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Economy of Thailand vs Uzbekistan compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Thailand has a GDP of $577B compared to $147B for Uzbekistan, ranking 30/197 and 61/197 by economy size, respectively.

Thailand has $373B in government debt (64.7% of GDP), compared to $42B (28.6% of GDP) in Uzbekistan.

Thailand vs Uzbekistan GDP by year

Thailand
Uzbekistan
1x
Year GDP, current $
Thailand Uzbekistan
2025 $577,009,981,112 $147,038,081,129
2024 $529,385,520,942 $121,356,065,241
2023 $517,013,369,475 $107,526,539,716
2022 $495,691,837,308 $94,286,355,836
2021 $506,049,783,825 $81,170,051,811
2020 $500,274,927,779 $70,127,127,133
2019 $543,976,691,794 $70,170,662,563
2018 $506,754,208,404 $61,318,332,403
2017 $456,356,813,537 $72,276,404,058
2016 $413,366,349,748 $97,871,364,319
2015 $401,296,238,228 $97,564,568,987
2014 $407,339,040,198 $91,303,765,114
2013 $420,333,654,593 $82,674,178,352
2012 $397,558,325,279 $75,318,846,931
2011 $370,818,739,624 $67,404,618,405
2010 $341,104,766,329 $55,544,226,553
2009 $281,710,630,187 $33,689,223,673
2008 $291,382,982,431 $29,549,438,884
2007 $262,942,621,455 $22,311,393,928
2006 $221,758,296,022 $17,330,833,853
2005 $189,318,408,469 $14,307,509,839
2004 $172,895,685,155 $12,030,023,548
2003 $152,280,615,246 $10,134,453,435
2002 $134,300,904,400 $9,687,788,513
2001 $120,296,476,180 $11,401,421,329
2000 $126,392,224,254 $13,760,513,969
1999 $126,669,211,779 $17,078,465,982
1998 $113,675,596,788 $14,988,971,211
1997 $150,180,456,566 $14,744,603,774
1996 $183,035,237,429 $13,948,892,216
1995 $169,278,916,593 $13,350,461,265
1994 $146,683,778,959 $12,899,074,922
1993 $128,889,262,951 $13,099,920,056
1992 $111,452,746,518 $12,953,801,760
1991 $98,234,714,971 $13,800,167,712
1990 $85,343,190,719 $13,362,340,338
1989 $72,250,748,100 $11,948,815,258
1988 $61,667,253,471 $10,722,799,639
1987 $50,535,446,555 $8,523,160,593
1986 $43,096,773,981 -
1985 $38,900,711,333 -
1984 $41,797,647,776 -
1983 $40,042,798,388 -
1982 $36,589,772,404 -
1981 $34,846,039,194 -
1980 $32,353,514,989 -
1979 $27,371,650,825 -
1978 $24,006,566,637 -
1977 $19,779,312,261 -
1976 $16,985,208,648 -
1975 $14,882,770,594 -
1974 $13,702,998,512 -
1973 $10,838,587,358 -
1972 $8,177,873,151 -
1971 $7,375,000,024 -
1970 $7,086,538,438 -
1969 $6,695,336,567 -
1968 $6,081,009,428 -
1967 $5,638,461,442 -
1966 $5,279,230,817 -
1965 $4,388,937,649 -
1964 $3,889,129,942 -
1963 $3,540,403,457 -
1962 $3,308,912,797 -
1961 $3,034,037,811 -
1960 $2,760,750,861 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/thailand/uzbekistan | CC BY

