San Marino has a GDP of $2.03B compared to $30.8T for the United States, ranking 180/197 and 1/197 by economy size, respectively.
San Marino has $1.39B in government debt (60.6% of GDP), compared to $38.1T (123.9% of GDP) in the United States.
San Marino vs United States GDP by year
| Year | GDP, current $ | |
|---|---|---|
San Marino
|
United States
|
|
| 2025 | - | $30,769,700,000,000 |
| 2024 | - | $29,298,013,000,000 |
| 2023 | $2,027,243,194 | $27,811,517,000,000 |
| 2022 | $1,831,701,023 | $26,054,614,000,000 |
| 2021 | $1,855,395,712 | $23,725,645,000,000 |
| 2020 | $1,544,713,785 | $21,375,281,000,000 |
| 2019 | $1,616,231,696 | $21,539,982,000,000 |
| 2018 | $1,655,354,329 | $20,656,516,000,000 |
| 2017 | $1,528,621,193 | $19,612,102,000,000 |
| 2016 | $1,468,342,400 | $18,804,913,000,000 |
| 2015 | $1,419,400,396 | $18,295,019,000,000 |
| 2014 | $1,673,910,988 | $17,608,138,000,000 |
| 2013 | $1,678,741,202 | $16,880,683,000,000 |
| 2012 | $1,604,701,051 | $16,253,970,000,000 |
| 2011 | $1,813,717,695 | $15,599,732,000,000 |
| 2010 | $1,881,191,950 | $15,048,971,000,000 |
| 2009 | $2,064,277,984 | $14,478,067,000,000 |
| 2008 | $2,403,214,436 | $14,769,862,000,000 |
| 2007 | $2,188,653,429 | $14,474,228,000,000 |
| 2006 | $1,909,765,811 | $13,815,583,000,000 |
| 2005 | $1,786,513,631 | $13,039,197,000,000 |
| 2004 | $1,715,341,295 | $12,217,196,000,000 |
| 2003 | $1,462,590,387 | $11,456,450,000,000 |
| 2002 | $1,148,872,076 | $10,929,108,000,000 |
| 2001 | $1,059,529,731 | $10,581,929,000,000 |
| 2000 | $1,007,661,291 | $10,250,952,000,000 |
| 1999 | $1,109,473,282 | $9,631,172,000,000 |
| 1998 | $1,048,316,226 | $9,062,817,000,000 |
| 1997 | $976,606,911 | $8,577,552,000,000 |
| 1996 | - | $8,073,122,000,000 |
| 1995 | - | $7,639,749,000,000 |
| 1994 | - | $7,287,236,000,000 |
| 1993 | - | $6,858,559,000,000 |
| 1992 | - | $6,520,327,000,000 |
| 1991 | - | $6,158,129,000,000 |
| 1990 | - | $5,963,144,000,000 |
| 1989 | - | $5,641,580,000,000 |
| 1988 | - | $5,236,438,000,000 |
| 1987 | - | $4,855,215,000,000 |
| 1986 | - | $4,579,631,000,000 |
| 1985 | - | $4,338,979,000,000 |
| 1984 | - | $4,037,613,000,000 |
| 1983 | - | $3,634,038,000,000 |
| 1982 | - | $3,343,789,000,000 |
| 1981 | - | $3,207,041,000,000 |
| 1980 | - | $2,857,307,000,000 |
| 1979 | - | $2,627,333,000,000 |
| 1978 | - | $2,351,599,000,000 |
| 1977 | - | $2,081,826,000,000 |
| 1976 | - | $1,873,412,000,000 |
| 1975 | - | $1,684,904,000,000 |
| 1974 | - | $1,545,243,000,000 |
| 1973 | - | $1,425,376,000,000 |
| 1972 | - | $1,279,110,000,000 |
| 1971 | - | $1,164,850,000,000 |
| 1970 | - | $1,073,303,000,000 |
| 1969 | - | $1,017,438,172,414 |
| 1968 | - | $940,225,000,000 |
| 1967 | - | $859,620,034,483 |
| 1966 | - | $813,032,758,621 |
| 1965 | - | $741,904,862,069 |
| 1964 | - | $684,144,620,690 |
| 1963 | - | $637,058,551,724 |
| 1962 | - | $603,639,413,793 |
| 1961 | - | $561,940,310,345 |
| 1960 | - | $541,988,586,207 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/san-marino/united-states | CC BY 
GDP per capita in San Marino vs United States by year
