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Economy of Albania vs Belgium compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Albania has a GDP of $30.5B compared to $725B for Belgium, ranking 113/197 and 23/197 by economy size, respectively.

Albania has $16.1B in government debt (52.6% of GDP), compared to $771B (106.3% of GDP) in Belgium.

Albania vs Belgium GDP by year

Albania
Belgium
1x
Year GDP, current $
Albania Belgium
2025 $30,540,188,271 $725,466,462,860
2024 $27,037,474,263 $670,983,130,619
2023 $23,491,242,727 $650,779,364,364
2022 $19,017,247,014 $591,474,463,579
2021 $18,031,989,573 $598,522,422,242
2020 $15,241,458,745 $529,694,473,502
2019 $15,585,111,614 $536,726,344,405
2018 $15,379,508,330 $542,638,913,428
2017 $13,258,268,436 $500,908,767,352
2016 $11,988,668,785 $474,271,566,740
2015 $11,470,171,827 $461,044,767,545
2014 $13,296,322,588 $537,987,419,164
2013 $12,796,985,886 $524,097,026,599
2012 $12,246,499,748 $498,414,364,945
2011 $12,973,755,875 $527,196,649,049
2010 $12,086,545,641 $481,556,503,720
2009 $12,335,540,656 $485,014,525,992
2008 $13,258,506,375 $517,328,087,920
2007 $11,116,937,870 $470,922,156,309
2006 $9,150,528,132 $408,259,840,869
2005 $8,256,658,250 $385,714,762,230
2004 $7,406,645,793 $369,214,712,443
2003 $5,801,712,040 $318,082,528,507
2002 $4,515,003,117 $258,383,599,375
2001 $4,059,064,033 $236,746,141,604
2000 $3,584,570,165 $236,792,460,312
1999 $3,283,941,510 $258,245,733,221
1998 $2,600,356,999 $258,528,339,631
1997 $2,293,666,030 $252,708,051,421
1996 $3,234,486,232 $279,201,433,225
1995 $2,905,092,799 $288,025,588,396
1994 $1,880,950,864 $244,884,129,491
1993 $1,185,315,468 $224,721,795,709
1992 $652,174,991 $234,781,652,447
1991 $1,099,559,028 $210,510,999,409
1990 $2,028,553,750 $205,331,747,948
1989 $2,253,090,000 $164,221,056,511
1988 $2,051,236,250 $162,299,103,675
1987 $2,080,796,250 $149,394,404,106
1986 $2,097,326,250 $120,018,787,249
1985 $1,897,050,117 $86,268,264,148
1984 $1,857,337,995 $83,349,530,159
1983 $1,881,412,587 $87,184,239,053
1982 $1,861,163,170 $92,095,926,188
1981 $1,808,177,156 $104,730,018,470
1980 $1,578,102,105 $126,829,314,388
1979 - $116,315,456,797
1978 - $101,246,526,194
1977 - $82,839,905,459
1976 - $71,113,882,968
1975 - $65,678,189,097
1974 - $56,033,077,879
1973 - $47,743,801,490
1972 - $37,209,418,019
1971 - $29,821,661,870
1970 - $26,706,196,047
1969 - $24,019,653,475
1968 - $21,654,856,965
1967 - $20,252,508,995
1966 - $18,894,891,312
1965 - $17,597,783,297
1964 - $16,168,044,450
1963 - $14,445,805,381
1962 - $13,436,827,167
1961 - $12,561,701,694
1960 - $11,810,619,368