GDP per capita in Thailand vs Uzbekistan by year

Thailand
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Uzbekistan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Thailand Uzbekistan
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $8,057 - $3,968 -
2024 $7,387 $24,712 $3,337 $11,879
2023 $7,211 $23,519 $3,016 $11,107
2022 $6,910 $22,243 $2,699 $10,293
2021 $7,055 $20,243 $2,370 $9,248
2020 $6,983 $19,164 $2,088 $8,452
2019 $7,606 $19,963 $2,129 $8,544
2018 $7,100 $18,876 $1,894 $8,129
2017 $6,413 $17,573 $2,271 $7,818
2016 $5,834 $16,671 $3,128 $6,919
2015 $5,689 $15,791 $3,173 $6,800
2014 $5,801 $15,365 $3,021 $6,610
2013 $6,018 $15,216 $2,781 $6,413
2012 $5,726 $14,617 $2,574 $6,168
2011 $5,374 $13,227 $2,339 $5,949
2010 $4,974 $12,932 $1,957 $5,505
2009 $4,135 $11,964 $1,206 $5,135
2008 $4,309 $12,062 $1,075 $4,800
2007 $3,919 $11,723 $824 $4,386
2006 $3,331 $10,912 $649 $3,956
2005 $2,868 $10,169 $543 $3,618
2004 $2,642 $9,545 $462 $3,321
2003 $2,348 $8,824 $394 $3,047
2002 $2,090 $8,148 $381 $2,902
2001 $1,890 $7,632 $454 $2,782
2000 $2,006 $7,289 $555 $2,644
1999 $2,033 $6,901 $698 $2,522
1998 $1,848 $6,590 $621 $2,418
1997 $2,473 $7,148 $621 $2,329
1996 $3,055 $7,322 $597 $2,214
1995 $2,864 $6,901 $583 $2,178
1994 $2,518 $6,341 $574 $2,197
1993 $2,245 $5,834 $596 $2,318
1992 $1,972 $5,347 $603 $2,371
1991 $1,766 $4,914 $658 $2,676
1990 $1,559 $4,451 $653 $2,665
1989 $1,342 - $598 -
1988 $1,164 - $551 -
1987 $970 - $450 -
1986 $842 - - -
1985 $774 - - -
1984 $847 - - -
1983 $827 - - -
1982 $770 - - -
1981 $748 - - -
1980 $709 - - -
1979 $612 - - -
1978 $548 - - -
1977 $462 - - -
1976 $405 - - -
1975 $364 - - -
1974 $343 - - -
1973 $278.3 - - -
1972 $215.6 - - -
1971 $199.7 - - -
1970 $197.1 - - -
1969 $191.4 - - -
1968 $178.8 - - -
1967 $170.7 - - -
1966 $164.5 - - -
1965 $140.9 - - -
1964 $128.6 - - -
1963 $120.7 - - -
1962 $116.2 - - -
1961 $109.7 - - -
1960 $102.8 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/thailand/uzbekistan | CC BY

Thailand's GDP per capita is $8,057, ranking 97/197, compared to $3,968 in Uzbekistan, ranking 134/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Thailand ranks 85th at $24,712, while Uzbekistan ranks 125th at $11,879.

Economic indicators

Thailand Uzbekistan
Gross domestic product
$577B
2025
$147B
2025
GDP rank
30/197
2025
61/197
2025
GDP growth
2.44%
2024-2025
7.7%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$8,057
2025
$3,968
2025
GDP per capita rank
97/197
2025
134/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$24,712
2024
$11,879
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
85/197
2024
125/197
2024
Government debt
$373B
2025
$42B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
64.7%
2025
28.6%
2025
Government debt per person
$5,211
2025
$1,134
2025
Government debt per person rank
83/185
2025
139/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$7,438
2026
$3,560
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$512B
2025
$23.7B
2025
Number of millionaires
100,001
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
25
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
26%
2024
24.2%
2025
Income share by poorest 10%
3.4%
2024
2.4%
2025
Government expenditure, % of GDP
23%
2025
27.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
-0.13%
2024-2025
8.8%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
1.5%
2025
14%
2025
Unemployment rate
0.6%
2025
5.29%
2020
Population
71565981
38082870