| Year | Current $ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
San Marino
|
United States
|
|||
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2025 | - | - | $90,027 | - |
| 2024 | - | - | $86,143 | $85,810 |
| 2023 | $59,871 | $78,745 | $83,041 | $82,305 |
| 2022 | $54,265 | $75,941 | $78,178 | $77,861 |
| 2021 | $54,169 | $64,745 | $71,486 | $71,307 |
| 2020 | $44,427 | $55,207 | $64,475 | $64,402 |
| 2019 | $46,627 | $57,444 | $65,605 | $65,228 |
| 2018 | $47,951 | $54,461 | $63,201 | $62,876 |
| 2017 | $45,192 | $52,463 | $60,322 | $60,048 |
| 2016 | $44,359 | $53,033 | $58,207 | $57,977 |
| 2015 | $43,147 | $52,247 | $57,040 | $56,849 |
| 2014 | $51,260 | $52,909 | $55,304 | $55,153 |
| 2013 | $50,808 | $50,770 | $53,410 | $53,297 |
| 2012 | $47,946 | $51,274 | $51,784 | $51,708 |
| 2011 | $55,601 | $56,240 | $50,066 | $50,025 |
| 2010 | $56,543 | $58,926 | $48,651 | $48,643 |
| 2009 | $62,429 | $61,970 | $47,195 | $47,195 |
| 2008 | $75,902 | $71,724 | $48,570 | $48,570 |
| 2007 | $70,124 | $71,744 | $48,050 | $48,050 |
| 2006 | $63,271 | $67,434 | $46,302 | $46,302 |
| 2005 | $59,878 | $63,739 | $44,123 | $44,123 |
| 2004 | $58,232 | $61,114 | $41,725 | $41,725 |
| 2003 | $52,530 | $60,224 | $39,490 | $39,490 |
| 2002 | $41,791 | $57,584 | $37,998 | $37,998 |
| 2001 | $39,035 | $57,252 | $37,134 | $37,134 |
| 2000 | $37,601 | $53,713 | $36,330 | $36,330 |
| 1999 | $41,932 | $52,064 | $34,484 | $34,515 |
| 1998 | $40,127 | $47,679 | $32,823 | $32,854 |
| 1997 | $37,853 | $44,426 | $31,430 | $31,459 |
| 1996 | - | - | $29,937 | $29,968 |
| 1995 | - | - | $28,661 | $28,691 |
| 1994 | - | - | $27,662 | $27,695 |
| 1993 | - | - | $26,353 | $26,387 |
| 1992 | - | - | $25,381 | $25,419 |
| 1991 | - | - | $24,293 | $24,342 |
| 1990 | - | - | $23,840 | $23,889 |
| 1989 | - | - | $22,857 | - |
| 1988 | - | - | $21,417 | - |
| 1987 | - | - | $20,039 | - |
| 1986 | - | - | $19,071 | - |
| 1985 | - | - | $18,237 | - |
| 1984 | - | - | $17,121 | - |
| 1983 | - | - | $15,544 | - |
| 1982 | - | - | $14,434 | - |
| 1981 | - | - | $13,976 | - |
| 1980 | - | - | $12,613 | - |
| 1979 | - | - | $11,674 | - |
| 1978 | - | - | $10,565 | - |
| 1977 | - | - | $9,453 | - |
| 1976 | - | - | $8,592 | - |
| 1975 | - | - | $7,801 | - |
| 1974 | - | - | $7,226 | - |
| 1973 | - | - | $6,726 | - |
| 1972 | - | - | $6,094 | - |
| 1971 | - | - | $5,609 | - |
| 1970 | - | - | $5,234 | - |
| 1969 | - | - | $5,020 | - |
| 1968 | - | - | $4,685 | - |
| 1967 | - | - | $4,326 | - |
| 1966 | - | - | $4,136 | - |
| 1965 | - | - | $3,818 | - |
| 1964 | - | - | $3,565 | - |
| 1963 | - | - | $3,366 | - |
| 1962 | - | - | $3,236 | - |
| 1961 | - | - | $3,059 | - |
| 1960 | - | - | $3,000 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/san-marino/united-states | CC BY
San Marino's GDP per capita is $59,871, ranking 20/197, compared to $90,027 in the United States, ranking 10/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), San Marino ranks 17th at $78,745, while the United States ranks 12th at $85,810.
