 129.7% - -
1987 55.8% 129.2% - -
1986 57.6% 124.7% - -
1985 58.4% 119.4% - -
1984 59.1% 114.6% - -
1983 62.2% 110.3% - -
1982 59.6% 99.6% - -
1981 61.5% 89.7% - -
1980 54.9% 76.8% - -
1979 54.8% 69.2% - -
1978 52.8% 65.2% - -
1977 52.2% 61.6% - -
1976 50.4% 61.4% - -
1975 50.2% 59.5% - -
1974 44.5% 61.7% - -
1973 45% 63.7% - -
1972 45% 64.9% - -
1971 43.9% 63.5% - -
1970 42.7% 66.6% - -
1969 26.5% 51.6% - -
1968 26.7% 54.5% - -
1967 25.5% 54.1% - -
1966 25.1% 55.6% - -
1965 23.4% 57.6% - -
1964 22.5% 59.4% - -
1963 23.1% 64.1% - -
1962 22.5% 65.3% - -
1961 22.1% 67.8% - -
1960 23.7% 69.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/uzbekistan | CC BY

In 2024, Belgium's government spending was $366B, accounting for 54.5% of its GDP, while Uzbekistan spent $31.7B, or 27.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 104.7% in Belgium and 32.7% in Uzbekistan, ranking 19/185 and 152/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Belgium

Uzbekistan
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Belgium Uzbekistan
2024 -4.52% -2.37%
2023 -4.1% -4.03%
2022 -3.62% -3.65%
2021 -5.4% -4.1%
2020 -9.03% -2.95%
2019 -2.05% -0.3%
2018 -1.05% 1.64%
2017 -0.76% 1.04%
2016 -2.43% 0.7%
2015 -2.48% -0.28%
2014 -3.18% 1.9%
2013 -3.16% 2.15%
2012 -4.35% 5.89%
2011 -4.44% 5.11%
2010 -4.13% 2.56%
2009 -5.45% 1.82%
2008 -1.1% 5.97%
2007 0.07% 3.55%
2006 0.24% 2.72%
2005 -2.72% -3.52%
2004 -0.24% -3.74%
2003 -1.86% -4.87%
2002 -0.04% -6.31%
2001 0.23% -3.28%
2000 -0.08% -3.66%
1999 -0.65% -2.91%
1998 -1.03% -3.04%
1997 -2.15% -2.05%
1996 -4% -1.57%
1995 -4.51% -1.77%
1994 -5.29% -4.47%
1993 -7.71% -12%
1992 -8.42% 7.15%
1991 -7.67% -
1990 -6.99% -
1989 -7.58% -
1988 -7.28% -
1987 -7.89% -
1986 -9.96% -
1985 -10.1% -
1984 -10.8% -
1983 -14.5% -
1982 -12.3% -
1981 -15.5% -
1980 -9.43% -
1979 -8.33% -
1978 -6.51% -
1977 -6.51% -
1976 -6.61% -
1975 -6.45% -
1974 -3.87% -
1973 -5.02% -
1972 -6.07% -
1971 -4.45% -
1970 -3.51% -
1969 -3.34% -
1968 -3.69% -
1967 -2.76% -
1966 -3.08% -
1965 -2.9% -
1964 -2.27% -
1963 -2.8% -
1962 -2.12% -
1961 -2.34% -
1960 -4.89% -
1959 -5.21% -
1958 -4.33% -
1957 -1.27% -
1956 1.85% -
1955 -1.05% -
1954 2.34% -
1953 0.14% -
1952 -0.26% -
1951 0.59% -
1950 -2.01% -
1949 -2.05% -
1948 -2.29% -
1947 -14.5% -
1946 1.87% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 -5.81% -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 -6.86% -
1938 -5.17% -
1937 -4.71% -
1936 -4.92% -
1935 -5.94% -
1934 -2.78% -
1933 -1.69% -
1932 - -
1931 - -
1930 -2.48% -
1929 - -
1928 - -
1927 3.06% -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 -5.53% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -1.4% -
1912 -1.39% -
1911 -0.92% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 0.13% -
1908 -0.95% -
1907 -0.81% -
1906 -1.35% -
1905 1.23% -
1904 0.004% -
1903 0.08% -
1902 0.22% -
1901 0.55% -
1900 -0.54% -
1899 -1.64% -
1898 -0.28% -
1897 -0.25% -
1896 0.94% -
1895 -0.33% -
1894 0.06% -
1893 0.07% -
1892 0.17% -
1891 -0.005% -
1890 -0.83% -
1889 0.3% -
1888 -0.21% -
1887 -0.12% -
1886 0.54% -
1885 -0.43% -
1884 -0.26% -
1883 -0.54% -
1882 -0.3% -
1881 0.08% -
1880 0.12% -
1879 -1.51% -
1878 -1.78% -
1877 -2.52% -
1876 -0.77% -
1875 -0.88% -
1874 -1.02% -
1873 -2.08% -
1872 -0.7% -
1871 -0.64% -
1870 -0.58% -
1869 -0.35% -
1868 -0.39% -
1867 -0.49% -
1866 -0.87% -
1865 -0.55% -
1864 -0.62% -
1863 -0.72% -
1862 -0.49% -
1861 -0.22% -
1860 -0.13% -
1859 0.1% -
1858 0.35% -
1857 0% -
1856 -0.26% -
1855 -0.28% -
1854 -0.4% -
1853 -0.3% -
1852 -0.44% -
1851 -0.05% -
1850 -0.11% -
1849 0.11% -
1848 -1.41% -
1847 -0.69% -
1846 -0.52% -
1845 -1.17% -
1844 -4.92% -
1843 -0.86% -
1842 -0.89% -
1841 -0.75% -
1840 0.16% -
1839 -0.43% -
1838 0.23% -
1837 -0.11% -
1836 0.18% -
1835 0.27% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/uzbekistan | CC BY

In 2024, Belgium's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $30.3B, equivalent to 4.52% of GDP. This compares to Uzbekistan's deficit of $2.72B, or 2.37% of GDP.