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/albania/belgium | CC BY

GDP per capita in Albania vs Belgium by year

Albania
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Belgium
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Albania Belgium
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $12,998 - $60,750 -
2024 $11,374 $26,702 $56,582 $73,514
2023 $9,741 $24,822 $55,245 $71,946
2022 $7,757 $22,138 $50,639 $69,128
2021 $7,242 $18,213 $51,658 $60,669
2020 $6,028 $16,288 $45,906 $56,120
2019 $6,069 $16,442 $46,717 $56,712
2018 $5,898 $15,055 $47,487 $52,467
2017 $5,006 $14,111 $44,035 $50,256
2016 $4,458 $13,056 $41,855 $48,415
2015 $4,200 $12,387 $40,894 $46,072
2014 $4,794 $11,788 $47,996 $45,148
2013 $4,543 $10,882 $46,965 $43,864
2012 $4,281 $10,609 $44,874 $42,484
2011 $4,466 $10,273 $47,761 $41,245
2010 $4,149 $9,755 $44,197 $39,840
2009 $4,214 $9,031 $44,923 $37,906
2008 $4,499 $8,469 $48,303 $37,883
2007 $3,743 $7,585 $44,319 $36,798
2006 $3,058 $6,753 $38,705 $35,251
2005 $2,742 $6,014 $36,810 $33,178
2004 $2,447 $5,595 $35,429 $32,060
2003 $1,909 $5,169 $30,655 $30,931
2002 $1,480 $4,840 $25,006 $30,282
2001 $1,326 $4,451 $23,015 $28,794
2000 $1,160 $3,978 $23,099 $27,794
1999 $1,056 $3,549 $25,253 $25,441
1998 $831 $3,086 $25,338 $24,370
1997 $729 $2,760 $24,821 $23,733
1996 $1,021 $3,054 $27,490 $22,745
1995 $911 $2,777 $28,414 $22,446
1994 $586 $2,385 $24,209 $21,518
1993 $367 $2,143 $22,284 $20,473
1992 $200.9 $1,899 $23,373 $20,272
1991 $337 $1,989 $21,042 $19,601
1990 $617 $2,656 $20,600 $18,688
1989 $698 - $16,525 -
1988 $653 - $16,391 -
1987 $675 - $15,136 -
1986 $694 - $12,170 -
1985 $640 - $8,751 -
1984 $639 - $8,457 -
1983 $662 - $8,846 -
1982 $668 - $9,344 -
1981 $663 - $10,623 -
1980 $591 - $12,864 -
1979 - - $11,811 -
1978 - - $10,290 -
1977 - - $8,427 -
1976 - - $7,243 -
1975 - - $6,701 -
1974 - - $5,734 -
1973 - - $4,901 -
1972 - - $3,832 -
1971 - - $3,083 -
1970 - - $2,766 -
1969 - - $2,490 -
1968 - - $2,251 -
1967 - - $2,114 -
1966 - - $1,983 -
1965 - - $1,860 -
1964 - - $1,724 -
1963 - - $1,555 -
1962 - - $1,457 -
1961 - - $1,368 -
1960 - - $1,290 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/albania/belgium | CC BY

Albania's GDP per capita is $12,998, ranking 79/197, compared to $60,750 in Belgium, ranking 17/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Albania ranks 79th at $26,702, while Belgium ranks 21st at $73,514.

Economic indicators

Albania Belgium
Gross domestic product
$30.5B
2025
$725B
2025
GDP rank
113/197
2025
23/197
2025
GDP growth
3.79%
2024-2025
0.98%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$12,998
2025
$60,750
2025
GDP per capita rank
79/197
2025
17/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$26,702
2024
$73,514
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
79/197
2024
21/197
2024
Government debt
$16.1B
2025
$771B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
52.6%
2025
106.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$6,837
2025
$64,598
2025
Government debt per person rank
72/185
2025
4/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$9,481
2026
$35,730
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$321B
2018
Number of millionaires n/a
556,000
2026
Number of billionaires
1
2026
11
2026
Income share by richest 10%
22.8%
2020
22.2%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.4%
2020
3.7%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
30.1%
2025
55%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.2%
2024-2025
2.47%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
2.5%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
8.43%
2024
6.2%
2025
Population
2332078
11967185