Economic indicators
|
San Marino
|
United States
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$2.03B
2023 |
$30.8T
2025 |
| GDP rank |
180/197
2023 |
1/197
2025 |
| GDP growth |
0.4%
2022-2023 |
2.16%
2024-2025 |
| GDP per capita |
$59,871
2023 |
$90,027
2025 |
| GDP per capita rank |
20/197
2023 |
10/197
2025 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$78,745
2023 |
$85,810
2024 |
| GDP per capita PPP rank |
17/197
2023 |
12/197
2024 |
| Government debt |
$1.39B
2023 |
$38.1T
2025 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
60.6%
2025 |
123.9%
2025 |
| Government debt per person |
$40,914
2023 |
$111,531
2025 |
| Government debt per person rank |
17/185
2023 |
2/185
2025 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$46,440
2026 |
$54,600
2026 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies | n/a |
$68.9T
2025 |
| Number of millionaires | n/a |
23,627,000
2026 |
| Number of billionaires | n/a |
989
2026 |
| Income share by richest 10% | n/a |
30.7%
2024 |
| Income share by poorest 10% | n/a |
1.7%
2024 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
22%
2025 |
37.7%
2025 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
2.3%
2024-2025 |
2.95%
2023-2024 |
| Central bank interest rate | n/a |
3.75%
2025 |
| Unemployment rate |
4.92%
2022 |
4.28%
2025 |
| Population |
34159
|
344434632
|
Spending and national debt comparison by year
| Year | % of GDP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
San Marino
|
United States
|
|||
| Government spending | Government debt | Government spending | Government debt | |
| 2025 | 22% | 60.6% | 37.7% | 123.9% |
| 2024 | 20.9% | 62.9% | 37.7% | 122.3% |
| 2023 | 21.7% | 68.3% | 37.5% | 120% |
| 2022 | 21.7% | 70.6% | 36.8% | 119.1% |
| 2021 | 37.1% | 77.2% | 43.2% | 125% |
| 2020 | 59.2% | 69.8% | 44.7% | 132.6% |
| 2019 | 22.4% | 56.2% | 35.8% | 108.8% |
| 2018 | 24.5% | 56.7% | 35.3% | 107.7% |
| 2017 | 25.6% | 56.6% | 35.2% | 106.4% |
| 2016 | 23.4% | 21.4% | 35.3% | 107.4% |
| 2015 | 26.3% | 19.3% | 35% | 105.4% |
| 2014 | 23.7% | 21% | 35.3% | 104.9% |
| 2013 | 30.2% | 23.2% | 35.8% | 105% |
| 2012 | 30.6% | 17.2% | 37.2% | 103.7% |
| 2011 | 25.4% | 16.6% | 38.8% | 100% |
| 2010 | 24.4% | 20% | 39.8% | 95.7% |
| 2009 | 24.8% | 20.1% | 41.4% | 87.1% |
| 2008 | 22% | 15.5% | 37.1% | 73.8% |
| 2007 | 20.7% | 12.6% | 34.6% | 64.9% |
| 2006 | 19.7% | 14.2% | 33.7% | 64.5% |
| 2005 | 19.3% | 14.5% | 33.9% | 65.8% |
| 2004 | 19% | 16.9% | 33.7% | 66.4% |
| 2003 | - | 16.1% | 34% | 59% |
| 2002 | - | 17.2% | 33.7% | 55.9% |
| 2001 | - | 11.6% | 32.8% | 53.5% |
| 2000 | - | - | 31.7% | 54.5% |
| 1999 | - | - | 32.2% | 60.5% |
| 1998 | - | - | 32.8% | 64.2% |
| 1997 | - | - | 33.7% | 67.4% |
| 1996 | - | - | 34.7% | 69.9% |
| 1995 | - | - | 35.5% | 70.7% |
| 1994 | - | - | 35.5% | 71.1% |
| 1993 | - | - | 36.4% | 71.9% |
| 1992 | - | - | 36.7% | 70.3% |
| 1991 | - | - | 35.7% | 67.9% |
| 1990 | - | - | 34.5% | 63.1% |
| 1989 | - | - | 33.7% | 61.6% |
| 1988 | - | - | 33.7% | 61.3% |
| 1987 | - | - | 34.3% | 60.6% |
| 1986 | - | - | 34.8% | 58.9% |
| 1985 | - | - | 34.5% | 55.4% |
| 1984 | - | - | 34.3% | 50.6% |
| 1983 | - | - | 35.7% | 48.9% |
| 1982 | - | - | 35.8% | 45.9% |
| 1981 | - | - | 33.9% | 41.1% |
| 1980 | - | - | 33.7% | 41.9% |
| 1979 | - | - | 32% | 41.2% |
| 1978 | - | - | 32.6% | 42.5% |
| 1977 | - | - | 33.4% | 43.6% |
| 1976 | - | - | 34.2% | 44.8% |
| 1975 | - | - | 35.2% | 44.6% |
| 1974 | - | - | 32.9% | 41.4% |
| 1973 | - | - | 31.9% | 42.6% |
| 1972 | - | - | 32.8% | 45.4% |
| 1971 | - | - | 32.3% | 47% |
| 1970 | - | - | 31.5% | 46.4% |
| 1969 | - | - | 29.3% | 45.9% |
| 1968 | - | - | 29.1% | 48.5% |
| 1967 | - | - | 28.3% | 50.4% |
| 1966 | - | - | 26.3% | 50.6% |
| 1965 | - | - | 25.4% | 53.7% |
| 1964 | - | - | 25.6% | 56.7% |
| 1963 | - | - | 26% | 58.8% |
| 1962 | - | - | 26% | 60.2% |
| 1961 | - | - | 25.9% | 62.3% |
| 1960 | - | - | 24.9% | 61.7% |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2001–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/san-marino/united-states | CC BY
In 2025, San Marino's government spending was $439M, accounting for 22% of its GDP, while the United States spent $11.6T, or 37.7% of GDP.
