Fertility & birth rates in Nepal and Pakistan

Fertility rate in Nepal vs Pakistan by year

Chart Table

Nepal

Pakistan

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Nepal	Pakistan
2023	1.98	3.61
2022	2	3.66
2021	2.03	3.72
2020	2.05	3.77
2019	2.08	3.81
2018	2.12	3.86
2017	2.17	3.9
2016	2.23	3.9
2015	2.27	3.99
2014	2.32	4.06
2013	2.36	4.13
2012	2.42	4.2
2011	2.46	4.31
2010	2.54	4.4
2009	2.63	4.47
2008	2.74	4.51
2007	2.86	4.55
2006	2.97	4.59
2005	3.12	4.6
2004	3.28	4.68
2003	3.44	4.89
2002	3.6	5.01
2001	3.79	5.18
2000	3.98	5.35
1999	4.13	5.46
1998	4.28	5.51
1997	4.44	5.64
1996	4.67	5.77
1995	4.87	5.89
1994	4.96	6.01
1993	5.04	6.11
1992	5.07	6.21
1991	5.15	6.29
1990	5.21	6.36
1989	5.26	6.43
1988	5.31	6.48
1987	5.35	6.52
1986	5.4	6.55
1985	5.46	6.59
1984	5.51	6.62
1983	5.54	6.64
1982	5.55	6.67
1981	5.58	6.7
1980	5.6	6.73
1979	5.64	6.76
1978	5.68	6.78
1977	5.69	6.8
1976	5.72	6.81
1975	5.73	6.81
1974	5.75	6.81
1973	5.7	6.81
1972	5.8	6.81
1971	5.85	6.8
1970	5.87	6.8
1969	5.89	6.8
1968	5.94	6.8
1967	5.95	6.8
1966	5.98	6.8
1965	6.01	6.8
1964	6.04	6.8
1963	6.06	6.8
1962	6.08	6.8
1961	6.09	6.8
1960	6.07	6.8

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Nepal was 1.98 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.61 in Pakistan in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Nepal vs Pakistan population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Nepal

Pakistan

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Nepal	Pakistan
2023	368,450	5,281,745
2022	379,021	5,268,077
2021	351,165	5,065,913
2020	373,553	5,011,177
2019	387,113	5,127,011
2018	394,576	5,103,858
2017	406,219	5,090,200
2016	415,921	5,044,922
2015	410,565	5,113,507
2014	423,166	5,148,994
2013	424,804	5,176,590
2012	430,151	5,191,263
2011	429,957	5,189,412
2010	432,631	5,147,142
2009	441,290	5,028,132
2008	452,353	4,885,855
2007	464,780	4,690,187
2006	475,335	4,538,426
2005	489,093	4,294,393
2004	504,853	4,294,654
2003	516,575	4,340,688
2002	525,045	4,307,607
2001	542,118	4,304,297
2000	554,506	4,281,169
1999	557,847	4,228,026
1998	562,787	4,104,824
1997	565,882	4,043,912
1996	580,099	4,021,758
1995	591,283	3,977,175
1994	578,293	3,956,699
1993	561,549	3,915,776
1992	533,029	3,888,637
1991	512,233	3,822,363
1990	495,202	3,731,730
1989	478,771	3,648,132
1988	463,581	3,554,755
1987	449,400	3,448,813
1986	434,802	3,341,643
1985	423,240	3,233,315
1984	411,122	3,145,772
1983	399,103	3,052,738
1982	385,741	2,934,689
1981	374,145	2,790,454
1980	364,254	2,598,421
1979	355,597	2,461,311
1978	345,765	2,356,601
1977	332,843	2,257,849
1976	323,222	2,171,812
1975	312,479	2,099,811
1974	303,078	2,028,061
1973	288,750	1,971,909
1972	286,708	1,912,774
1971	280,752	1,695,374
1970	272,439	1,793,570
1969	264,560	1,733,601
1968	258,259	1,683,296
1967	249,240	1,626,737
1966	241,716	1,566,343
1965	233,726	1,496,050
1964	227,948	1,447,394
1963	219,586	1,384,934
1962	215,368	1,328,675
1961	209,917	1,273,772
1960	203,374	1,217,147

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +1.24% in Nepal and +2.13% in Pakistan.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +1.37% in Nepal and +2.23% in Pakistan.

