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Economy of Japan vs Mauritius compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Japan has a GDP of $4.03T compared to $14.9B for Mauritius, ranking 4/197 and 143/197 by economy size, respectively.

Japan has $9.51T in government debt (236.1% of GDP), compared to $13.6B (91.1% of GDP) in Mauritius.

Japan vs Mauritius GDP by year

Japan
Mauritius
1x
Year GDP, current $
Japan Mauritius
2024 $4,027,597,523,551 $14,937,861,786
2023 $4,213,167,237,906 $14,072,212,290
2022 $4,262,463,317,797 $12,936,444,123
2021 $5,039,148,168,861 $11,622,048,697
2020 $5,054,068,005,376 $11,566,111,138
2019 $5,117,993,853,017 $14,645,235,205
2018 $5,040,880,939,325 $14,957,535,716
2017 $4,930,837,369,151 $13,896,938,315
2016 $5,003,677,627,544 $12,757,680,847
2015 $4,444,930,651,964 $12,162,211,503
2014 $4,896,994,405,353 $13,230,490,082
2013 $5,212,328,181,166 $12,434,596,541
2012 $6,272,362,996,105 $11,832,323,837
2011 $6,233,147,172,341 $11,677,718,382
2010 $5,759,071,769,013 $10,144,716,155
2009 $5,289,493,117,994 $9,264,513,545
2008 $5,106,679,115,127 $10,127,777,060
2007 $4,579,750,920,355 $8,277,442,915
2006 $4,601,663,122,650 $7,137,710,413
2005 $4,831,467,035,390 $6,576,108,447
2004 $4,893,116,005,657 $6,667,418,752
2003 $4,519,561,645,254 $5,894,873,920
2002 $4,182,846,045,874 $4,906,494,249
2001 $4,374,711,694,091 $4,675,755,867
2000 $4,968,359,075,957 $4,726,108,622
1999 $4,635,982,224,064 $4,402,193,195
1998 $4,098,362,709,531 $4,225,813,976
1997 $4,492,448,605,639 $4,243,755,308
1996 $4,923,391,533,852 $4,481,489,762
1995 $5,545,563,663,890 $4,094,741,652
1994 $4,998,797,547,741 $3,606,050,873
1993 $4,536,940,479,038 $3,307,302,126
1992 $3,980,702,922,118 $3,267,677,814
1991 $3,648,065,760,649 $2,895,354,736
1990 $3,185,904,656,664 $2,689,212,760
1989 $3,109,455,047,824 $2,211,312,823
1988 $3,125,724,434,401 $2,163,252,449
1987 $2,580,748,422,781 $1,906,174,438
1986 $2,120,083,812,110 $1,482,601,552
1985 $1,427,019,759,717 $1,090,611,325
1984 $1,345,824,500,837 $1,054,564,759
1983 $1,270,859,919,743 $1,104,956,573
1982 $1,158,731,426,906 $1,092,923,636
1981 $1,245,221,410,764 $1,157,769,444
1980 $1,129,377,244,854 $1,147,027,924
1979 $1,077,910,077,676 $1,227,446,632
1978 $1,035,611,588,217 $1,029,040,323
1977 $737,069,290,928 $834,722,972
1976 $598,883,902,156 $713,510,052
1975 $532,861,438,885 $673,311,287
1974 $490,035,789,970 $669,894,030
1973 $441,460,582,536 $404,285,775
1972 $324,933,841,269 $318,664,900
1971 $245,364,056,622 $251,437,338
1970 $217,223,652,719 $224,125,805
1969 $184,298,841,305 $221,553,613
1968 $156,897,496,759 $206,576,631
1967 $132,475,614,227 $238,439,291
1966 $113,046,784,179 $227,534,083
1965 $97,338,107,606 $230,024,161
1964 $87,490,590,818 $218,914,569
1963 $74,379,284,603 $253,839,558
1962 $64,987,857,542 $197,738,208
1961 $57,266,758,180 $191,757,729
1960 $47,419,238,274 $162,089,564

