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Economy of Belgium vs Georgia compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Belgium has a GDP of $665B compared to $33.8B for Georgia, ranking 23/197 and 107/197 by economy size, respectively.

Belgium has $694B in government debt (106.4% of GDP), compared to $12.2B (35.8% of GDP) in Georgia.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Belgium
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Georgia
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Belgium Georgia
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $11,810,619,368 $107,240,692,072 - $5,243,159,136
1961 $12,561,701,694 $112,579,587,419 - $5,498,288,150
1962 $13,436,827,167 $118,447,239,466 - $5,779,416,530
1963 $14,445,805,381 $123,601,570,921 - $6,022,260,625
1964 $16,168,044,450 $132,200,142,536 - $6,349,244,544
1965 $17,597,783,297 $136,907,339,919 - $7,019,638,204
1966 $18,894,891,312 $141,227,991,789 - $7,548,614,493
1967 $20,252,508,995 $146,690,898,042 - $8,020,635,559
1968 $21,654,856,965 $152,843,304,454 - $8,378,001,666
1969 $24,019,653,475 $162,976,509,540 - $8,778,177,254
1970 $26,706,196,047 $173,329,872,814 - $9,836,129,833
1971 $29,821,661,870 $180,238,502,024 - $10,079,213,237
1972 $37,209,418,019 $189,783,220,556 - $10,365,106,122
1973 $47,743,801,490 $201,894,619,758 - $11,037,028,854
1974 $56,033,077,879 $211,111,631,065 - $12,009,362,470
1975 $65,678,189,097 $206,961,299,090 - $12,895,704,866
1976 $71,113,882,968 $218,660,295,777 - $13,682,282,557
1977 $82,839,905,459 $220,029,447,216 - $14,625,580,176
1978 $101,246,526,194 $226,282,457,073 - $15,712,196,495
1979 $116,315,456,797 $231,579,894,682 - $16,870,286,035
1980 $126,829,314,388 $241,871,430,006 - $17,642,345,728
1981 $104,730,018,470 $241,195,922,804 - $18,571,497,605
1982 $92,095,926,188 $242,631,006,628 - $18,943,381,710
1983 $87,184,239,053 $243,387,634,461 - $19,758,250,885
1984 $83,349,530,159 $249,390,504,367 - $20,830,721,462
1985 $86,268,264,148 $253,509,919,187 - $21,860,010,300
1986 $120,018,787,249 $258,130,801,745 - $20,072,807,510
1987 $149,394,404,106 $264,085,000,894 $7,321,981,334 $20,330,036,656
1988 $162,299,103,675 $276,558,286,707 $8,833,588,173 $21,459,462,456
1989 $164,221,056,511 $286,152,555,458 $8,902,632,715 $19,915,715,326
1990 $205,331,747,948 $295,130,312,078 $7,735,927,264 $16,970,422,996
