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Economy of Belgium vs Mozambique compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Belgium has a GDP of $671B compared to $22.7B for Mozambique, ranking 23/197 and 123/197 by economy size, respectively.

Belgium has $703B in government debt (104.7% of GDP), compared to $21.2B (93.2% of GDP) in Mozambique.

Belgium vs Mozambique GDP by year

Belgium
Mozambique
1x
Year GDP, current $
Belgium Mozambique
2024 $671,370,081,636 $22,745,341,305
2023 $651,330,595,110 $20,921,079,533
2022 $591,085,783,326 $18,883,528,581
2021 $598,522,422,242 $16,168,055,475
2020 $529,694,473,502 $14,235,420,174
2019 $536,726,344,405 $15,512,759,047
2018 $542,638,913,428 $15,017,358,953
2017 $500,908,767,352 $13,264,640,646
2016 $474,271,566,740 $12,069,051,237
2015 $461,044,767,545 $16,208,985,770
2014 $537,987,419,164 $17,978,246,586
2013 $524,097,026,599 $17,198,073,057
2012 $498,414,364,945 $16,688,114,144
2011 $527,196,649,049 $14,619,279,989
2010 $481,556,503,720 $11,411,894,724
2009 $485,014,525,992 $12,263,894,790
2008 $517,328,087,920 $12,920,340,965
2007 $470,922,156,309 $10,811,456,006
2006 $408,259,840,869 $9,509,835,537
2005 $385,714,762,230 $8,868,504,900
2004 $369,214,712,443 $7,937,255,565
2003 $318,082,528,507 $6,583,526,861
2002 $258,383,599,375 $5,950,769,427
2001 $236,746,141,604 $5,650,154,067
2000 $236,792,460,312 $5,930,685,215
1999 $258,245,733,221 $6,285,219,691
1998 $258,528,339,631 $5,551,118,149
1997 $252,708,051,421 $4,873,663,775
1996 $279,201,433,225 $4,030,146,135
1995 $288,025,588,396 $3,061,646,174
1994 $244,884,129,491 $2,958,108,170
1993 $224,721,795,709 $2,883,161,897
1992 $234,781,652,447 $2,798,696,511
1991 $210,510,999,409 $3,854,856,435
1990 $205,331,747,948 -
1989 $164,221,056,511 -
1988 $162,299,103,675 -
1987 $149,394,404,106 -
1986 $120,018,787,249 -
1985 $86,268,264,148 -
1984 $83,349,530,159 -
1983 $87,184,239,053 -
1982 $92,095,926,188 -
1981 $104,730,018,470 -
1980 $126,829,314,388 -
1979 $116,315,456,797 -
1978 $101,246,526,194 -
1977 $82,839,905,459 -
1976 $71,113,882,968 -
1975 $65,678,189,097 -
1974 $56,033,077,879 -
1973 $47,743,801,490 -
1972 $37,209,418,019 -
1971 $29,821,661,870 -
1970 $26,706,196,047 -
1969 $24,019,653,475 -
1968 $21,654,856,965 -
1967 $20,252,508,995 -
1966 $18,894,891,312 -
1965 $17,597,783,297 -
1964 $16,168,044,450 -
1963 $14,445,805,381 -
1962 $13,436,827,167 -
1961 $12,561,701,694 -
1960 $11,810,619,368 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/mozambique | CC BY

