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Economy of Belgium vs Sierra Leone compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Belgium has a GDP of $725B compared to $7.46B for Sierra Leone, ranking 23/197 and 160/197 by economy size, respectively.

Belgium has $771B in government debt (106.3% of GDP), compared to $3.38B (45.2% of GDP) in Sierra Leone.

Belgium vs Sierra Leone GDP by year

Belgium
Sierra Leone
1x
Year GDP, current $
Belgium Sierra Leone
2025 $725,466,462,860 $7,464,157,904
2024 $670,983,130,619 $6,971,127,234
2023 $650,779,364,364 $6,415,852,766
2022 $591,474,463,579 $7,121,125,277
2021 $598,522,422,242 $7,166,931,483
2020 $529,694,473,502 $6,688,307,706
2019 $536,726,344,405 $6,523,577,590
2018 $542,638,913,428 $6,390,514,689
2017 $500,908,767,352 $5,749,846,528
2016 $474,271,566,740 $6,084,297,211
2015 $461,044,767,545 $6,788,352,975
2014 $537,987,419,164 $7,686,138,791
2013 $524,097,026,599 $7,502,762,863
2012 $498,414,364,945 $6,141,666,509
2011 $527,196,649,049 $4,861,632,885
2010 $481,556,503,720 $4,262,805,967
2009 $485,014,525,992 $3,953,403,098
2008 $517,328,087,920 $4,157,895,298
2007 $470,922,156,309 $3,632,957,611
2006 $408,259,840,869 $3,263,697,467
2005 $385,714,762,230 $2,545,275,313
2004 $369,214,712,443 $2,237,350,687
2003 $318,082,528,507 $2,142,618,046
2002 $258,383,599,375 $1,933,863,911
2001 $236,746,141,604 $1,681,473,894
2000 $236,792,460,312 $635,866,404
1999 $258,245,733,221 $669,386,624
1998 $258,528,339,631 $672,368,187
1997 $252,708,051,421 $850,232,760
1996 $279,201,433,225 $941,709,423
1995 $288,025,588,396 $870,740,292
1994 $244,884,129,491 $911,853,802
1993 $224,721,795,709 $768,867,883
1992 $234,781,652,447 $679,940,814
1991 $210,510,999,409 $779,981,987
1990 $205,331,747,948 $649,644,098
1989 $164,221,056,511 $932,974,420
1988 $162,299,103,675 $1,055,083,933
1987 $149,394,404,106 $660,106,336
1986 $120,018,787,249 $490,181,457
1985 $86,268,264,148 $856,890,459
1984 $83,349,530,159 $1,087,471,862
1983 $87,184,239,053 $995,104,305
1982 $92,095,926,188 $1,295,361,886
1981 $104,730,018,470 $1,114,830,472
1980 $126,829,314,388 $1,100,685,845
1979 $116,315,456,797 $1,109,374,911
1978 $101,246,526,194 $960,728,339
1977 $82,839,905,459 $691,777,584
1976 $71,113,882,968 $594,895,942
1975 $65,678,189,097 $679,336,344
1974 $56,033,077,879 $648,590,643
1973 $47,743,801,490 $575,230,724
1972 $37,209,418,019 $465,381,340
1971 $29,821,661,870 $419,549,305
1970 $26,706,196,047 $434,410,974
1969 $24,019,653,475 $408,690,163
1968 $21,654,856,965 $329,859,732
1967 $20,252,508,995 $348,795,303
1966 $18,894,891,312 $375,479,850
1965 $17,597,783,297 $359,379,856
1964 $16,168,044,450 $371,847,461
1963 $14,445,805,381 $348,547,279
1962 $13,436,827,167 $342,721,416
1961 $12,561,701,694 $327,834,191
1960 $11,810,619,368 $322,009,962