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Albania
Spending

Debt
Belgium
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Albania Belgium
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 30.1% 52.6% 55% 106.3%
2024 28.9% 54.5% 54.1% 103.9%
2023 28.5% 58% 52.8% 102.2%
2022 30.3% 64.7% 52.5% 103.1%
2021 31.9% 74.8% 54.9% 108.5%
2020 32.4% 75.4% 58.5% 111.2%
2019 28.7% 66.6% 51.8% 97.6%
2018 28.7% 68.5% 52.5% 100.1%
2017 29.2% 71.9% 52.3% 102.5%
2016 29.1% 73.3% 53.4% 105.5%
2015 30.8% 73.7% 53.9% 105.6%
2014 31.7% 72% 55.4% 106.6%
2013 29.2% 70.4% 55.9% 105%
2012 28.2% 62.1% 56.2% 104.3%
2011 28.9% 59.4% 55% 102.7%
2010 29.4% 57.7% 53.9% 100.2%
2009 32.7% 59.7% 54.5% 99.9%
2008 31.7% 55.1% 50.8% 93.2%
2007 29.3% 53.6% 48.6% 87.3%
2006 29.2% 56.7% 48.8% 91.5%
2005 28.9% 58.2% 51.9% 95.1%
2004 30.2% 57.5% 49.3% 97.2%
2003 29.7% 60.2% 51% 101.7%
2002 31.5% 64.1% 49.9% 105.4%
2001 32.7% 60.6% 49.4% 108.2%
2000 33.8% 63.8% 49.4% 109.6%
1999 37.1% 68.2% 50.5% 115.4%
1998 36.8% 71.2% 51% 119.2%
1997 30.3% 72.2% 51.6% 124.3%
1996 - - 53.1% 129%
1995 - - 52.6% 131.3%
1994 - - 54.7% 137.1%
1993 - - 57.1% 138.9%
1992 - - 55.9% 134.7%
1991 - - 55.6% 131.8%
1990 - - 54.4% 130.3%
1989 - - 52.3% 126.4%
1988 - - 53.9% 129.7%
1987 - - 55.8% 129.2%
1986 - - 57.6% 124.7%
1985 - - 58.4% 119.4%
1984 - - 59.1% 114.6%
1983 - - 62.2% 110.3%
1982 - - 59.6% 99.6%
1981 - - 61.5% 89.7%
1980 - - 54.9% 76.8%
1979 - - 54.8% 69.2%
1978 - - 52.8% 65.2%
1977 - - 52.2% 61.6%
1976 - - 50.4% 61.4%
1975 - - 50.2% 59.5%
1974 - - 44.5% 61.7%
1973 - - 45% 63.7%
1972 - - 45% 64.9%
1971 - - 43.9% 63.5%
1970 - - 42.7% 66.6%
1969 - - 26.5% 51.6%
1968 - - 26.7% 54.5%
1967 - - 25.5% 54.1%
1966 - - 25.1% 55.6%
1965 - - 23.4% 57.6%
1964 - - 22.5% 59.4%
1963 - - 23.1% 64.1%
1962 - - 22.5% 65.3%
1961 - - 22.1% 67.8%
1960 - - 23.7% 69.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/albania/belgium | CC BY

In 2025, Albania's government spending was $9.19B, accounting for 30.1% of its GDP, while Belgium spent $399B, or 55% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 52.6% in Albania and 106.3% in Belgium, ranking 96/185 and 17/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Albania