1991 $210,510,999,409 $300,540,270,315 $6,324,503,311 $13,389,689,057
1992 $234,781,652,447 $305,140,504,243 $3,690,328,964 $7,377,748,823
1993 $224,721,795,709 $302,205,439,886 $2,701,181,331 $5,216,056,134
1994 $244,884,129,491 $311,957,523,164 $2,513,867,645 $4,673,678,615
1995 $288,025,588,396 $319,396,952,810 $2,693,732,612 $4,795,034,189
1996 $279,201,433,225 $323,617,566,813 $3,094,936,177 $5,332,200,118
1997 $252,708,051,421 $335,894,554,717 $3,510,520,231 $5,893,190,455
1998 $258,528,339,631 $342,484,242,937 $3,613,497,317 $6,075,968,328
1999 $258,245,733,221 $354,617,493,818 $2,800,025,883 $6,250,184,305
2000 $236,792,460,312 $367,797,580,320 $3,057,475,335 $6,365,211,521
2001 $236,746,141,604 $371,841,895,843 $3,219,462,262 $6,671,206,250
2002 $258,383,599,375 $378,188,843,981 $3,395,766,678 $7,036,389,740
2003 $318,082,528,507 $382,114,274,684 $3,991,377,904 $7,814,405,535
2004 $369,214,712,443 $395,760,365,337 $5,125,365,192 $8,267,069,270
2005 $385,714,762,230 $404,948,883,847 $6,410,912,050 $9,059,975,320
2006 $408,259,840,869 $415,284,559,725 $7,745,250,734 $9,913,559,156
2007 $470,922,156,309 $430,554,259,966 $10,172,931,089 $11,160,245,710
2008 $517,328,087,920 $432,478,429,045 $12,795,145,131 $11,430,503,828
2009 $485,014,525,992 $424,233,482,719 $10,766,920,066 $11,013,204,447
2010 $481,556,503,720 $435,731,531,599 $12,426,907,967 $11,701,134,203
2011 $527,196,649,049 $444,146,182,963 $15,475,290,469 $12,629,541,567
2012 $498,414,364,945 $445,104,666,469 $16,894,392,033 $13,460,417,766
2013 $524,097,026,599 $446,464,436,962 $17,517,660,144 $14,151,325,572
2014 $537,987,419,164 $454,346,946,886 $17,966,015,109 $14,730,184,214
2015 $461,044,767,545 $461,044,767,545 $15,223,796,149 $15,223,796,149
2016 $474,271,566,740 $466,547,349,432 $15,444,548,902 $15,749,049,875
2017 $500,908,767,352 $473,426,439,011 $16,473,125,375 $16,561,685,511
2018 $542,638,913,428 $482,317,238,282 $17,902,544,881 $17,565,660,917
2019 $536,726,344,405 $494,099,718,081 $17,638,337,117 $18,510,819,818
2020 $529,694,473,502 $470,417,598,102 $16,010,869,216 $17,346,401,921
2021 $598,522,422,242 $499,619,240,041 $18,853,115,589 $19,192,793,472
2022 $593,614,574,326 $520,899,825,783 $24,984,568,960 $21,296,041,913
2023 $644,655,275,112 $527,159,436,182 $30,777,833,601 $22,963,990,777
2024 $664,564,181,487 $532,530,656,429 $33,776,141,251 $25,129,167,228