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/sierra-leone | CC BY

GDP per capita in Belgium vs Sierra Leone by year

Belgium
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sierra Leone
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Belgium Sierra Leone
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $60,750 - $846 -
2024 $56,582 $73,514 $807 $3,522
2023 $55,245 $71,946 $758 $3,368
2022 $50,639 $69,128 $860 $3,144
2021 $51,658 $60,669 $885 $2,849
2020 $45,906 $56,120 $845 $2,719
2019 $46,717 $56,712 $844 $2,704
2018 $47,487 $52,467 $846 $2,640
2017 $44,035 $50,256 $779 $2,501
2016 $41,855 $48,415 $844 $2,635
2015 $40,894 $46,072 $965 $2,560
2014 $47,996 $45,148 $1,118 $2,762
2013 $46,965 $43,864 $1,117 $2,701
2012 $44,874 $42,484 $938 $2,317
2011 $47,761 $41,245 $761 $2,043
2010 $44,197 $39,840 $685 $1,900
2009 $44,923 $37,906 $653 $1,814
2008 $48,303 $37,883 $705 $1,824
2007 $44,319 $36,798 $632 $1,770
2006 $38,705 $35,251 $580 $1,698
2005 $36,810 $33,178 $463 $1,615
2004 $35,429 $32,060 $418 $1,541
2003 $30,655 $30,931 $414 $1,458
2002 $25,006 $30,282 $389 $1,360
2001 $23,015 $28,794 $358 $1,121
2000 $23,099 $27,794 $143.7 $1,242
1999 $25,253 $25,441 $155 $1,167
1998 $25,338 $24,370 $156.5 $1,180
1997 $24,821 $23,733 $199.9 $1,157
1996 $27,490 $22,745 $224.3 $1,225
1995 $28,414 $22,446 $208.4 $1,187
1994 $24,209 $21,518 $218.5 $1,266
1993 $22,284 $20,473 $185 $1,269
1992 $23,373 $20,272 $163.2 $1,220
1991 $21,042 $19,601 $183.7 $1,445
1990 $20,600 $18,688 $154.8 $1,382
1989 $16,525 - $231.3 -
1988 $16,391 - $268.2 -
1987 $15,136 - $172.4 -
1986 $12,170 - $131.5 -
1985 $8,751 - $235.5 -
1984 $8,457 - $306 -
1983 $8,846 - $285.8 -
1982 $9,344 - $380 -
1981 $10,623 - $334 -
1980 $12,864 - $336 -
1979 $11,811 - $346 -
1978 $10,290 - $305 -
1977 $8,427 - $224.2 -
1976 $7,243 - $196.4 -
1975 $6,701 - $228.4 -
1974 $5,734 - $222.1 -
1973 $4,901 - $200.6 -
1972 $3,832 - $165.4 -
1971 $3,083 - $151.8 -
1970 $2,766 - $160.2 -
1969 $2,490 - $153.6 -
1968 $2,251 - $126.3 -
1967 $2,114 - $136.1 -
1966 $1,983 - $149.3 -
1965 $1,860 - $145.6 -
1964 $1,724 - $153.4 -
1963 $1,555 - $146.3 -
1962 $1,457 - $146.3 -
1961 $1,368 - $142.3 -
1960 $1,290 - $142 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/sierra-leone | CC BY

Belgium's GDP per capita is $60,750, ranking 17/197, compared to $846 in Sierra Leone, ranking 186/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Belgium ranks 21st at $73,514, while Sierra Leone ranks 171st at $3,522.

Economic indicators

Belgium Sierra Leone
Gross domestic product
$725B
2025
$7.46B
2025
GDP rank
23/197
2025
160/197
2025
GDP growth
0.98%
2024-2025
4.61%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$60,750
2025
$846
2025
GDP per capita rank
17/197
2025
186/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,514
2024
$3,522
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
21/197
2024
171/197
2024
Government debt
$771B
2025
$3.38B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
106.3%
2025
45.2%
2025
Government debt per person
$64,598
2025
$383
2025
Government debt per person rank
4/185
2025
173/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,730
2026
$1,418
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$321B
2018
n/a
Number of millionaires
556,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
11
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.2%
2023
29.4%
2018
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2023
3.4%
2018
Government expenditure, % of GDP
55%
2025
16.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.47%
2024-2025
7.6%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
16.8%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.2%
2025
1.65%
2018
Population
11967185
9090531