Belgium
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Albania Belgium
2025 -1.75% -5.26%
2024 -0.72% -4.36%
2023 -1.32% -4.01%
2022 -3.64% -3.6%
2021 -4.57% -5.4%
2020 -6.67% -9.03%
2019 -1.84% -2.05%
2018 -1.58% -1.05%
2017 -1.41% -0.76%
2016 -1.5% -2.43%
2015 -4.32% -2.48%
2014 -5.46% -3.18%
2013 -5.22% -3.16%
2012 -3.44% -4.35%
2011 -3.52% -4.44%
2010 -3.52% -4.13%
2009 -6.59% -5.45%
2008 -4.88% -1.1%
2007 -3.18% 0.07%
2006 -3.26% 0.24%
2005 -3.46% -2.72%
2004 -5.16% -0.24%
2003 -5.01% -1.86%
2002 -6.21% -0.04%
2001 -6.84% 0.23%
2000 -7.77% -0.08%
1999 -8.84% -0.65%
1998 -9.93% -1.03%
1997 -11.9% -2.15%
1996 - -4%
1995 - -4.51%
1994 - -5.29%
1993 - -7.71%
1992 - -8.42%
1991 - -7.67%
1990 - -6.99%
1989 - -7.58%
1988 - -7.28%
1987 - -7.89%
1986 - -9.96%
1985 - -10.1%
1984 - -10.8%
1983 - -14.5%
1982 - -12.3%
1981 - -15.5%
1980 - -9.43%
1979 - -8.33%
1978 - -6.51%
1977 - -6.51%
1976 - -6.61%
1975 - -6.45%
1974 - -3.87%
1973 - -5.02%
1972 - -6.07%
1971 - -4.45%
1970 - -3.51%
1969 - -3.34%
1968 - -3.69%
1967 - -2.76%
1966 - -3.08%
1965 - -2.9%
1964 - -2.27%
1963 - -2.8%
1962 - -2.12%
1961 - -2.34%
1960 - -4.89%
1959 - -5.21%
1958 - -4.33%
1957 - -1.27%
1956 - 1.85%
1955 - -1.05%
1954 - 2.34%
1953 - 0.14%
1952 - -0.26%
1951 - 0.59%
1950 - -2.01%
1949 - -2.05%
1948 - -2.29%
1947 - -14.5%
1946 - 1.87%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -5.81%
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -6.86%
1938 - -5.17%
1937 - -4.71%
1936 - -4.92%
1935 - -5.94%
1934 - -2.78%
1933 - -1.69%
1932 - -
1931 - -
1930 - -2.48%
1929 - -
1928 - -
1927 - 3.06%
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 - -5.53%
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -1.4%
1912 - -1.39%
1911 - -0.92%
1910 - -0.18%
1909 - 0.13%
1908 - -0.95%
1907 - -0.81%
1906 - -1.35%
1905 - 1.23%
1904 - 0.004%
1903 - 0.08%
1902 - 0.22%
1901 - 0.55%
1900 - -0.54%
1899 - -1.64%
1898 - -0.28%
1897 - -0.25%
1896 - 0.94%
1895 - -0.33%
1894 - 0.06%
1893 - 0.07%
1892 - 0.17%
1891 - -0.005%
1890 - -0.83%
1889 - 0.3%
1888 - -0.21%
1887 - -0.12%
1886 - 0.54%
1885 - -0.43%
1884 - -0.26%
1883 - -0.54%
1882 - -0.3%
1881 - 0.08%
1880 - 0.12%
1879 - -1.51%
1878 - -1.78%
1877 - -2.52%
1876 - -0.77%
1875 - -0.88%
1874 - -1.02%
1873 - -2.08%
1872 - -0.7%
1871 - -0.64%
1870 - -0.58%
1869 - -0.35%
1868 - -0.39%
1867 - -0.49%
1866 - -0.87%
1865 - -0.55%
1864 - -0.62%
1863 - -0.72%
1862 - -0.49%
1861 - -0.22%
1860 - -0.13%
1859 - 0.1%
1858 - 0.35%
1857 - 0%
1856 - -0.26%
1855 - -0.28%
1854 - -0.4%
1853 - -0.3%
1852 - -0.44%
1851 - -0.05%
1850 - -0.11%
1849 - 0.11%
1848 - -1.41%
1847 - -0.69%
1846 - -0.52%
1845 - -1.17%
1844 - -4.92%
1843 - -0.86%
1842 - -0.89%
1841 - -0.75%
1840 - 0.16%
1839 - -0.43%
1838 - 0.23%
1837 - -0.11%
1836 - 0.18%
1835 - 0.27%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/albania/belgium | CC BY

In 2025, Albania's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $533M, equivalent to 1.75% of GDP. This compares to Belgium's deficit of $38.1B, or 5.26% of GDP.