Over the past 33 years, Belgium recorded a fiscal deficit in 30 of those years, while Uzbekistan ran a deficit in 20 years. On average, Belgium posted an annual deficit equal to 3.01% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.87% of GDP for Uzbekistan.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Belgium

Uzbekistan
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Belgium Uzbekistan
2024 3.14% 9.6%
2023 4.05% 10%
2022 9.6% 11.4%
2021 2.44% 10.8%
2020 0.74% 12.9%
2019 1.44% 14.5%
2018 2.05% 17.5%
2017 2.13% 13.9%
2016 1.97% 8.8%
2015 0.56% 8.5%
2014 0.34% 9.1%
2013 1.11% 11.7%
2012 2.84% 11.9%
2011 3.53% 12.4%
2010 2.19% 12.3%
2009 -0.05% 12.3%
2008 4.49% 13.1%
2007 1.82% 11.2%
2006 1.79% 13.1%
2005 2.78% 10.7%
2004 2.1% 7.3%
2003 1.59% 12.5%
2002 1.65% 27.3%
2001 2.47% 27.3%
2000 2.54% 25%
1999 1.12% 29.1%
1998 0.95% 29%
1997 1.63% 70.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/uzbekistan | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Belgium has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.25%, compared with 16.6% in Uzbekistan. In 2024, inflation was 3.14% in Belgium and 9.6% in Uzbekistan.

Top exports between countries

Belgium
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $55.7M
Chemicals & pharma $31M
Precious metals & jewellery $18M
Raw materials & minerals $12M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $6.06M
Animal & marine products $5.44M
Textiles & consumer goods $3.6M
Raw agricultural goods $3.09M
Metals $1.3M
Wood & paper products $412K
Uzbekistan
Export category Export value
Metals $59.8M
Textiles & consumer goods $4.05M
Raw agricultural goods $2.56M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $252K
Precious metals & jewellery $181K
Raw materials & minerals $174K
Machinery & equipment $74K
Government & miscellaneous services $52K
Animal & marine products $15K
Manufacturing & construction services $9K

Balance of trade

Belgium Uzbekistan
Current account balance
-$2.54B
2024
-$5.71B
2024
Current account balance ranking
151/190
2024
169/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.38%
2024
-4.97%
2024
Goods imports
$370B
2024
$33.2B
2024
Goods exports
$382B
2024
$19.6B
2024
Service imports
$164B
2024
$10.5B
2024
Service exports
$150B
2024
$6.55B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
79.7%
2024
38%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
79.3%
2024
22.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Belgium Uzbekistan
Economic freedom 69.2 60.3
Economic freedom ranking 42/197 94/197
Property rights 91.1 43.1
Government integrity 78.2 32
Judicial effectiveness 91.6 13.7
Tax burden 50.6 95
Government spending 14.6 73.7
Fiscal health 53.4 79.9
Business freedom 82.5 62.5
Labor freedom 57.5 48.4
Monetary freedom 76.8 65.1
Trade freedom 79.4 80.6
Investment freedom 85 70
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Belgium
Uzbekistan
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Belgium Uzbekistan
2026 69.2 60.3
2025 69 58
2024 65.6 55.9
2023 67.1 56.5
2022 69.6 55.7
2021 70.1 58.3
2020 68.9 57.2
2019 67.3 53.3
2018 67.5 51.5
2017 67.8 52.3
2016 68.4 46
2015 68.8 47
2014 69.9 46.5
2013 69.2 46
2012 69 45.8
2011 70.2 45.8
2010 70.1 47.5
2009 72.1 50.5
2008 71.7 51.9
2007 72.5 51.5
2006 71.8 48.7
2005 69 45.8
2004 68.7 39.1
2003 68.1 38.3
2002 67.6 38.5
2001 63.8 38.2
2000 63.5 38.1
1999 62.9 33.8
1998 64.7 31.5
1997 64.6 -
1996 66 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/uzbekistan | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Belgium is 69.2, ranking 42/197, compared to 60.3 for Uzbekistan, ranking 94/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Belgium Uzbekistan
Services, % of GDP
71%
2024
45.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
18.7%
2024
31.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.79%
2024
18.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$656B
2024
$110B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$74,770
2024
$12,000
2024
Total reserves including gold
$41.4B
2024
$41.2B
2024
Total reserves ranking
49/177
2024
50/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$46.1B
2024
-$2.81B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$41.4B
2024
$2.99B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.71B
2024
$36.7M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
9.88%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.3%
2022
8.9%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.5%
2024
33.3%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/uzbekistan | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.