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Belgium
Spending

Debt
Sierra Leone
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Belgium Sierra Leone
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 55% 106.3% 16.5% 45.2%
2024 54.1% 103.9% 17.6% 46.7%
2023 52.8% 102.2% 15.4% 49.4%
2022 52.5% 103.1% 16.7% 54%
2021 54.9% 108.5% 16.8% 47.1%
2020 58.5% 111.2% 15.6% 46.4%
2019 51.8% 97.6% 13.3% 45.3%
2018 52.5% 100.1% 13.7% 44.2%
2017 52.3% 102.5% 15% 44.2%
2016 53.4% 105.5% 14.9% 38.9%
2015 53.9% 105.6% 13.1% 28.4%
2014 55.4% 106.6% 13.5% 26.8%
2013 55.9% 105% 11.4% 22.3%
2012 56.2% 104.3% 13.5% 24.1%
2011 55% 102.7% 13.2% 25.8%
2010 53.9% 100.2% 12.5% 28.9%
2009 54.5% 99.9% 11.3% 31.1%
2008 50.8% 93.2% 10.3% 46.1%
2007 48.6% 87.3% 8.1% 26.4%
2006 48.8% 91.5% 9.97% 61.9%
2005 51.9% 95.1% 10.9% 78.9%
2004 49.3% 97.2% 11.1% 93.2%
2003 51% 101.7% 11.7% 99.8%
2002 49.9% 105.4% 12.6% 99.8%
2001 49.4% 108.2% 12% 113.5%
2000 49.4% 109.6% 10.3% -
1999 50.5% 115.4% - -
1998 51% 119.2% - -
1997 51.6% 124.3% - -
1996 53.1% 129% - -
1995 52.6% 131.3% - -
1994 54.7% 137.1% - -
1993 57.1% 138.9% - -
1992 55.9% 134.7% - -
1991 55.6% 131.8% - -
1990 54.4% 130.3% - -
1989 52.3% 126.4% - -
1988 53.9% 129.7% - -
1987 55.8% 129.2% - -
1986 57.6% 124.7% - -
1985 58.4% 119.4% - -
1984 59.1% 114.6% - -
1983 62.2% 110.3% - -
1982 59.6% 99.6% - -
1981 61.5% 89.7% - -
1980 54.9% 76.8% - -
1979 54.8% 69.2% - -
1978 52.8% 65.2% - -
1977 52.2% 61.6% - -
1976 50.4% 61.4% - -
1975 50.2% 59.5% - -
1974 44.5% 61.7% - -
1973 45% 63.7% - -
1972 45% 64.9% - -
1971 43.9% 63.5% - -
1970 42.7% 66.6% - -
1969 26.5% 51.6% - -
1968 26.7% 54.5% - -
1967 25.5% 54.1% - -
1966 25.1% 55.6% - -
1965 23.4% 57.6% - -
1964 22.5% 59.4% - -
1963 23.1% 64.1% - -
1962 22.5% 65.3% - -
1961 22.1% 67.8% - -
1960 23.7% 69.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/sierra-leone | CC BY

In 2025, Belgium's government spending was $399B, accounting for 55% of its GDP, while Sierra Leone spent $1.23B, or 16.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 106.3% in Belgium and 45.2% in Sierra Leone, ranking 17/185 and 115/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Belgium