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/mauritius | CC BY

GDP per capita in Japan vs Mauritius by year

Japan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Mauritius
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Japan Mauritius
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $32,487 $52,039 $11,991 $31,840
2023 $33,836 $50,662 $11,270 $29,561
2022 $34,066 $47,192 $10,247 $26,874
2021 $40,095 $44,355 $9,178 $23,010
2020 $40,029 $42,426 $9,136 $21,622
2019 $40,416 $42,678 $11,568 $24,375
2018 $39,751 $42,142 $11,819 $23,416
2017 $38,834 $41,444 $10,987 $22,898
2016 $39,375 $40,597 $10,095 $21,952
2015 $34,961 $40,899 $9,631 $20,270
2014 $38,475 $39,555 $10,490 $19,294
2013 $40,899 $39,402 $9,877 $18,435
2012 $49,145 $37,606 $9,422 $17,259
2011 $48,760 $36,214 $9,324 $16,884
2010 $44,968 $35,336 $8,113 $15,920
2009 $41,309 $33,543 $7,427 $15,105
2008 $39,876 $35,274 $8,141 $14,569
2007 $35,779 $35,015 $6,677 $13,612
2006 $35,992 $33,632 $5,784 $12,593
2005 $37,813 $32,170 $5,354 $11,703
2004 $38,299 $30,832 $5,461 $11,216
2003 $35,387 $29,392 $4,858 $10,535
2002 $32,821 $28,624 $4,073 $9,824
2001 $34,406 $27,943 $3,909 $9,586
2000 $39,169 $27,288 $3,982 $9,143
1999 $36,610 $25,736 $3,746 $8,344
1998 $32,424 $25,508 $3,642 $8,121
1997 $35,638 $25,619 $3,696 $7,651
1996 $39,150 $24,999 $3,952 $7,206
1995 $44,198 $23,858 $3,648 $6,771
1994 $39,934 $22,823 $3,240 $6,414
1993 $36,345 $22,168 $3,014 $6,116
1992 $31,993 $21,825 $3,013 $5,753
1991 $29,428 $21,227 $2,705 $5,351
1990 $25,801 $19,912 $2,540 $5,010
1989 $25,266 - $2,103 -
1988 $25,500 - $2,074 -
1987 $21,142 - $1,840 -
1986 $17,452 - $1,442 -
1985 $11,809 - $1,069 -
1984 $11,207 - $1,042 -
1983 $10,652 - $1,103 -
1982 $9,780 - $1,101 -
1981 $10,583 - $1,181 -
1980 $9,669 - $1,187 -
1979 $9,301 - $1,292 -
1978 $9,012 - $1,102 -
1977 $6,473 - $906 -
1976 $5,310 - $787 -
1975 $4,776 - $755 -
1974 $4,448 - $763 -
1973 $4,061 - $467 -
1972 $3,031 - $374 -
1971 $2,321 - $299.6 -
1970 $2,101 - $271.3 -
1969 $1,803 - $272.7 -
1968 $1,553 - $258.7 -
1967 $1,326 - $304 -
1966 $1,144 - $296 -
1965 $994 - $305 -
1964 $903 - $297.3 -
1963 $776 - $353 -
1962 $685 - $282.3 -
1961 $609 - $281.7 -
1960 $509 - $238.3 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/mauritius | CC BY

Japan's GDP per capita is $32,487, ranking 38/197, compared to $11,991 in Mauritius, ranking 78/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Japan ranks 41st at $52,039, while Mauritius ranks 71st at $31,840.

Economic indicators

Japan Mauritius
Gross domestic product
$4.03T
2024
$14.9B
2024
GDP rank
4/197
2024
143/197
2024
GDP growth
0.1%
2023-2024
4.93%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$32,487
2024
$11,991
2024
GDP per capita rank
38/197
2024
78/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$52,039
2024
$31,840
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
41/197
2024
71/197
2024
Government debt
$9.51T
2024
$13.6B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
236.1%
2024
91.1%
2024
Government debt per person
$76,704
2024
$10,929
2024
Government debt per person rank
3/185
2024
54/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$23,653
2026
$7,203
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$6.31T
2024
$9.12B
2024
Number of millionaires
2,732,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
42
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
23.9%
2020
29.9%
2017
Income share by poorest 10%
2.4%
2020
2.9%
2017
Government expenditure, % of GDP
39.1%
2024
33.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.74%
2023-2024
3.6%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
0.75%
2025
4.5%
2025
Unemployment rate
2.54%
2024
5.21%
2024
Population
122677250
1240121