GDP per capita in Belgium vs Mozambique by year

Belgium
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Mozambique
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Belgium Mozambique
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $56,615 $73,514 $657 $1,705
2023 $55,291 $71,946 $622 $1,678
2022 $50,606 $69,128 $578 $1,582
2021 $51,658 $60,669 $510 $1,457
2020 $45,906 $56,120 $462 $1,412
2019 $46,717 $56,712 $519 $1,389
2018 $47,487 $52,467 $518 $1,326
2017 $44,035 $50,256 $471 $1,283
2016 $41,855 $48,415 $441 $1,379
2015 $40,894 $46,072 $611 $1,318
2014 $47,996 $45,148 $697 $1,166
2013 $46,965 $43,864 $687 $1,114
2012 $44,874 $42,484 $686 $1,076
2011 $47,761 $41,245 $618 $1,064
2010 $44,197 $39,840 $496 $1,000
2009 $44,923 $37,906 $548 $951
2008 $48,303 $37,883 $592 $916
2007 $44,319 $36,798 $508 $862
2006 $38,705 $35,251 $457 $798
2005 $36,810 $33,178 $437 $721
2004 $35,429 $32,060 $400 $673
2003 $30,655 $30,931 $339 $620
2002 $25,006 $30,282 $314 $580
2001 $23,015 $28,794 $305 $533
2000 $23,099 $27,794 $327 $472
1999 $25,253 $25,441 $354 $468
1998 $25,338 $24,370 $320 $422
1997 $24,821 $23,733 $287.5 $387
1996 $27,490 $22,745 $244.4 $350
1995 $28,414 $22,446 $191.8 $321
1994 $24,209 $21,518 $196.8 $326
1993 $22,284 $20,473 $205.2 $321
1992 $23,373 $20,272 $205.6 $292
1991 $21,042 $19,601 $288.7 $315
1990 $20,600 $18,688 - $296
1989 $16,525 - - -
1988 $16,391 - - -
1987 $15,136 - - -
1986 $12,170 - - -
1985 $8,751 - - -
1984 $8,457 - - -
1983 $8,846 - - -
1982 $9,344 - - -
1981 $10,623 - - -
1980 $12,864 - - -
1979 $11,811 - - -
1978 $10,290 - - -
1977 $8,427 - - -
1976 $7,243 - - -
1975 $6,701 - - -
1974 $5,734 - - -
1973 $4,901 - - -
1972 $3,832 - - -
1971 $3,083 - - -
1970 $2,766 - - -
1969 $2,490 - - -
1968 $2,251 - - -
1967 $2,114 - - -
1966 $1,983 - - -
1965 $1,860 - - -
1964 $1,724 - - -
1963 $1,555 - - -
1962 $1,457 - - -
1961 $1,368 - - -
1960 $1,290 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/mozambique | CC BY

Belgium's GDP per capita is $56,615, ranking 18/197, compared to $657 in Mozambique, ranking 189/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Belgium ranks 21st at $73,514, while Mozambique ranks 192nd at $1,705.

Economic indicators

Belgium Mozambique
Gross domestic product
$671B
2024
$22.7B
2024
GDP rank
23/197
2024
123/197
2024
GDP growth
1.07%
2023-2024
2.15%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$56,615
2024
$657
2024
GDP per capita rank
18/197
2024
189/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,514
2024
$1,705
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
21/197
2024
192/197
2024
Government debt
$703B
2024
$21.2B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
104.7%
2024
93.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$59,278
2024
$612
2024
Government debt per person rank
5/185
2024
159/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,259
2026
$1,778
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$321B
2018
n/a
Number of millionaires
549,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
11
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.2%
2023
40.8%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2023
1.7%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
54.5%
2024
33.2%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.14%
2023-2024
3.2%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
9.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.7%
2024
6.79%
2022
Population
11902714
36941128