Sierra Leone
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Belgium Sierra Leone
2025 -5.26% -4.2%
2024 -4.36% -5.16%
2023 -4.01% -4.99%
2022 -3.6% -5.93%
2021 -5.4% -4.35%
2020 -9.03% -3.5%
2019 -2.05% -1.95%
2018 -1.05% -3.57%
2017 -0.76% -5.61%
2016 -2.43% -5.41%
2015 -2.48% -2.86%
2014 -3.18% -2.77%
2013 -3.16% -1.74%
2012 -4.35% -3.41%
2011 -4.44% -2.78%
2010 -4.13% -3.09%
2009 -5.45% -1.51%
2008 -1.1% -2.22%
2007 0.07% 12.6%
2006 0.24% -0.93%
2005 -2.72% -1.17%
2004 -0.24% -1.46%
2003 -1.86% -2.78%
2002 -0.04% -3.03%
2001 0.23% -3.22%
2000 -0.08% -1.94%
1999 -0.65% -
1998 -1.03% -
1997 -2.15% -
1996 -4% -
1995 -4.51% -
1994 -5.29% -
1993 -7.71% -
1992 -8.42% -
1991 -7.67% -
1990 -6.99% -
1989 -7.58% -
1988 -7.28% -
1987 -7.89% -
1986 -9.96% -
1985 -10.1% -
1984 -10.8% -
1983 -14.5% -
1982 -12.3% -
1981 -15.5% -
1980 -9.43% -
1979 -8.33% -
1978 -6.51% -
1977 -6.51% -
1976 -6.61% -
1975 -6.45% -
1974 -3.87% -
1973 -5.02% -
1972 -6.07% -
1971 -4.45% -
1970 -3.51% -
1969 -3.34% -
1968 -3.69% -
1967 -2.76% -
1966 -3.08% -
1965 -2.9% -
1964 -2.27% -
1963 -2.8% -
1962 -2.12% -
1961 -2.34% -
1960 -4.89% -
1959 -5.21% -
1958 -4.33% -
1957 -1.27% -
1956 1.85% -
1955 -1.05% -
1954 2.34% -
1953 0.14% -
1952 -0.26% -
1951 0.59% -
1950 -2.01% -
1949 -2.05% -
1948 -2.29% -
1947 -14.5% -
1946 1.87% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 -5.81% -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 -6.86% -
1938 -5.17% -
1937 -4.71% -
1936 -4.92% -
1935 -5.94% -
1934 -2.78% -
1933 -1.69% -
1932 - -
1931 - -
1930 -2.48% -
1929 - -
1928 - -
1927 3.06% -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 -5.53% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -1.4% -
1912 -1.39% -
1911 -0.92% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 0.13% -
1908 -0.95% -
1907 -0.81% -
1906 -1.35% -
1905 1.23% -
1904 0.004% -
1903 0.08% -
1902 0.22% -
1901 0.55% -
1900 -0.54% -
1899 -1.64% -
1898 -0.28% -
1897 -0.25% -
1896 0.94% -
1895 -0.33% -
1894 0.06% -
1893 0.07% -
1892 0.17% -
1891 -0.005% -
1890 -0.83% -
1889 0.3% -
1888 -0.21% -
1887 -0.12% -
1886 0.54% -
1885 -0.43% -
1884 -0.26% -
1883 -0.54% -
1882 -0.3% -
1881 0.08% -
1880 0.12% -
1879 -1.51% -
1878 -1.78% -
1877 -2.52% -
1876 -0.77% -
1875 -0.88% -
1874 -1.02% -
1873 -2.08% -
1872 -0.7% -
1871 -0.64% -
1870 -0.58% -
1869 -0.35% -
1868 -0.39% -
1867 -0.49% -
1866 -0.87% -
1865 -0.55% -
1864 -0.62% -
1863 -0.72% -
1862 -0.49% -
1861 -0.22% -
1860 -0.13% -
1859 0.1% -
1858 0.35% -
1857 0% -
1856 -0.26% -
1855 -0.28% -
1854 -0.4% -
1853 -0.3% -
1852 -0.44% -
1851 -0.05% -
1850 -0.11% -
1849 0.11% -
1848 -1.41% -
1847 -0.69% -
1846 -0.52% -
1845 -1.17% -
1844 -4.92% -
1843 -0.86% -
1842 -0.89% -
1841 -0.75% -
1840 0.16% -
1839 -0.43% -
1838 0.23% -
1837 -0.11% -
1836 0.18% -
1835 0.27% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/sierra-leone | CC BY

In 2025, Belgium's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $38.1B, equivalent to 5.26% of GDP. This compares to Sierra Leone's deficit of $313M, or 4.2% of GDP.

