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Economy of Belgium vs Guinea compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Belgium has a GDP of $725B compared to $28.3B for Guinea, ranking 23/197 and 117/197 by economy size, respectively.

Belgium has $771B in government debt (106.3% of GDP), compared to $13.6B (48.1% of GDP) in Guinea.

Belgium vs Guinea GDP by year

Belgium
Guinea
1x
Year GDP, current $
Belgium Guinea
2025 $725,466,462,860 $28,346,024,753
2024 $670,983,130,619 $25,008,678,293
2023 $650,779,364,364 $22,407,615,556
2022 $591,474,463,579 $19,910,452,542
2021 $598,522,422,242 $17,069,115,738
2020 $529,694,473,502 $14,088,693,743
2019 $536,726,344,405 $13,442,861,496
2018 $542,638,913,428 $11,857,030,367
2017 $500,908,767,352 $10,324,668,271
2016 $474,271,566,740 $8,595,955,222
2015 $461,044,767,545 $8,794,201,743
2014 $537,987,419,164 $8,778,473,373
2013 $524,097,026,599 $8,376,613,539
2012 $498,414,364,945 $7,638,044,557
2011 $527,196,649,049 $6,785,137,203
2010 $481,556,503,720 $6,853,467,146
2009 $485,014,525,992 $6,716,905,340
2008 $517,328,087,920 $6,964,179,983
2007 $470,922,156,309 $6,281,918,226
2006 $408,259,840,869 $4,220,019,845
2005 $385,714,762,230 $4,282,468,637
2004 $369,214,712,443 $5,300,767,961
2003 $318,082,528,507 $5,025,167,975
2002 $258,383,599,375 $4,301,608,753
2001 $236,746,141,604 $4,125,527,603
2000 $236,792,460,312 $4,367,458,867
1999 $258,245,733,221 $5,046,806,783
1998 $258,528,339,631 $5,232,118,046
1997 $252,708,051,421 $5,516,916,163
1996 $279,201,433,225 $5,641,243,100
1995 $288,025,588,396 $5,385,704,166
1994 $244,884,129,491 $4,932,800,407
1993 $224,721,795,709 $4,781,166,117
1992 $234,781,652,447 $4,789,220,417
1991 $210,510,999,409 $4,396,178,694
1990 $205,331,747,948 $3,888,320,666
1989 $164,221,056,511 $3,546,079,263
1988 $162,299,103,675 $3,476,480,303
1987 $149,394,404,106 $2,976,714,019
1986 $120,018,787,249 $2,909,130,355
1985 $86,268,264,148 $22,787,644,566
1984 $83,349,530,159 $18,421,497,251
1983 $87,184,239,053 $15,129,893,722
1982 $92,095,926,188 $11,926,032,493
1981 $104,730,018,470 $9,646,440,667
1980 $126,829,314,388 $9,746,524,915
1979 $116,315,456,797 $8,877,094,497
1978 $101,246,526,194 $8,087,305,999
1977 $82,839,905,459 $6,914,381,291
1976 $71,113,882,968 $6,762,781,871
1975 $65,678,189,097 $6,102,769,605
1974 $56,033,077,879 $5,691,417,541
1973 $47,743,801,490 $5,152,080,388
1972 $37,209,418,019 $4,203,069,035
1971 $29,821,661,870 $3,594,302,908
1970 $26,706,196,047 $3,220,224,608
1969 $24,019,653,475 -
1968 $21,654,856,965 -
1967 $20,252,508,995 -
1966 $18,894,891,312 -
1965 $17,597,783,297 -
1964 $16,168,044,450 -
1963 $14,445,805,381 -
1962 $13,436,827,167 -
1961 $12,561,701,694 -
1960 $11,810,619,368 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/guinea | CC BY