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Belgium
Spending

Debt
Mozambique
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Belgium Mozambique
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 54.5% 104.7% 33.2% 93.2%
2023 53.3% 103.2% 33.3% 90.9%
2022 52.3% 102.7% 32.9% 100.3%
2021 54.9% 108.5% 32.1% 104.3%
2020 58.5% 111.2% 33.9% 120%
2019 51.8% 97.6% 28% 98.3%
2018 52.5% 100.1% 32.9% 105.5%
2017 52.3% 102.5% 29.5% 103.8%
2016 53.4% 105.5% 29.1% 124.8%
2015 53.9% 105.6% 32.2% 86%
2014 55.4% 106.6% 39.7% 63.4%
2013 55.9% 105% 31.7% 49.5%
2012 56.2% 104.3% 28.1% 36.7%
2011 55% 102.7% 28.9% 34.2%
2010 53.9% 100.2% 26.7% 38.6%
2009 54.5% 99.9% 25.7% 39.3%
2008 50.8% 93.2% 21.3% 32.8%
2007 48.6% 87.3% 20.9% 31.2%
2006 48.8% 91.5% 20.1% 40%
2005 51.9% 95.1% 17% 60.1%
2004 49.3% 97.2% 17.8% 50.8%
2003 51% 101.7% 18.6% 63.2%
2002 49.9% 105.4% 18.6% 63.4%
2001 49.4% 108.2% 20.8% 99.8%
2000 49.4% 109.6% 17.2% 95.8%
1999 50.5% 115.4% 15.6% 94.7%
1998 51% 119.2% 14.9% -
1997 51.6% 124.3% 16.5% -
1996 53.1% 129% 14.9% -
1995 52.6% 131.3% 18.8% -
1994 54.7% 137.1% 22.9% -
1993 57.1% 138.9% 20.7% -
1992 55.9% 134.7% 21.1% -
1991 55.6% 131.8% 17.3% -
1990 54.4% 130.3% 21% -
1989 52.3% 126.4% 27% -
1988 53.9% 129.7% 27% -
1987 55.8% 129.2% 22.9% -
1986 57.6% 124.7% 24.2% -
1985 58.4% 119.4% 21% -
1984 59.1% 114.6% 30.9% -
1983 62.2% 110.3% 35.3% -
1982 59.6% 99.6% 27% -
1981 61.5% 89.7% 23.8% -
1980 54.9% 76.8% 14.2% -
1979 54.8% 69.2% - -
1978 52.8% 65.2% - -
1977 52.2% 61.6% - -
1976 50.4% 61.4% - -
1975 50.2% 59.5% - -
1974 44.5% 61.7% - -
1973 45% 63.7% - -
1972 45% 64.9% - -
1971 43.9% 63.5% - -
1970 42.7% 66.6% - -
1969 26.5% 51.6% - -
1968 26.7% 54.5% - -
1967 25.5% 54.1% - -
1966 25.1% 55.6% - -
1965 23.4% 57.6% - -
1964 22.5% 59.4% - -
1963 23.1% 64.1% - -
1962 22.5% 65.3% - -
1961 22.1% 67.8% - -
1960 23.7% 69.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/mozambique | CC BY

In 2024, Belgium's government spending was $366B, accounting for 54.5% of its GDP, while Mozambique spent $7.56B, or 33.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 104.7% in Belgium and 93.2% in Mozambique, ranking 19/185 and 28/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Belgium