Over the past 26 years, Belgium recorded a fiscal deficit in 23 of those years, while Sierra Leone ran a deficit in 25 years. On average, Belgium posted an annual deficit equal to 2.72% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.58% of GDP for Sierra Leone.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Belgium

Sierra Leone
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Belgium Sierra Leone
2025 2.47% 7.6%
2024 3.14% 28.4%
2023 4.05% 47.7%
2022 9.6% 27.2%
2021 2.44% 11.9%
2020 0.74% 13.4%
2019 1.44% 14.8%
2018 2.05% 16%
2017 2.13% 18.2%
2016 1.97% 10.9%
2015 0.56% 6.7%
2014 0.34% 4.6%
2013 1.11% 5.5%
2012 2.84% 6.6%
2011 3.53% 6.8%
2010 2.19% 7.2%
2009 -0.05% 7.5%
2008 4.49% 8.2%
2007 1.82% 17%
2006 1.79% 10.5%
2005 2.78% 13.7%
2004 2.1% 12.9%
2003 1.59% 4%
2002 1.65% 0.1%
2001 2.47% 2.6%
2000 2.54% -0.9%
1999 1.12% 34.1%
1998 0.95% 36%
1997 1.63% 14.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/sierra-leone | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Belgium has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.26%, compared with 13.6% in Sierra Leone. In 2025, inflation was 2.47% in Belgium and 7.6% in Sierra Leone.

Top exports between countries

Belgium
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $16.8M
Machinery & equipment $16.2M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $12.7M
Raw materials & minerals $4.34M
Animal & marine products $2.27M
Raw agricultural goods $1.52M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.05M
Metals $559K
Precious metals & jewellery $177K
Wood & paper products $150K
Sierra Leone
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.84M
Machinery & equipment $1.67M
Raw agricultural goods $169K
Textiles & consumer goods $56K
Wood & paper products $14K
Chemicals & pharma $8K
Metals $3K

Balance of trade

Belgium Sierra Leone
Current account balance
-$14B
2025
-$984M
2024
Current account balance ranking
179/190
2025
115/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.93%
2025
-14.1%
2024
Goods imports
$386B
2025
$2.4B
2024
Goods exports
$387B
2025
$1.55B
2024
Service imports
$175B
2025
$514M
2024
Service exports
$160B
2025
$49.6M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
77.5%
2025
28.2%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
75.5%
2025
20.9%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Belgium Sierra Leone
Economic freedom 69.2 49.6
Economic freedom ranking 42/197 165/197
Property rights 91.1 32.9
Government integrity 78.2 35.8
Judicial effectiveness 91.6 42
Tax burden 50.6 88.2
Government spending 14.6 92.4
Fiscal health 53.4 54.1
Business freedom 82.5 44.8
Labor freedom 57.5 38.2
Monetary freedom 76.8 53.6
Trade freedom 79.4 63.6
Investment freedom 85 30
Financial freedom 70 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Belgium
Sierra Leone
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Belgium Sierra Leone
2026 69.2 49.6
2025 69 48
2024 65.6 44.6
2023 67.1 50.2
2022 69.6 52
2021 70.1 51.7
2020 68.9 48
2019 67.3 47.5
2018 67.5 51.8
2017 67.8 52.6
2016 68.4 52.3
2015 68.8 51.7
2014 69.9 50.5
2013 69.2 48.3
2012 69 49.1
2011 70.2 49.6
2010 70.1 47.9
2009 72.1 47.8
2008 71.7 48.3
2007 72.5 47
2006 71.8 45.2
2005 69 44.8
2004 68.7 43.6
2003 68.1 42.2
2002 67.6 -
2001 63.8 -
2000 63.5 44.2
1999 62.9 47.2
1998 64.7 47.7
1997 64.6 45
1996 66 52.3
1995 - 49.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/sierra-leone | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Belgium is 69.2, ranking 42/197, compared to 49.6 for Sierra Leone, ranking 165/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Belgium Sierra Leone
Services, % of GDP
71.2%
2025
41.6%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
18.6%
2025
25.7%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.73%
2025
29.5%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$711B
2025
$7.34B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$75,620
2025
$3,690
2025
Total reserves including gold
$56.4B
2025
$433M
2024
Total reserves ranking
44/177
2025
161/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$9.47B
2025
-$122M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$41.4B
2024
$122M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.71B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
2.22%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.3%
2022
56.8%
2018
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
25.7%
2025
23.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2018–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.