GDP per capita in Belgium vs Guinea by year

Belgium
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Guinea
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Belgium Guinea
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $60,750 - $1,877 -
2024 $56,582 $73,514 $1,695 $4,565
2023 $55,245 $71,946 $1,555 $4,334
2022 $50,639 $69,128 $1,417 $4,062
2021 $51,658 $60,669 $1,245 $3,739
2020 $45,906 $56,120 $1,054 $3,332
2019 $46,717 $56,712 $1,031 $3,106
2018 $47,487 $52,467 $933 $2,844
2017 $44,035 $50,256 $834 $2,687
2016 $41,855 $48,415 $712 $2,255
2015 $40,894 $46,072 $747 $1,930
2014 $47,996 $45,148 $765 $1,873
2013 $46,965 $43,864 $748 $1,842
2012 $44,874 $42,484 $699 $1,790
2011 $47,761 $41,245 $637 $1,705
2010 $44,197 $39,840 $659 $1,622
2009 $44,923 $37,906 $662 $1,567
2008 $48,303 $37,883 $704 $1,614
2007 $44,319 $36,798 $650 $1,558
2006 $38,705 $35,251 $447 $1,453
2005 $36,810 $33,178 $463 $1,422
2004 $35,429 $32,060 $585 $1,366
2003 $30,655 $30,931 $566 $1,328
2002 $25,006 $30,282 $496 $1,315
2001 $23,015 $28,794 $483 $1,251
2000 $23,099 $27,794 $518 $1,196
1999 $25,253 $25,441 $611 $1,163
1998 $25,338 $24,370 $647 $1,130
1997 $24,821 $23,733 $696 $1,099
1996 $27,490 $22,745 $726 $1,048
1995 $28,414 $22,446 $713 $1,014
1994 $24,209 $21,518 $672 $976
1993 $22,284 $20,473 $671 $947
1992 $23,373 $20,272 $693 $908
1991 $21,042 $19,601 $656 $887
1990 $20,600 $18,688 $604 $871
1989 $16,525 - $570 -
1988 $16,391 - $574 -
1987 $15,136 - $505 -
1986 $12,170 - $506 -
1985 $8,751 - $4,062 -
1984 $8,457 - $3,362 -
1983 $8,846 - $2,823 -
1982 $9,344 - $2,273 -
1981 $10,623 - $1,876 -
1980 $12,864 - $1,931 -
1979 $11,811 - $1,790 -
1978 $10,290 - $1,658 -
1977 $8,427 - $1,440 -
1976 $7,243 - $1,431 -
1975 $6,701 - $1,311 -
1974 $5,734 - $1,243 -
1973 $4,901 - $1,143 -
1972 $3,832 - $948 -
1971 $3,083 - $825 -
1970 $2,766 - $753 -
1969 $2,490 - - -
1968 $2,251 - - -
1967 $2,114 - - -
1966 $1,983 - - -
1965 $1,860 - - -
1964 $1,724 - - -
1963 $1,555 - - -
1962 $1,457 - - -
1961 $1,368 - - -
1960 $1,290 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/guinea | CC BY

Belgium's GDP per capita is $60,750, ranking 17/197, compared to $1,877 in Guinea, ranking 161/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Belgium ranks 21st at $73,514, while Guinea ranks 161st at $4,565.

Economic indicators

Belgium Guinea
Gross domestic product
$725B
2025
$28.3B
2025
GDP rank
23/197
2025
117/197
2025
GDP growth
0.98%
2024-2025
7.45%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$60,750
2025
$1,877
2025
GDP per capita rank
17/197
2025
161/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,514
2024
$4,565
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
21/197
2024
161/197
2024
Government debt
$771B
2025
$13.6B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
106.3%
2025
48.1%
2025
Government debt per person
$64,598
2025
$902
2025
Government debt per person rank
4/185
2025
146/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,730
2026
$1,966
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$321B
2018
n/a
Number of millionaires
556,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
11
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.2%
2023
23.1%
2018
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2023
3.5%
2018
Government expenditure, % of GDP
55%
2025
25.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.47%
2024-2025
3.1%
2024-2025
Unemployment rate
6.2%
2025
5.02%
2019
Population
11967185
15624314