Debt-to-GDP ratio is 60.6% in San Marino and 123.9% in the United States, ranking 75/185 and 12/185, respectively.
Government deficit by year
| Year | Deficit/surplus, % of GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
San Marino
|
United States
|
|
| 2025 | -1% | -6.82% |
| 2024 | 0.39% | -7.86% |
| 2023 | -0.72% | -7.89% |
| 2022 | 0.42% | -3.72% |
| 2021 | -16.4% | -11.5% |
| 2020 | -37.6% | -14.1% |
| 2019 | -0.11% | -5.81% |
| 2018 | -1.56% | -5.33% |
| 2017 | -3.49% | -4.79% |
| 2016 | -0.19% | -4.36% |
| 2015 | -3.32% | -3.53% |
| 2014 | 1.06% | -4.03% |
| 2013 | -7.74% | -4.56% |
| 2012 | -7.08% | -8.11% |
| 2011 | -4.05% | -9.72% |
| 2010 | -2.24% | -11% |
| 2009 | -2.46% | -13.2% |
| 2008 | 0.18% | -6.61% |
| 2007 | 1.83% | -2.91% |
| 2006 | 1.51% | -2.04% |
| 2005 | 3.58% | -3.07% |
| 2004 | 2.44% | -4.24% |
| 2003 | - | -4.77% |
| 2002 | - | -3.82% |
| 2001 | - | -0.54% |
| 2000 | - | 3.62% |
| 1999 | - | 2.71% |
| 1998 | - | 2.18% |
| 1997 | - | 0.88% |
| 1996 | - | -0.46% |
| 1995 | - | -1.7% |
| 1994 | - | -2.05% |
| 1993 | - | -3.35% |
| 1992 | - | -3.98% |
| 1991 | - | -2.72% |
| 1990 | - | -1.64% |
| 1989 | - | -0.8% |
| 1988 | - | -1.06% |
| 1987 | - | -1.53% |
| 1986 | - | -2.81% |
| 1985 | - | -2.63% |
| 1984 | - | -2.97% |
| 1983 | - | -4.26% |
| 1982 | - | -3.78% |
| 1981 | - | -1.58% |
| 1980 | - | -2.17% |
| 1979 | - | -0.79% |
| 1978 | - | -1.7% |
| 1977 | - | -2.57% |
| 1976 | - | -3.63% |
| 1975 | - | -5.4% |
| 1974 | - | -1.27% |
| 1973 | - | -0.86% |
| 1972 | - | -1.86% |
| 1971 | - | -2.63% |
| 1970 | - | -1.21% |
| 1969 | - | 2.11% |
| 1968 | - | 1.23% |
| 1967 | - | 0.47% |
| 1966 | - | 2.07% |
| 1965 | - | 2.38% |
| 1964 | - | 2.18% |
| 1963 | - | 2.87% |
| 1962 | - | 2.32% |
| 1961 | - | 2.28% |
| 1960 | - | 3.2% |
| 1959 | - | -9.06% |
| 1958 | - | -8.68% |
| 1957 | - | -6.72% |
| 1956 | - | -6.02% |
| 1955 | - | -7.4% |
| 1954 | - | -5.55% |
| 1953 | - | -5.76% |
| 1952 | - | -5.41% |
| 1951 | - | -6.93% |
| 1950 | - | -8.22% |
| 1949 | - | -7.94% |
| 1948 | - | -4.16% |
| 1947 | - | -3.99% |
| 1946 | - | -6.45% |
| 1945 | - | -14.1% |
| 1944 | - | -13.4% |
| 1943 | - | -19.3% |
| 1942 | - | -16.3% |
| 1941 | - | -10.2% |
| 1940 | - | -9.73% |
| 1939 | - | -11.9% |
| 1938 | - | -10.4% |
| 1937 | - | -9.22% |
| 1936 | - | -12.1% |
| 1935 | - | -13.3% |
| 1934 | - | -14.9% |
| 1933 | - | -14.3% |
| 1932 | - | -12.7% |
| 1931 | - | -9.76% |
| 1930 | - | -5.46% |
| 1929 | - | -4.58% |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1929–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2001–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/san-marino/united-states | CC BY
In 2023, San Marino's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $14.7M, equivalent to 0.72% of GDP. This compares to the United States' deficit of $2.19T, or 7.89% of GDP.