Economic indicators

Belgium Georgia
Gross domestic product
$665B
2024
$33.8B
2024
GDP rank
23/197
2024
107/197
2024
GDP growth
3.09%
2023-2024
9.74%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$55,955
2024
$9,194
2024
GDP per capita rank
17/197
2024
89/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$72,126
2024
$28,418
2024
Government debt
$694B
2024
$12.2B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
106.4%
2025
35.8%
2025
Government debt per person
$58,455
2024
$3,318
2024
Government debt per person rank
5/185
2024
97/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$34,348
2025
$6,750
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$321B
2018
n/a
Number of millionaires
564,666
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
11
2025
2
2025
Income share by richest 10%
22.2%
2023
26.2%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2023
2.9%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
54.6%
2025
29.9%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.14%
2023-2024
1.11%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
8%
2024
Unemployment rate
5.7%
2024
11.7%
2020
Population
11909960
3672886

GDP per capita in Belgium vs Georgia

Belgium's GDP per capita is $55,955, ranking 17/197, compared to $9,194 in Georgia, ranking 89/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Belgium ranks 20th at $72,126, while Georgia ranks 74th at $28,418.

Belgium
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Georgia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Belgium Georgia
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $1,290 - - -
1961 $1,368 - - -
1962 $1,457 - - -
1963 $1,555 - - -
1964 $1,724 - - -
1965 $1,860 - - -
1966 $1,983 - - -
1967 $2,114 - - -
1968 $2,251 - - -
1969 $2,490 - - -
1970 $2,766 - - -
1971 $3,083 - - -
1972 $3,832 - - -
1973 $4,901 - - -
1974 $5,734 - - -
1975 $6,701 - - -
1976 $7,243 - - -
1977 $8,427 - - -
1978 $10,290 - - -
1979 $11,811 - - -
1980 $12,864 - - -
1981 $10,623 - - -
1982 $9,344 - - -
1983 $8,846 - - -
1984 $8,457 - - -
1985 $8,751 - - -
1986 $12,170 - - -
1987 $15,136 - $1,544 -
1988 $16,391 - $1,844 -
1989 $16,525 - $1,853 -
1990 $20,600 $18,675 $1,611 $5,836
1991 $21,042 $19,588 $1,308 $4,727
1992 $23,373 $20,259 $757 $2,643
1993 $22,284 $20,459 $550 $1,898
1994 $24,209 $21,504 $520 $1,764
1995 $28,414 $22,431 $578 $1,919
1996 $27,490 $22,737 $689 $2,253
1997 $24,821 $23,728 $807 $2,616
1998 $25,338 $24,369 $852 $2,795
1999 $25,253 $25,441 $674 $2,977
2000 $23,099 $27,788 $750 $3,161
2001 $23,015 $28,797 $802 $3,441
2002 $25,006 $30,282 $854 $3,719
2003 $30,655 $30,935 $1,010 $4,240
2004 $35,429 $32,064 $1,305 $4,635
2005 $36,810 $33,178 $1,643 $5,272
2006 $38,705 $35,259 $1,996 $5,980
2007 $44,319 $36,800 $2,635 $6,951
2008 $48,303 $37,883 $3,325 $7,279
2009 $44,923 $37,886 $2,823 $7,119
2010 $44,197 $39,844 $3,282 $7,712
2011 $47,761 $41,245 $4,120 $8,564
2012 $44,874 $42,484 $4,531 $10,060
2013 $46,965 $43,864 $4,712 $10,797
2014 $47,996 $45,148 $4,830 $11,771
2015 $40,894 $46,084 $4,087 $12,270
2016 $41,855 $48,415 $4,143 $13,065
2017 $44,035 $50,256 $4,419 $13,719
2018 $47,487 $52,467 $4,804 $15,022
2019 $46,717 $56,712 $4,741 $16,770
2020 $45,906 $56,120 $4,301 $16,791
2021 $51,658 $60,669 $5,084 $18,916
2022 $50,822 $68,158 $6,730 $22,461
2023 $54,690 $69,059 $8,284 $25,072
2024 $55,955 $72,126 $9,194 $28,418

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Belgium's government spending was $361B, accounting for 54.6% of its GDP, while Georgia's spent $10.2B, or 29.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 106.4% in Belgium and 35.8% in Georgia, ranking 17/185 and 145/185, respectively.