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Belgium
Spending

Debt
Guinea
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Belgium Guinea
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 55% 106.3% 25.2% 48.1%
2024 54.1% 103.9% 20.6% 48.3%
2023 52.8% 102.2% 18.3% 39.8%
2022 52.5% 103.1% 15.7% 37.2%
2021 54.9% 108.5% 15.1% 40.6%
2020 58.5% 111.2% 17.1% 45.3%
2019 51.8% 97.6% 14.9% 37.3%
2018 52.5% 100.1% 15.9% 37.5%
2017 52.3% 102.5% 17.3% 39.9%
2016 53.4% 105.5% 16.1% 40.6%
2015 53.9% 105.6% 21.7% 41.5%
2014 55.4% 106.6% 20.1% 32.1%
2013 55.9% 105% 18.6% 30.5%
2012 56.2% 104.3% 19.6% 26.9%
2011 55% 102.7% 16% 53.8%
2010 53.9% 100.2% 20.5% 71.1%
2009 54.5% 99.9% 16.2% 61.3%
2008 50.8% 93.2% 10.1% 58.5%
2007 48.6% 87.3% 8.66% 60.8%
2006 48.8% 91.5% 13.2% 95.2%
2005 51.9% 95.1% 11% 97.9%
2004 49.3% 97.2% 13% 86.9%
2003 51% 101.7% 14.7% 81.6%
2002 49.9% 105.4% 14.4% 82.6%
2001 49.4% 108.2% 14.9% 90.4%
2000 49.4% 109.6% 12.6% 91.5%
1999 50.5% 115.4% 11.6% 92.3%
1998 51% 119.2% 10.3% 75.9%
1997 51.6% 124.3% 12.6% 67.9%
1996 53.1% 129% 12% 67.7%
1995 52.6% 131.3% 12.7% 66.5%
1994 54.7% 137.1% 12.6% 71.3%
1993 57.1% 138.9% 13.3% 68.9%
1992 55.9% 134.7% 13.8% 62%
1991 55.6% 131.8% 16.3% 70.9%
1990 54.4% 130.3% 18.7% 71.6%
1989 52.3% 126.4% - -
1988 53.9% 129.7% - -
1987 55.8% 129.2% - -
1986 57.6% 124.7% - -
1985 58.4% 119.4% - -
1984 59.1% 114.6% - -
1983 62.2% 110.3% - -
1982 59.6% 99.6% - -
1981 61.5% 89.7% - -
1980 54.9% 76.8% - -
1979 54.8% 69.2% - -
1978 52.8% 65.2% - -
1977 52.2% 61.6% - -
1976 50.4% 61.4% - -
1975 50.2% 59.5% - -
1974 44.5% 61.7% - -
1973 45% 63.7% - -
1972 45% 64.9% - -
1971 43.9% 63.5% - -
1970 42.7% 66.6% - -
1969 26.5% 51.6% - -
1968 26.7% 54.5% - -
1967 25.5% 54.1% - -
1966 25.1% 55.6% - -
1965 23.4% 57.6% - -
1964 22.5% 59.4% - -
1963 23.1% 64.1% - -
1962 22.5% 65.3% - -
1961 22.1% 67.8% - -
1960 23.7% 69.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/guinea | CC BY

In 2025, Belgium's government spending was $399B, accounting for 55% of its GDP, while Guinea spent $7.13B, or 25.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 106.3% in Belgium and 48.1% in Guinea, ranking 17/185 and 111/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Belgium