Mozambique
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Belgium Mozambique
2024 -4.52% -6.17%
2023 -4.1% -4.26%
2022 -3.62% -5.22%
2021 -5.4% -5.23%
2020 -9.03% -6.19%
2019 -2.05% 1.7%
2018 -1.05% -7.39%
2017 -0.76% -2.9%
2016 -2.43% -5.42%
2015 -2.48% -6.55%
2014 -3.18% -9.75%
2013 -3.16% -2.46%
2012 -4.35% -3.45%
2011 -4.44% -4.34%
2010 -4.13% -3.5%
2009 -5.45% -4.35%
2008 -1.1% -1.9%
2007 0.07% -2.19%
2006 0.24% -3.03%
2005 -2.72% -2.06%
2004 -0.24% -3.17%
2003 -1.86% -2.64%
2002 -0.04% -3.36%
2001 0.23% -4.43%
2000 -0.08% -1.26%
1999 -0.65% -0.31%
1998 -1.03% -1.08%
1997 -2.15% -1.81%
1996 -4% -2.07%
1995 -4.51% -2.46%
1994 -5.29% -4%
1993 -7.71% -2.53%
1992 -8.42% -1.85%
1991 -7.67% -2.01%
1990 -6.99% -4.42%
1989 -7.58% -4.23%
1988 -7.28% -6.47%
1987 -7.89% -7.24%
1986 -9.96% -12.1%
1985 -10.1% -9.69%
1984 -10.8% -13.4%
1983 -14.5% -15.8%
1982 -12.3% -3.61%
1981 -15.5% -7.41%
1980 -9.43% -1.47%
1979 -8.33% -
1978 -6.51% -
1977 -6.51% -
1976 -6.61% -
1975 -6.45% -
1974 -3.87% -
1973 -5.02% -
1972 -6.07% -
1971 -4.45% -
1970 -3.51% -
1969 -3.34% -
1968 -3.69% -
1967 -2.76% -
1966 -3.08% -
1965 -2.9% -
1964 -2.27% -
1963 -2.8% -
1962 -2.12% -
1961 -2.34% -
1960 -4.89% -
1959 -5.21% -
1958 -4.33% -
1957 -1.27% -
1956 1.85% -
1955 -1.05% -
1954 2.34% -
1953 0.14% -
1952 -0.26% -
1951 0.59% -
1950 -2.01% -
1949 -2.05% -
1948 -2.29% -
1947 -14.5% -
1946 1.87% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 -5.81% -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 -6.86% -
1938 -5.17% -
1937 -4.71% -
1936 -4.92% -
1935 -5.94% -
1934 -2.78% -
1933 -1.69% -
1932 - -
1931 - -
1930 -2.48% -
1929 - -
1928 - -
1927 3.06% -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 -5.53% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -1.4% -
1912 -1.39% -
1911 -0.92% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 0.13% -
1908 -0.95% -
1907 -0.81% -
1906 -1.35% -
1905 1.23% -
1904 0.004% -
1903 0.08% -
1902 0.22% -
1901 0.55% -
1900 -0.54% -
1899 -1.64% -
1898 -0.28% -
1897 -0.25% -
1896 0.94% -
1895 -0.33% -
1894 0.06% -
1893 0.07% -
1892 0.17% -
1891 -0.005% -
1890 -0.83% -
1889 0.3% -
1888 -0.21% -
1887 -0.12% -
1886 0.54% -
1885 -0.43% -
1884 -0.26% -
1883 -0.54% -
1882 -0.3% -
1881 0.08% -
1880 0.12% -
1879 -1.51% -
1878 -1.78% -
1877 -2.52% -
1876 -0.77% -
1875 -0.88% -
1874 -1.02% -
1873 -2.08% -
1872 -0.7% -
1871 -0.64% -
1870 -0.58% -
1869 -0.35% -
1868 -0.39% -
1867 -0.49% -
1866 -0.87% -
1865 -0.55% -
1864 -0.62% -
1863 -0.72% -
1862 -0.49% -
1861 -0.22% -
1860 -0.13% -
1859 0.1% -
1858 0.35% -
1857 0% -
1856 -0.26% -
1855 -0.28% -
1854 -0.4% -
1853 -0.3% -
1852 -0.44% -
1851 -0.05% -
1850 -0.11% -
1849 0.11% -
1848 -1.41% -
1847 -0.69% -
1846 -0.52% -
1845 -1.17% -
1844 -4.92% -
1843 -0.86% -
1842 -0.89% -
1841 -0.75% -
1840 0.16% -
1839 -0.43% -
1838 0.23% -
1837 -0.11% -
1836 0.18% -
1835 0.27% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/mozambique | CC BY

In 2024, Belgium's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $30.3B, equivalent to 4.52% of GDP. This compares to Mozambique's deficit of $1.4B, or 6.17% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, Belgium recorded a fiscal deficit in 31 of those years, while Mozambique ran a deficit in 33 years. On average, Belgium posted an annual deficit equal to 3.15% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.46% of GDP for Mozambique.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Belgium