Over the past 29 years, Albania recorded a fiscal deficit in 29 of those years, while Belgium ran a deficit in 26 years. On average, Albania posted an annual deficit equal to 4.6% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.57% of GDP for Belgium.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Albania

Belgium
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Albania Belgium
2025 2.2% 2.47%
2024 2.2% 3.14%
2023 4.8% 4.05%
2022 6.7% 9.6%
2021 2% 2.44%
2020 1.6% 0.74%
2019 1.4% 1.44%
2018 2% 2.05%
2017 2% 2.13%
2016 1.3% 1.97%
2015 1.9% 0.56%
2014 1.6% 0.34%
2013 1.9% 1.11%
2012 2% 2.84%
2011 3.4% 3.53%
2010 3.6% 2.19%
2009 2.2% -0.05%
2008 3.3% 4.49%
2007 3% 1.82%
2006 2.4% 1.79%
2005 2.4% 2.78%
2004 2.9% 2.1%
2003 2.4% 1.59%
2002 5.2% 1.65%
2001 3.1% 2.47%
2000 0% 2.54%
1999 0.4% 1.12%
1998 20.6% 0.95%
1997 33.2% 1.63%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/albania/belgium | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Albania has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.2%, compared with 2.26% in Belgium. In 2025, inflation was 2.2% in Albania and 2.47% in Belgium.

Top exports between countries

Albania
Export category Export value
Transport & tourism services $61.9M
IT & IP services $6.16M
Business & finance services $5.62M
Metals $4.18M
Manufacturing & construction services $2.05M
Raw materials & minerals $855K
Textiles & consumer goods $830K
Machinery & equipment $686K
Raw agricultural goods $526K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $438K
Belgium
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $19.3M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $15.3M
Metals $14.3M
Chemicals & pharma $10.3M
Textiles & consumer goods $4.19M
Animal & marine products $2.54M
Raw materials & minerals $1.95M
Wood & paper products $1.79M
Precious metals & jewellery $842K
Miscellaneous $164K

Balance of trade

Albania Belgium
Current account balance
-$161M
2025
-$14B
2025
Current account balance ranking
86/190
2025
179/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.53%
2025
-1.93%
2025
Goods imports
$8.52B
2025
$386B
2025
Goods exports
$1.76B
2025
$387B
2025
Service imports
$4.55B
2025
$175B
2025
Service exports
$9.66B
2025
$160B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
42.5%
2025
77.5%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
37%
2025
75.5%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Albania Belgium
Economic freedom 68 69.2
Economic freedom ranking 50/197 42/197
Property rights 57.6 91.1
Government integrity 41.9 78.2
Judicial effectiveness 59.9 91.6
Tax burden 89.3 50.6
Government spending 74.3 14.6
Fiscal health 88 53.4
Business freedom 76.6 82.5
Labor freedom 46.2 57.5
Monetary freedom 78.6 76.8
Trade freedom 83 79.4
Investment freedom 60 85
Financial freedom 60 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Albania
Belgium
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Albania Belgium
2026 68 69.2
2025 66.6 69
2024 64.8 65.6
2023 65.3 67.1
2022 66.6 69.6
2021 65.2 70.1
2020 66.9 68.9
2019 66.5 67.3
2018 64.5 67.5
2017 64.4 67.8
2016 65.9 68.4
2015 65.7 68.8
2014 66.9 69.9
2013 65.2 69.2
2012 65.1 69
2011 64 70.2
2010 66 70.1
2009 63.7 72.1
2008 62.4 71.7
2007 61.4 72.5
2006 60.3 71.8
2005 57.8 69
2004 58.5 68.7
2003 56.8 68.1
2002 56.8 67.6
2001 56.6 63.8
2000 53.6 63.5
1999 53.4 62.9
1998 53.9 64.7
1997 54.8 64.6
1996 53.8 66
1995 49.7 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/albania/belgium | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Albania is 68, ranking 50/197, compared to 69.2 for Belgium, ranking 42/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Albania Belgium
Services, % of GDP
49.7%
2025
71.2%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
21.8%
2025
18.6%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
14.8%
2025
0.73%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$28.3B
2025
$711B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$28,170
2025
$75,620
2025
Total reserves including gold
$8.6B
2025
$56.4B
2025
Total reserves ranking
86/177
2025
44/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.51B
2025
$9.47B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.71B
2024
-$41.4B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$261M
2024
$4.71B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.25%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
19.7%
2022
12.3%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
25%
2024
25.7%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/albania/belgium | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.