Guinea
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Belgium Guinea
2025 -5.26% -7%
2024 -4.36% -4.99%
2023 -4.01% -3.86%
2022 -3.6% -1.88%
2021 -5.4% -1.7%
2020 -9.03% -3.08%
2019 -2.05% -0.17%
2018 -1.05% -0.97%
2017 -0.76% -1.98%
2016 -2.43% -0.08%
2015 -2.48% -6.53%
2014 -3.18% -3.01%
2013 -3.16% -3.86%
2012 -4.35% 23.7%
2011 -4.44% -0.92%
2010 -4.13% -9.66%
2009 -5.45% -4.87%
2008 -1.1% 0.38%
2007 0.07% 1.28%
2006 0.24% -2.13%
2005 -2.72% -1.06%
2004 -0.24% -3.85%
2003 -1.86% -4.65%
2002 -0.04% -3.37%
2001 0.23% -3.23%
2000 -0.08% -2.42%
1999 -0.65% -1.3%
1998 -1.03% 2.46%
1997 -2.15% 0.07%
1996 -4% -2.2%
1995 -4.51% -1.07%
1994 -5.29% -2.59%
1993 -7.71% -2.33%
1992 -8.42% -0.89%
1991 -7.67% -3.25%
1990 -6.99% -3.76%
1989 -7.58% -
1988 -7.28% -
1987 -7.89% -
1986 -9.96% -
1985 -10.1% -
1984 -10.8% -
1983 -14.5% -
1982 -12.3% -
1981 -15.5% -
1980 -9.43% -
1979 -8.33% -
1978 -6.51% -
1977 -6.51% -
1976 -6.61% -
1975 -6.45% -
1974 -3.87% -
1973 -5.02% -
1972 -6.07% -
1971 -4.45% -
1970 -3.51% -
1969 -3.34% -
1968 -3.69% -
1967 -2.76% -
1966 -3.08% -
1965 -2.9% -
1964 -2.27% -
1963 -2.8% -
1962 -2.12% -
1961 -2.34% -
1960 -4.89% -
1959 -5.21% -
1958 -4.33% -
1957 -1.27% -
1956 1.85% -
1955 -1.05% -
1954 2.34% -
1953 0.14% -
1952 -0.26% -
1951 0.59% -
1950 -2.01% -
1949 -2.05% -
1948 -2.29% -
1947 -14.5% -
1946 1.87% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 -5.81% -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 -6.86% -
1938 -5.17% -
1937 -4.71% -
1936 -4.92% -
1935 -5.94% -
1934 -2.78% -
1933 -1.69% -
1932 - -
1931 - -
1930 -2.48% -
1929 - -
1928 - -
1927 3.06% -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 -5.53% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -1.4% -
1912 -1.39% -
1911 -0.92% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 0.13% -
1908 -0.95% -
1907 -0.81% -
1906 -1.35% -
1905 1.23% -
1904 0.004% -
1903 0.08% -
1902 0.22% -
1901 0.55% -
1900 -0.54% -
1899 -1.64% -
1898 -0.28% -
1897 -0.25% -
1896 0.94% -
1895 -0.33% -
1894 0.06% -
1893 0.07% -
1892 0.17% -
1891 -0.005% -
1890 -0.83% -
1889 0.3% -
1888 -0.21% -
1887 -0.12% -
1886 0.54% -
1885 -0.43% -
1884 -0.26% -
1883 -0.54% -
1882 -0.3% -
1881 0.08% -
1880 0.12% -
1879 -1.51% -
1878 -1.78% -
1877 -2.52% -
1876 -0.77% -
1875 -0.88% -
1874 -1.02% -
1873 -2.08% -
1872 -0.7% -
1871 -0.64% -
1870 -0.58% -
1869 -0.35% -
1868 -0.39% -
1867 -0.49% -
1866 -0.87% -
1865 -0.55% -
1864 -0.62% -
1863 -0.72% -
1862 -0.49% -
1861 -0.22% -
1860 -0.13% -
1859 0.1% -
1858 0.35% -
1857 0% -
1856 -0.26% -
1855 -0.28% -
1854 -0.4% -
1853 -0.3% -
1852 -0.44% -
1851 -0.05% -
1850 -0.11% -
1849 0.11% -
1848 -1.41% -
1847 -0.69% -
1846 -0.52% -
1845 -1.17% -
1844 -4.92% -
1843 -0.86% -
1842 -0.89% -
1841 -0.75% -
1840 0.16% -
1839 -0.43% -
1838 0.23% -
1837 -0.11% -
1836 0.18% -
1835 0.27% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/guinea | CC BY

In 2025, Belgium's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $38.1B, equivalent to 5.26% of GDP. This compares to Guinea's deficit of $1.98B, or 7% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, Belgium recorded a fiscal deficit in 33 of those years, while Guinea ran a deficit in 31 years. On average, Belgium posted an annual deficit equal to 3.31% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.8% of GDP for Guinea.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Belgium