Over the past 20 years, San Marino recorded a fiscal deficit in 13 of those years, while the United States ran a deficit in 20 years. On average, San Marino posted an annual deficit equal to 3.8% of GDP, compared to deficit of 6.52% of GDP for the United States.
Inflation comparison by year
| Year | Consumer prices inflation | |
|---|---|---|
|
San Marino
|
United States
|
|
| 2025 | 2.3% | - |
| 2024 | 1.2% | 2.95% |
| 2023 | 5.9% | 4.12% |
| 2022 | 5.3% | 8% |
| 2021 | 1.6% | 4.7% |
| 2020 | -0.1% | 1.23% |
| 2019 | 0.5% | 1.81% |
| 2018 | 1.2% | 2.44% |
| 2017 | 1% | 2.13% |
| 2016 | 0.6% | 1.26% |
| 2015 | 0.1% | 0.12% |
| 2014 | 1.1% | 1.62% |
| 2013 | 1.6% | 1.46% |
| 2012 | 2.8% | 2.07% |
| 2011 | 2.2% | 3.16% |
| 2010 | 2.4% | 1.64% |
| 2009 | 2.4% | -0.36% |
| 2008 | 4.1% | 3.84% |
| 2007 | 2.5% | 2.85% |
| 2006 | 2.1% | 3.23% |
| 2005 | 1.7% | 3.39% |
| 2004 | 1.4% | 2.68% |
| 2003 | 1.3% | 2.27% |
| 2002 | - | 1.59% |
| 2001 | - | 2.83% |
| 2000 | - | 3.38% |
| 1999 | - | 2.19% |
| 1998 | - | 1.55% |
| 1997 | - | 2.34% |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (2003–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/san-marino/united-states | CC BY
Over the past 22 years, San Marino has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.95%, compared with 2.57% in the United States. In 2024, inflation was 2.3% in San Marino and 2.95% in the United States.
Balance of trade
|
San Marino
|
United States
|
|
|---|---|---|
|
Current account balance
|
$446M
2023 |
-$1.12T
2025 |
| Current account balance ranking |
60/190
2023 |
190/190
2025 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
+22%
2023 |
-3.63%
2025 |
| Goods imports |
$2.25B
2023 |
$3.44T
2025 |
| Goods exports |
$2.53B
2023 |
$2.2T
2025 |
| Service imports |
$894M
2023 |
$903B
2025 |
| Service exports |
$1.25B
2023 |
$1.23T
2025 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
155%
2023 |
14%
2024 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
186%
2023 |
11%
2024 |
Economic freedom indices
The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.
|
San Marino
|
United States
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 76 | 72.8 |
| Economic freedom ranking | 16/197 | 27/197 |
| Property rights | n/a | 91.6 |
| Government integrity | n/a | 77.1 |
| Judicial effectiveness | n/a | 76.4 |
| Tax burden | n/a | 75.3 |
| Government spending | n/a | 57.9 |
| Fiscal health | n/a | 18.5 |
| Business freedom | n/a | 88.6 |
| Labor freedom | n/a | 76.3 |
| Monetary freedom | n/a | 84.2 |
| Trade freedom | n/a | 67.6 |
| Investment freedom | n/a | 80 |
| Financial freedom | n/a | 80 |
Other economic metrics
|
San Marino
|
United States
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
56.9%
2023 |
79.7%
2024 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
35.8%
2023 |
17.3%
2024 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
0.02%
2023 |
0.85%
2024 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$1.83B
2023 |
$30.4T
2025 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$71,920
2023 |
$89,490
2025 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$861M
2025 |
$1.39T
2025 |
| Total reserves ranking |
144/177
2025 |
2/177
2025 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
$52.7M
2023 |
$21.7B
2025 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
-$18.1M
2023 |
$297B
2024 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$0
2024 |
$322B
2024 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines | n/a |
15.1%
2020 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
16.6%
2023 |
21.5%
2024 |
GDP per capita map
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/san-marino/united-states | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1929–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2001–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.
The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.