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Thailand
Spending

Debt
Uzbekistan
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Thailand Uzbekistan
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 23% 64.7% 27.4% 28.6%
2024 22.6% 62.9% 26.1% 30.9%
2023 22.7% 62.2% 28.6% 30.7%
2022 24.7% 60.5% 30% 29.2%
2021 26.8% 58.4% 26.1% 30.2%
2020 24.9% 49.4% 24.7% 31.9%
2019 20.6% 41.1% 23.4% 24.3%
2018 21.2% 41.9% 21.2% 16.7%
2017 21.6% 41.8% 19.9% 17.3%
2016 21.4% 41.7% 20.5% 7.21%
2015 22.3% 42.6% 21.7% 5.94%
2014 22.2% 43.3% 22% 5.39%
2013 21.6% 42.2% 22.3% 5.51%
2012 22.3% 41.9% 21.5% 6.06%
2011 21.1% 39.1% 21.1% 5.65%
2010 22% 39.8% 23.7% 5.92%
2009 21.7% 42.4% 24.7% 6.57%
2008 19.2% 34.9% 23.8% 7.5%
2007 20% 36% 22.4% 8.6%
2006 18.7% 39.2% 22.3% 12.2%
2005 19.6% 45.5% 25.3% 18.9%
2004 19.3% 46.3% 26.5% 24.2%
2003 18.3% 47.5% 28.4% 28.3%
2002 25.7% 54.9% 31.2% 37.5%
2001 20.8% 57.5% 27.6% 40.4%
2000 19.3% 57.8% 29.6% 26.5%
1999 26.5% 56.6% 30.3% 16.6%
1998 23.9% 49.9% 31.6% 16.2%
1997 21.6% 40.5% 28.7% 13.8%
1996 18% 15.2% 31.6% -
1995 17.2% 5.12% 26.5% -
1994 16% 6.69% 24.4% -
1993 18.8% 9.14% 35.6% -
1992 17.8% 11.4% 16.2% -
1991 17% 14.1% - -
1990 16.6% 18% - -
1989 16.5% 23.7% - -
1988 15.1% 30.3% - -
1987 17.5% 38.8% - -
1986 19.5% 40.1% - -
1985 20.5% 36.8% - -
1984 19.3% 30.6% - -
1983 19.5% 28.9% - -
1982 20.2% 27.1% - -
1981 19.1% 24.4% - -
1980 18.7% 22.1% - -
1979 16.9% 23.7% - -
1978 16.6% 22.8% - -
1977 16.1% 22.4% - -
1976 15.6% 22% - -
1975 14.2% 15.8% - -
1974 13.2% 16.3% - -
1973 15.9% 21.2% - -
1972 18.5% 26.8% - -
1971 18.8% 21.5% - -
1970 17.6% 18.5% - -
1969 15.9% 17.7% - -
1968 16% 15.5% - -
1967 15.5% 15% - -
1966 14.7% 14.4% - -
1965 14.7% 14.8% - -
1964 13.3% 13.3% - -
1963 12% 12.6% - -
1962 11.9% 13.4% - -
1961 9.58% 12.9% - -
1960 12.1% 14.3% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1992–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1995, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/thailand/uzbekistan | CC BY

In 2025, Thailand's government spending was $133B, accounting for 23% of its GDP, while Uzbekistan spent $40.2B, or 27.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 64.7% in Thailand and 28.6% in Uzbekistan, ranking 67/185 and 159/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Thailand

Uzbekistan
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Thailand Uzbekistan
2025 -1.91% -1.66%
2024 -1.29% -2.25%
2023 -1.91% -3.85%
2022 -4.61% -3.49%
2021 -6.72% -3.9%
2020 -4.47% -2.8%
2019 0.43% -0.29%
2018 0.2% 1.57%
2017 -0.51% 1.04%
2016 0.41% 0.62%
2015 0.19% -0.24%
2014 -0.7% 1.68%
2013 0.6% 1.9%
2012 -0.86% 5.28%
2011 0.09% 4.56%
2010 -1.07% 2.29%
2009 -2.21% 1.64%
2008 0.8% 5.38%
2007 0.22% 3.2%
2006 1.87% 2.45%
2005 2.17% -3.17%
2004 1.11% -3.37%
2003 1.98% -4.39%
2002 -6.72% -5.69%
2001 -1.77% -2.95%
2000 -1.79% -3.29%
1999 -9.02% -2.62%
1998 -6.29% -2.74%
1997 -1.68% -1.85%
1996 2.75% -1.41%
1995 3.05% -1.59%
1994 2.78% -4.03%
1993 6.67% -10.8%
1992 -0.18% 6.44%
1991 1.6% -
1990 1.41% -
1989 0.16% -
1988 0.58% -
1987 -2.38% -
1986 -4.32% -
1985 -5.11% -
1984 -3.85% -
1983 -4.02% -
1982 -6.18% -
1981 -4.07% -
1980 -4.41% -
1979 -3.62% -
1978 -3.31% -
1977 -2.91% -
1976 -3.35% -
1975 -1.73% -
1974 1.29% -
1973 -2.7% -
1972 -4.81% -
1971 -5.47% -
1970 -3.73% -
1969 -2.53% -
1968 -2.79% -
1967 -2.1% -
1966 -1.13% -
1965 -1.05% -
1964 -1.01% -
1963 -0.81% -
1962 -0.27% -
1961 0.05% -
1960 0.48% -
1959 -1.15% -
1958 -0.91% -
1957 -1.31% -
1956 -1.38% -
1955 -1.65% -
1954 -3.46% -
1953 -3.56% -
1952 -2.4% -
1951 -3.54% -
1950 -0.7% -
1949 0.7% -
1948 -0.1% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1992–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1948–1994, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/thailand/uzbekistan | CC BY

In 2025, Thailand's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $11B, equivalent to 1.91% of GDP. This compares to Uzbekistan's deficit of $2.43B, or 1.66% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, Thailand recorded a fiscal deficit in 18 of those years, while Uzbekistan ran a deficit in 21 years. On average, Thailand posted an annual deficit equal to 0.83% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.83% of GDP for Uzbekistan.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Thailand