Guinea
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Belgium Guinea
2025 2.47% 3.1%
2024 3.14% 4.5%
2023 4.05% 5.4%
2022 9.6% 10.5%
2021 2.44% 12.6%
2020 0.74% 10.6%
2019 1.44% 9.5%
2018 2.05% 9.8%
2017 2.13% 8.9%
2016 1.97% 8.2%
2015 0.56% 8.2%
2014 0.34% 9.7%
2013 1.11% 11.9%
2012 2.84% 15.2%
2011 3.53% 21.4%
2010 2.19% 15.5%
2009 -0.05% 4.7%
2008 4.49% 18.4%
2007 1.82% 22.9%
2006 1.79% 34.7%
2005 2.78% 31.4%
2004 2.1% 17.5%
2003 1.59% 11%
2002 1.65% 3%
2001 2.47% 5.4%
2000 2.54% 6.8%
1999 1.12% 4.6%
1998 0.95% 5.1%
1997 1.63% 1.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/guinea | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Belgium has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.26%, compared with 11.5% in Guinea. In 2025, inflation was 2.47% in Belgium and 3.1% in Guinea.

Top exports between countries

Belgium
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $224M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $54.9M
Chemicals & pharma $14.3M
Animal & marine products $9.86M
Metals $9.69M
Textiles & consumer goods $7.28M
Raw materials & minerals $6.39M
Wood & paper products $1.43M
Raw agricultural goods $791K
Miscellaneous $107K
Guinea
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $40.3M
Machinery & equipment $3.08M
Metals $583K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $408K
Raw agricultural goods $391K
Miscellaneous $84K
Wood & paper products $54K
Animal & marine products $1K

Balance of trade

Belgium Guinea
Current account balance
-$14B
2025
-$392M
2024
Current account balance ranking
179/190
2025
101/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.93%
2025
-1.57%
2024
Goods imports
$386B
2025
$7.08B
2024
Goods exports
$387B
2025
$11.6B
2024
Service imports
$175B
2025
$3.15B
2024
Service exports
$160B
2025
$71.2M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
77.5%
2025
62.3%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
75.5%
2025
41.4%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Belgium Guinea
Economic freedom 69.2 53.1
Economic freedom ranking 42/197 141/197
Property rights 91.1 21.3
Government integrity 78.2 26.7
Judicial effectiveness 91.6 26
Tax burden 50.6 70.1
Government spending 14.6 90.1
Fiscal health 53.4 74.8
Business freedom 82.5 44.8
Labor freedom 57.5 56.4
Monetary freedom 76.8 75.3
Trade freedom 79.4 61.8
Investment freedom 85 50
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Belgium
Guinea
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Belgium Guinea
2026 69.2 53.1
2025 69 54.6
2024 65.6 53.3
2023 67.1 53.2
2022 69.6 54.2
2021 70.1 56.5
2020 68.9 56.5
2019 67.3 55.7
2018 67.5 52.2
2017 67.8 47.6
2016 68.4 53.3
2015 68.8 52.1
2014 69.9 53.5
2013 69.2 51.2
2012 69 50.8
2011 70.2 51.7
2010 70.1 51.8
2009 72.1 51
2008 71.7 52.8
2007 72.5 54.5
2006 71.8 52.8
2005 69 57.4
2004 68.7 56.1
2003 68.1 54.6
2002 67.6 52.9
2001 63.8 58.4
2000 63.5 58.2
1999 62.9 59.4
1998 64.7 61
1997 64.6 52.9
1996 66 58.5
1995 - 59.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/guinea | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Belgium is 69.2, ranking 42/197, compared to 53.1 for Guinea, ranking 141/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Belgium Guinea
Services, % of GDP
71.2%
2025
35.7%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
18.6%
2025
25.4%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.73%
2025
31.3%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$711B
2025
$26.2B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$75,620
2025
$4,730
2025
Total reserves including gold
$56.4B
2025
$1.35B
2024
Total reserves ranking
44/177
2025
137/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$9.47B
2025
-$1.4B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$41.4B
2024
$1.4B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.71B
2024
$30K
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
1.94%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.3%
2022
47%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
25.7%
2025
37%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2016–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.