Belgium
Government spending

Government debt
Georgia
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Belgium Georgia
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 23.7% 69.4% - -
1961 22.1% 67.8% - -
1962 22.5% 65.3% - -
1963 23.1% 64.1% - -
1964 22.5% 59.4% - -
1965 23.4% 57.6% - -
1966 25.1% 55.6% - -
1967 25.5% 54.1% - -
1968 26.7% 54.5% - -
1969 26.5% 51.6% - -
1970 42.7% 66.6% - -
1971 43.9% 63.5% - -
1972 45% 64.9% - -
1973 45% 63.7% - -
1974 44.5% 61.8% - -
1975 50.2% 59.5% - -
1976 50.4% 61.4% - -
1977 52.2% 61.6% - -
1978 52.8% 65.2% - -
1979 54.8% 69.2% - -
1980 54.9% 76.8% - -
1981 61.5% 89.7% - -
1982 59.6% 99.6% - -
1983 62.2% 110.3% - -
1984 59.1% 114.6% - -
1985 58.4% 119.4% - -
1986 57.6% 124.7% - -
1987 55.8% 129.2% - -
1988 53.9% 129.7% - -
1989 52.3% 126.4% - -
1990 54.4% 130.3% - -
1991 55.6% 131.8% - -
1992 55.9% 134.7% - -
1993 57.1% 138.9% - -
1994 54.7% 137.1% - -
1995 52.6% 131.3% 15.6% 19.8%
1996 53.1% 129% 18.4% 38.9%
1997 51.6% 124.3% 21.9% 48.2%
1998 51% 119.2% 18.9% 80%
1999 50.5% 115.4% 19.8% 76.5%
2000 49.4% 109.6% 16.9% 58.5%
2001 49.4% 108.2% 16.8% 53%
2002 49.9% 105.4% 16% 50.3%
2003 51% 101.7% 16.1% 54.6%
2004 49.3% 97.2% 18.9% 44.3%
2005 51.9% 95.1% 21.6% 35.3%
2006 48.8% 91.5% 22.7% 28.3%
2007 48.6% 87.3% 27.7% 22.5%
2008 50.8% 93.2% 31.8% 26.3%
2009 54.5% 99.9% 34.8% 33.6%
2010 53.9% 100.2% 31% 31.4%
2011 55% 102.7% 27.1% 27.7%
2012 56.2% 104.3% 27.7% 28.1%
2013 55.9% 105% 26.6% 28.9%
2014 55.4% 106.5% 27.5% 30.3%
2015 53.9% 105.5% 27% 36%
2016 53.4% 105.4% 27.8% 39.5%
2017 52.3% 102.4% 27.2% 38.9%
2018 52.5% 100% 26.7% 38.2%
2019 51.8% 97.5% 28.7% 40%
2020 58.5% 111.1% 34.1% 59.6%
2021 54.9% 108.4% 31.2% 49.1%
2022 52.2% 102.6% 28.5% 39.2%
2023 53.3% 103.1% 29.7% 38.9%
2024 54.3% 104.5% 30.3% 36.1%
2025 54.6% 106.4% 29.9% 35.8%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Belgium's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$29.4B, equivalent to -4.42% of GDP. This compares to Georgia's deficit of -$775M, or -2.3% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Belgium recorded a fiscal deficit in 27 of those years, while Georgia ran a deficit in 26 years. On average, Belgium posted an annual deficit equal to -2.6% of GDP, compared to deficit of -2.16% of GDP for Georgia.