Birth rate in Nepal vs Pakistan by year

Chart Table

Nepal

Pakistan

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Nepal	Pakistan
2023	19.3	27.8
2022	19.6	28.1
2021	19.7	28.4
2020	20.2	28.6
2019	20.6	29
2018	21.1	29.3
2017	21.6	29.7
2016	21.9	30
2015	22.1	30.7
2014	22.4	31.3
2013	22.5	31.9
2012	22.7	32.5
2011	22.7	33
2010	22.9	33.5
2009	23.2	33.6
2008	23.7	33.6
2007	24.4	33.3
2006	24.9	33.2
2005	25.8	32.9
2004	26.8	33.2
2003	27.7	34.3
2002	28.6	34.9
2001	29.8	35.7
2000	31	36.5
1999	31.8	37.2
1998	32.7	37.4
1997	33.7	38
1996	35.3	38.9
1995	36.8	39.6
1994	37.3	40.4
1993	37.7	41.2
1992	37.5	42
1991	37.8	42.5
1990	38.1	42.9
1989	38.4	43.4
1988	38.7	43.8
1987	38.9	44
1986	39.1	44.1
1985	39.4	44.3
1984	39.7	44.5
1983	40	44.7
1982	40.1	44.6
1981	40.3	44.4
1980	40.4	43.6
1979	40.8	43.5
1978	41.1	43.5
1977	41.2	43.4
1976	41.5	43.4
1975	41.6	43.5
1974	41.8	43.6
1973	41.6	43.7
1972	42.3	43.8
1971	42.7	43.9
1970	42.9	44.1
1969	43.1	44.3
1968	43.5	44.7
1967	43.5	45.1
1966	43.7	45.4
1965	43.9	45.7
1964	44.2	46
1963	44.4	46.2
1962	44.6	46.4
1961	44.8	46.6
1960	44.8	46.7

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 19.3 in Nepal and 27.8 in Pakistan, compared with 44.8 and 46.7, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Nepal

Factual

UN forecast

Pakistan

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Nepal	Pakistan
2100	13.8%	19.3%
2099	13.8%	19.4%
2098	13.8%	19.5%
2097	13.9%	19.7%
2096	13.9%	19.8%
2095	14%	19.9%
2094	14%	20%
2093	14.1%	20.2%
2092	14.1%	20.3%
2091	14.2%	20.4%
2090	14.2%	20.6%
2089	14.3%	20.7%
2088	14.3%	20.9%
2087	14.4%	21%
2086	14.5%	21.2%
2085	14.5%	21.4%
2084	14.6%	21.5%
2083	14.7%	21.7%
2082	14.8%	21.9%
2081	14.8%	22%
2080	14.9%	22.2%
2079	15%	22.4%
2078	15.1%	22.6%
2077	15.2%	22.8%
2076	15.3%	23%
2075	15.4%	23.1%
2074	15.5%	23.3%
2073	15.6%	23.5%
2072	15.7%	23.7%
2071	15.9%	23.9%
2070	16%	24.1%
2069	16.1%	24.3%
2068	16.3%	24.5%
2067	16.4%	24.7%
2066	16.6%	24.9%
2065	16.7%	25.1%
2064	16.9%	25.3%
2063	17.1%	25.5%
2062	17.2%	25.7%
2061	17.4%	26%
2060	17.6%	26.2%
2059	17.8%	26.5%
2058	17.9%	26.7%
2057	18.1%	27%
2056	18.3%	27.3%
2055	18.5%	27.5%
2054	18.7%	27.8%
2053	18.9%	28.1%
2052	19.2%	28.4%
2051	19.4%	28.7%
2050	19.6%	29%
2049	19.9%	29.3%
2048	20.1%	29.6%
2047	20.4%	29.9%
2046	20.7%	30.2%
2045	21%	30.4%
2044	21.3%	30.7%
2043	21.6%	30.9%
2042	21.9%	31.1%
2041	22.2%	31.4%
2040	22.5%	31.6%
2039	22.9%	31.8%
2038	23.2%	32.1%
2037	23.6%	32.3%
2036	23.9%	32.6%
2035	24.3%	32.9%
2034	24.6%	33.1%
2033	25%	33.4%
2032	25.4%	33.7%
2031	25.8%	34%
2030	26.2%	34.3%
2029	26.6%	34.7%
2028	27.1%	35.1%
2027	27.5%	35.6%
2026	27.9%	36%
2025	28.2%	36.5%
2024	28.4%	36.7%
2023	28.7%	37%
2022	28.9%	37.3%
2021	29.4%	37.6%
2020	30.1%	37.9%
2019	30.9%	38.1%
2018	31.6%	38.3%
2017	32.1%	38.5%
2016	32.5%	38.6%
2015	33%	38.8%
2014	33.6%	38.9%
2013	34.2%	38.9%
2012	34.7%	39%
2011	35.3%	39.1%
2010	36%	39.3%
2009	36.7%	39.6%
2008	37.5%	40%
2007	38.1%	40.4%
2006	38.7%	40.9%
2005	39.2%	41.3%
2004	39.6%	41.8%
2003	40%	42.3%
2002	40.4%	42.6%
2001	40.7%	42.9%
2000	40.9%	43.3%
1999	41.1%	43.6%
1998	41.3%	43.9%
1997	41.4%	44.1%
1996	41.5%	44.3%
1995	41.4%	44.5%
1994	41.4%	44.5%
1993	41.3%	44.5%
1992	41.4%	44.3%
1991	41.5%	44.1%
1990	41.5%	44.1%
1989	41.5%	44%
1988	41.4%	43.8%
1987	41.3%	43.7%
1986	41.2%	43.6%
1985	41.1%	43.5%
1984	41%	43.3%
1983	41%	43.1%
1982	40.9%	43%
1981	40.9%	43.1%
1980	40.9%	43.3%
1979	40.8%	43.7%
1978	40.8%	43.8%
1977	40.7%	43.9%
1976	40.7%	44%
1975	40.6%	44.1%
1974	40.5%	44.1%
1973	40.5%	44.1%
1972	40.4%	44.1%
1971	40.4%	44%
1970	40.3%	43.9%
1969	40.3%	43.7%
1968	40.3%	43.5%
1967	40.3%	43.3%
1966	40.4%	43%
1965	40.4%	42.7%
1964	40.4%	42.2%
1963	40.5%	41.8%
1962	40.6%	41.6%
1961	40.7%	41.4%
1960	40.7%	41.3%