Uzbekistan
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Thailand Uzbekistan
2025 -0.13% 8.8%
2024 0.4% 9.6%
2023 1.23% 10%
2022 6.08% 11.4%
2021 1.23% 10.8%
2020 -0.85% 12.9%
2019 0.71% 14.5%
2018 1.07% 17.5%
2017 0.66% 13.9%
2016 0.19% 8.8%
2015 -0.9% 8.5%
2014 1.89% 9.1%
2013 2.19% 11.7%
2012 3.01% 11.9%
2011 3.81% 12.4%
2010 3.25% 12.3%
2009 -0.85% 12.3%
2008 5.47% 13.1%
2007 2.24% 11.2%
2006 4.64% 13.1%
2005 4.54% 10.7%
2004 2.76% 7.3%
2003 1.8% 12.5%
2002 0.7% 27.3%
2001 1.63% 27.3%
2000 1.59% 25%
1999 0.28% 29.1%
1998 7.99% 29%
1997 5.63% 70.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/thailand/uzbekistan | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Thailand has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.15%, compared with 16.3% in Uzbekistan. In 2025, inflation was -0.13% in Thailand and 8.8% in Uzbekistan.

Top exports between countries

Thailand
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $38.5M
Raw materials & minerals $6.98M
Chemicals & pharma $2.94M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.92M
Wood & paper products $1.62M
Metals $1.57M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.14M
Raw agricultural goods $529K
Precious metals & jewellery $55K
Animal & marine products $42K
Uzbekistan
Export category Export value
Manufacturing & construction services $12.2M
Animal & marine products $2.42M
Chemicals & pharma $867K
Raw materials & minerals $717K
Raw agricultural goods $330K
Machinery & equipment $223K
Wood & paper products $67K
Textiles & consumer goods $53K
Government & miscellaneous services $18K
Metals $7K

Balance of trade

Thailand Uzbekistan
Current account balance
$15.9B
2025
-$5.78B
2025
Current account balance ranking
20/190
2025
167/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+2.76%
2025
-3.93%
2025
Goods imports
$312B
2025
$38.5B
2025
Goods exports
$335B
2025
$23B
2025
Service imports
$77.2B
2025
$13.6B
2025
Service exports
$76.2B
2025
$9.27B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
67.3%
2025
35.4%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
71.1%
2025
22%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Thailand Uzbekistan
Economic freedom 62.2 60.3
Economic freedom ranking 88/197 94/197
Property rights 41.8 43.1
Government integrity 38.9 32
Judicial effectiveness 35 13.7
Tax burden 80.8 95
Government spending 83.6 73.7
Fiscal health 81 79.9
Business freedom 69.9 62.5
Labor freedom 56.4 48.4
Monetary freedom 73.3 65.1
Trade freedom 70.2 80.6
Investment freedom 55 70
Financial freedom 60 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Thailand
Uzbekistan
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Thailand Uzbekistan
2026 62.2 60.3
2025 60.6 58
2024 59 55.9
2023 60.6 56.5
2022 63.2 55.7
2021 69.7 58.3
2020 69.4 57.2
2019 68.3 53.3
2018 67.1 51.5
2017 66.2 52.3
2016 63.9 46
2015 62.4 47
2014 63.3 46.5
2013 64.1 46
2012 64.9 45.8
2011 64.7 45.8
2010 64.1 47.5
2009 63 50.5
2008 62.3 51.9
2007 63.5 51.5
2006 63.3 48.7
2005 62.5 45.8
2004 63.7 39.1
2003 65.8 38.3
2002 69.1 38.5
2001 68.9 38.2
2000 66.6 38.1
1999 66.9 33.8
1998 67.3 31.5
1997 66.1 -
1996 71 -
1995 71.3 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/thailand/uzbekistan | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Thailand is 62.2, ranking 88/197, compared to 60.3 for Uzbekistan, ranking 94/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Thailand Uzbekistan
Services, % of GDP
60.2%
2025
46.5%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
31.1%
2025
32.5%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
8.75%
2025
16.6%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$551B
2025
$136B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$25,570
2025
$13,640
2025
Total reserves including gold
$282B
2025
$41.2B
2024
Total reserves ranking
15/177
2025
53/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$9.51B
2025
-$4.24B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$14.3B
2024
$2.97B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$7.36B
2024
$36.7M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.51%
2024
9.37%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
5.4%
2022
5.8%
2025
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.1%
2025
33.3%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/thailand/uzbekistan | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1992–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1948–1995, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2016–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.