Deficit/surplus
Belgium

Georgia
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Belgium Georgia
1835 0.27% -
1836 0.18% -
1837 -0.11% -
1838 0.23% -
1839 -0.43% -
1840 0.16% -
1841 -0.75% -
1842 -0.89% -
1843 -0.86% -
1844 -4.92% -
1845 -1.17% -
1846 -0.52% -
1847 -0.69% -
1848 -1.41% -
1849 0.11% -
1850 -0.11% -
1851 -0.05% -
1852 -0.44% -
1853 -0.3% -
1854 -0.4% -
1855 -0.28% -
1856 -0.26% -
1857 0% -
1858 0.35% -
1859 0.1% -
1860 -0.13% -
1861 -0.22% -
1862 -0.49% -
1863 -0.72% -
1864 -0.62% -
1865 -0.55% -
1866 -0.87% -
1867 -0.49% -
1868 -0.39% -
1869 -0.35% -
1870 -0.58% -
1871 -0.64% -
1872 -0.7% -
1873 -2.08% -
1874 -1.02% -
1875 -0.88% -
1876 -0.77% -
1877 -2.52% -
1878 -1.78% -
1879 -1.51% -
1880 0.12% -
1881 0.08% -
1882 -0.3% -
1883 -0.54% -
1884 -0.26% -
1885 -0.43% -
1886 0.54% -
1887 -0.12% -
1888 -0.21% -
1889 0.3% -
1890 -0.83% -
1891 -0.005% -
1892 0.17% -
1893 0.07% -
1894 0.06% -
1895 -0.33% -
1896 0.94% -
1897 -0.25% -
1898 -0.28% -
1899 -1.64% -
1900 -0.54% -
1901 0.55% -
1902 0.22% -
1903 0.08% -
1904 0.004% -
1905 1.23% -
1906 -1.35% -
1907 -0.81% -
1908 -0.95% -
1909 0.13% -
1910 -0.18% -
1911 -0.92% -
1912 -1.39% -
1913 -1.4% -
1914 -1.4% -
1915 -1.4% -
1916 -1.4% -
1917 -1.4% -
1918 -1.4% -
1919 -1.4% -
1920 -1.4% -
1921 -1.4% -
1922 -1.4% -
1923 -1.4% -
1924 -5.53% -
1925 -5.53% -
1926 -5.53% -
1927 3.06% -
1928 3.06% -
1929 3.06% -
1930 -2.48% -
1931 -2.48% -
1932 -2.48% -
1933 -1.69% -
1934 -2.78% -
1935 -5.94% -
1936 -4.92% -
1937 -4.71% -
1938 -5.17% -
1939 -6.86% -
1940 -6.86% -
1941 -6.86% -
1942 -6.86% -
1943 -5.81% -
1944 -5.81% -
1945 -5.81% -
1946 1.87% -
1947 -14.5% -
1948 -2.29% -
1949 -2.05% -
1950 -2.01% -
1951 0.59% -
1952 -0.26% -
1953 0.14% -
1954 2.34% -
1955 -1.05% -
1956 1.85% -
1957 -1.27% -
1958 -4.33% -
1959 -5.21% -
1960 -4.89% -
1961 -2.34% -
1962 -2.12% -
1963 -2.8% -
1964 -2.27% -
1965 -2.9% -
1966 -3.08% -
1967 -2.76% -
1968 -3.69% -
1969 -3.34% -
1970 -3.51% -
1971 -4.45% -
1972 -6.07% -
1973 -5.02% -
1974 -3.87% -
1975 -6.45% -
1976 -6.61% -
1977 -6.51% -
1978 -6.51% -
1979 -8.33% -
1980 -9.43% -
1981 -15.5% -
1982 -12.3% -
1983 -14.5% -
1984 -10.8% -
1985 -10.1% -
1986 -9.96% -
1987 -7.89% -
1988 -7.28% -
1989 -7.58% -
1990 -6.99% -
1991 -7.67% -
1992 -8.42% -
1993 -7.71% -
1994 -5.29% -
1995 -4.51% -4.89%
1996 -4% -5.91%
1997 -2.15% -6.79%
1998 -1.03% -4%
1999 -0.65% -4.72%
2000 -0.08% -1.92%
2001 0.23% -0.71%
2002 -0.04% -0.19%
2003 -1.86% -0.55%
2004 -0.24% 3.59%
2005 -2.72% 2.14%
2006 0.24% 3.28%
2007 0.07% 0.81%
2008 -1.1% -1.92%
2009 -5.45% -6.36%
2010 -4.13% -4.48%
2011 -4.44% -0.81%
2012 -4.35% -0.71%
2013 -3.16% -1.25%
2014 -3.18% -1.78%
2015 -2.48% -1.16%
2016 -2.43% -1.49%
2017 -0.76% -0.45%
2018 -1.05% -0.8%
2019 -2.05% -1.82%
2020 -9.03% -9.16%
2021 -5.4% -5.97%
2022 -3.61% -2.2%
2023 -4.19% -2.33%
2024 -4.42% -2.3%
2025 -5.03% -2.56%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Belgium has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.24%, compared with 6.74% in Georgia. In 2024, inflation was 3.14% in Belgium and 1.11% in Georgia.