Children aged 0-14 make up 28.4% of the population in Nepal and 36.7% in Pakistan in 2024, compared to 41.5% and 44.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Nepal and Pakistan compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Nepal vs Pakistan

Chart Table

Nepal

Pakistan

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Nepal	Pakistan
2023	142	155
2022	139	160
2021	173	193
2020	153	178
2019	170	173
2018	183	178
2017	197	184
2016	214	193
2015	236	202
2014	245	211
2013	258	220
2012	272	227
2011	286	234
2010	297	240
2009	299	246
2008	302	254
2007	309	265
2006	318	284
2005	344	316
2004	364	333
2003	387	358
2002	414	380
2001	443	400
2000	480	419
1999	512	438
1998	522	456
1997	550	476
1996	584	482
1995	625	485
1994	657	479
1993	703	473
1992	768	459
1991	850	443
1990	920	434
1989	973	439
1988	1,038	441
1987	1,088	442
1986	1,143	436
1985	1,186	432

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 142 deaths per 100,000 live births in Nepal, compared to 155 deaths in Pakistan.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Nepal

Pakistan

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Nepal	Pakistan
2023	2.65%	5.85%
2022	2.75%	6.05%
2021	2.86%	6.25%
2020	2.99%	6.46%
2019	3.14%	6.67%
2018	3.3%	6.88%
2017	3.46%	7.1%
2016	3.64%	7.33%
2015	3.82%	7.56%
2014	4.01%	7.8%
2013	4.21%	8.04%
2012	4.41%	8.27%
2011	4.62%	8.49%
2010	4.83%	8.71%
2009	5.05%	8.91%
2008	5.27%	9.1%
2007	5.51%	9.29%
2006	5.76%	9.47%
2005	6.04%	9.65%
2004	6.35%	9.85%
2003	6.69%	10.1%
2002	7.06%	10.3%
2001	7.48%	10.5%
2000	7.92%	10.8%
1999	8.4%	11.1%
1998	8.91%	11.5%
1997	9.44%	11.8%
1996	10%	12.1%
1995	10.6%	12.5%
1994	11.2%	12.8%
1993	11.8%	13.1%
1992	12.5%	13.4%
1991	13.2%	13.7%
1990	13.9%	14%
1989	14.6%	14.2%
1988	15.3%	14.5%
1987	16.1%	14.8%
1986	16.8%	15%
1985	17.5%	15.3%
1984	18.2%	15.6%
1983	18.8%	15.8%
1982	19.5%	16.1%
1981	20.2%	16.3%
1980	20.8%	16.5%
1979	21.5%	16.7%
1978	22.1%	16.9%
1977	22.7%	17.1%
1976	23.3%	17.4%
1975	23.9%	17.6%
1974	24.5%	17.8%
1973	25%	18.1%
1972	25.6%	18.4%
1971	26.2%	18.7%
1970	26.7%	19%
1969	27.3%	19.4%
1968	28%	19.7%
1967	28.7%	20.2%
1966	29.4%	20.6%
1965	30%	21.2%
1964	30.7%	21.8%
1963	31.3%	22.5%
1962	31.9%	23.3%
1961	32.4%	24.1%
1960	32.8%	25%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 2.65% in Nepal and 5.85% in Pakistan. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.