Mozambique
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Belgium Mozambique
2024 3.14% 3.2%
2023 4.05% 7%
2022 9.6% 10.4%
2021 2.44% 6.6%
2020 0.74% 0.9%
2019 1.44% 5.7%
2018 2.05% 3.2%
2017 2.13% 15.8%
2016 1.97% 18.4%
2015 0.56% 3.6%
2014 0.34% 2.6%
2013 1.11% 4.3%
2012 2.84% 2.6%
2011 3.53% 11.2%
2010 2.19% 12.4%
2009 -0.05% 3.8%
2008 4.49% 14.5%
2007 1.82% 10.4%
2006 1.79% 13.2%
2005 2.78% 6.4%
2004 2.1% 12.6%
2003 1.59% 13.5%
2002 1.65% 16.8%
2001 2.47% 9.1%
2000 2.54% 12.7%
1999 1.12% 2.9%
1998 0.95% 1.5%
1997 1.63% 7.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/mozambique | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Belgium has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.25%, compared with 8.31% in Mozambique. In 2024, inflation was 3.14% in Belgium and 3.2% in Mozambique.

Top exports between countries

Belgium
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $291M
Chemicals & pharma $35.5M
Machinery & equipment $13.2M
Raw agricultural goods $4.24M
Animal & marine products $2.31M
Metals $1.62M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.57M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $801K
Miscellaneous $272K
Wood & paper products $78K
Mozambique
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $121M
Raw materials & minerals $1.65M
Metals $712K
Raw agricultural goods $603K
Machinery & equipment $357K
Textiles & consumer goods $152K
Precious metals & jewellery $16K
Chemicals & pharma $15K
Wood & paper products $10K
Animal & marine products $5K

Balance of trade

Belgium Mozambique
Current account balance
-$2.54B
2024
-$2.49B
2024
Current account balance ranking
151/190
2024
150/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.38%
2024
-11%
2024
Goods imports
$370B
2024
$8.38B
2024
Goods exports
$382B
2024
$8.21B
2024
Service imports
$164B
2024
$2.11B
2024
Service exports
$150B
2024
$1.15B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
79.7%
2024
52.8%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
79.3%
2024
42.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Belgium Mozambique
Economic freedom 69.2 49.6
Economic freedom ranking 42/197 164/197
Property rights 91.1 29.7
Government integrity 78.2 25.1
Judicial effectiveness 91.6 43.4
Tax burden 50.6 75.8
Government spending 14.6 67
Fiscal health 53.4 39.1
Business freedom 82.5 40.2
Labor freedom 57.5 47.7
Monetary freedom 76.8 76.2
Trade freedom 79.4 71.2
Investment freedom 85 40
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Belgium
Mozambique
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Belgium Mozambique
2026 69.2 49.6
2025 69 50.7
2024 65.6 50.7
2023 67.1 52.5
2022 69.6 51.3
2021 70.1 51.6
2020 68.9 50.5
2019 67.3 48.6
2018 67.5 46.3
2017 67.8 49.9
2016 68.4 53.2
2015 68.8 54.8
2014 69.9 55
2013 69.2 55
2012 69 57.1
2011 70.2 56.8
2010 70.1 56
2009 72.1 55.7
2008 71.7 55.4
2007 72.5 54.7
2006 71.8 51.9
2005 69 54.6
2004 68.7 57.2
2003 68.1 58.6
2002 67.6 57.7
2001 63.8 59.2
2000 63.5 52.2
1999 62.9 48.9
1998 64.7 43
1997 64.6 44
1996 66 48.4
1995 - 45.5

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/mozambique | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Belgium is 69.2, ranking 42/197, compared to 49.6 for Mozambique, ranking 164/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Belgium Mozambique
Services, % of GDP
71%
2024
41.1%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
18.7%
2024
21.9%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.79%
2024
25.2%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$656B
2024
$19.1B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$74,770
2024
$1,520
2024
Total reserves including gold
$41.4B
2024
$3.84B
2024
Total reserves ranking
49/177
2024
108/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$46.1B
2024
-$3.55B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$41.4B
2024
$3.51B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.71B
2024
-$44.1M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
22.4%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.3%
2022
65%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.5%
2024
17.7%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.