Inflation
Belgium

Georgia
Year Inflation
Belgium Georgia Belgium Georgia
1996 2.08% 39.4%
1997 1.63% 7.09%
1998 0.95% 3.57%
1999 1.12% 19.2%
2000 2.54% 4.06%
2001 2.47% 4.65%
2002 1.65% 5.59%
2003 1.59% 0.84%
2004 2.1% 5.66%
2005 2.78% 8.25%
2006 1.79% 9.16%
2007 1.82% 9.24%
2008 4.49% 10%
2009 -0.05% 1.73%
2010 2.19% 7.11%
2011 3.53% 8.54%
2012 2.84% -0.94%
2013 1.11% -0.51%
2014 0.34% 3.07%
2015 0.56% 4%
2016 1.97% 2.13%
2017 2.13% 6.04%
2018 2.05% 2.62%
2019 1.44% 4.85%
2020 0.74% 5.2%
2021 2.44% 9.57%
2022 9.6% 11.9%
2023 4.05% 2.49%
2024 3.14% 1.11%

Top exports between countries

Belgium
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $113M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $28.9M
Chemicals & pharma $18M
Textiles & consumer goods $7.89M
Raw materials & minerals $6.62M
Animal & marine products $2.9M
Wood & paper products $2.31M
Metals $1.44M
Raw agricultural goods $719K
Miscellaneous $401K
Georgia
Export category Export value
Transport & tourism services $8.87M
Raw materials & minerals $1.78M
IT & IP services $1.43M
Business & finance services $1.39M
Miscellaneous $885K
Textiles & consumer goods $842K
Metals $748K
Machinery & equipment $325K
Raw agricultural goods $175K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $161K

Balance of trade

Belgium Georgia
Current account balance
-$5.68B
2024
-$1.53B
2024
Current account balance ranking
169/189
2024
132/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.85%
2024
-4.53%
2024
Goods imports
$372B
2024
$15.2B
2024
Goods exports
$377B
2024
$8.63B
2024
Service imports
$159B
2024
$3.82B
2024
Service exports
$148B
2024
$7.7B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
79.2%
2024
56%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
79.2%
2024
48.4%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Belgium Georgia
Economic freedom 69 69
Economic freedom ranking 40/197 41/197
Property rights 92.8 62.3
Government integrity 79.3 58.9
Judicial effectiveness 93 55.3
Tax burden 50.6 89.1
Government spending 11.8 72.9
Fiscal health 48 75.9
Business freedom 82.3 78.1
Labor freedom 58.6 63.5
Monetary freedom 76.8 65.3
Trade freedom 79.6 86.2
Investment freedom 85 60
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Belgium is 69, ranking 40/197, compared to 69 for Georgia, ranking 41/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Belgium
Georgia
Year Economic freedom index
Belgium Georgia
1996 66 44.1
1997 64.6 46.5
1998 64.7 47.9
1999 62.9 52.5
2000 63.5 54.3
2001 63.8 58.3
2002 67.6 56.7
2003 68.1 58.6
2004 68.7 58.9
2005 69 57.1
2006 71.8 64.5
2007 72.5 69.3
2008 71.7 69.2
2009 72.1 69.8
2010 70.1 70.4
2011 70.2 70.4
2012 69 69.4
2013 69.2 72.2
2014 69.9 72.6
2015 68.8 73
2016 68.4 72.6
2017 67.8 76
2018 67.5 76.2
2019 67.3 75.9
2020 68.9 77.1
2021 70.1 77.2
2022 69.6 71.8
2023 67.1 68.7
2024 65.6 68.4
2025 69 69

More economic indicators

Belgium Georgia
Services, % of GDP
72.1%
2024
62.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
17.6%
2024
19.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.8%
2024
5.42%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$651B
2024
$30.1B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$73,360
2024
$26,570
2024
Total reserves including gold
$41.4B
2024
$4.45B
2024
Total reserves ranking
49/177
2024
104/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$29.5B
2024
-$906M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$35.6B
2024
$1.37B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$6.07B
2024
$462M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
n/a
12.5%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.3%
2022
9.4%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24%
2024
22.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Economy comparisons

Economy vs Belgium vs Georgia
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.