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Japan
Spending

Debt
Mauritius
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Japan Mauritius
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 39.1% 236.1% 33.7% 91.1%
2023 39.2% 240.5% 29.9% 85.6%
2022 41.8% 248.2% 29.4% 86.9%
2021 42.5% 253.7% 30.8% 93.8%
2020 44.5% 258.4% 32.6% 93.4%
2019 37.3% 236.4% 27.8% 74.6%
2018 36.7% 232.4% 24.3% 64.1%
2017 36.7% 231.3% 24.3% 63%
2016 37.2% 232.4% 24% 64.3%
2015 37.3% 228.3% 24.5% 65%
2014 38.4% 233.3% 23% 60.6%
2013 38.8% 229.5% 24.1% 58.2%
2012 38.6% 226.1% 22.5% 55.9%
2011 38.6% 219.2% 23.7% 56.5%
2010 37.7% 205.9% 24% 56.4%
2009 38.7% 198.8% 25.2% 58.4%
2008 34.1% 180.9% 22.7% 49.4%
2007 33.1% 173% 21.5% 51.6%
2006 33.1% 174.1% 22.2% 59.3%
2005 33.5% 174.6% 23% 61.7%
2004 33.7% 169.5% 22.6% 61.1%
2003 35% 160% 23.4% 70.8%
2002 35.4% 154.1% 23.3% 66.7%
2001 35.2% 145.1% 22.4% 60.5%
2000 36% 135.6% 22.2% 59.7%
1999 35.6% 129.5% 27.5% -
1998 38.6% 116% 26.6% -
1997 33.1% 105% 27.5% -
1996 33.8% 98.1% 27.4% -
1995 33.4% 92.5% 27.3% -
1994 32.8% 84.4% 27.5% -
1993 32.1% 72.8% 24.5% -
1992 30.3% 66.8% 26.8% -
1991 29.3% 62.4% 27.2% -
1990 29.5% 63.2% 30.2% -
1989 29.2% 65.7% - -
1988 29.9% 71.9% - -
1987 30.6% 75.8% - -
1986 30.4% 74.1% - -
1985 30.4% 68.3% - -
1984 31.2% 65.6% - -
1983 31.8% 63.5% - -
1982 31.7% 57.7% - -
1981 31.5% 52.8% - -
1980 33.5% 47.8% - -
1979 33.2% 43.8% - -
1978 32.1% 39% - -
1977 30.4% 31.1% - -
1976 29.1% 26.1% - -
1975 28.5% 20.9% - -
1974 25.5% 16.7% - -
1973 23.3% 15.9% - -
1972 23.1% 16.3% - -
1971 21.8% 12.6% - -
1970 20.2% 11.2% - -
1969 19.8% 11.4% - -
1968 20.1% 11.8% - -
1967 19.9% 11.4% - -
1966 20.8% 11.2% - -
1965 20.4% 9.78% - -
1964 19.8% 8.53% - -
1963 20% 8.66% - -
1962 19.4% 9.01% - -
1961 18.2% 8.44% - -
1960 18.4% 10.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/mauritius | CC BY

In 2024, Japan's government spending was $1.57T, accounting for 39.1% of its GDP, while Mauritius spent $5.03B, or 33.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 236.1% in Japan and 91.1% in Mauritius, ranking 3/185 and 30/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Japan

Mauritius
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Japan Mauritius
2024 -1.53% -7.47%
2023 -2.26% -4.7%
2022 -4.21% -3.34%
2021 -6.13% -4.45%
2020 -9.08% -10.6%
2019 -3.04% -7.53%
2018 -2.47% -2.19%
2017 -3.1% -1.66%
2016 -3.6% -2.81%
2015 -3.68% -3.59%
2014 -5.62% -3.13%
2013 -7.61% -3.4%
2012 -8.2% -1.78%
2011 -8.99% -3.09%
2010 -9.08% -3.07%
2009 -9.69% -3.41%
2008 -4.11% -2.66%
2007 -2.9% -3.09%
2006 -3.03% -4.14%
2005 -4.44% -4.44%
2004 -5.31% -4.34%
2003 -7.43% -4.82%
2002 -7.34% -5.18%
2001 -6.2% -5.53%
2000 -7.28% -4.4%
1999 -6.75% -
1998 -10% -
1997 -3.53% -
1996 -4.87% -
1995 -4.3% -
1994 -3.76% -
1993 -2.39% -
1992 0.57% -
1991 1.67% -
1990 1.96% -
1989 1.23% -
1988 0.49% -
1987 -0.36% -
1986 -1.36% -
1985 -1.37% -
1984 -2.62% -
1983 -3.95% -
1982 -3.81% -
1981 -3.85% -
1980 -4.66% -
1979 -5% -
1978 -5.79% -
1977 -4.02% -
1976 -3.89% -
1975 -2.92% -
1974 0.38% -
1973 0.56% -
1972 -0.13% -
1971 1.21% -
1970 1.74% -
1969 1.26% -
1968 0.88% -
1967 0.8% -
1966 -0.34% -
1965 0.48% -
1964 0.85% -
1963 1.08% -
1962 1.49% -
1961 2.58% -
1960 1.85% -
1959 0.97% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 1.27% -
1956 1.39% -
1955 -0.67% -
1954 0.7% -
1953 1.65% -
1952 2.22% -
1951 5.06% -
1950 6.99% -
1949 12.5% -
1948 7.53% -
1947 6.09% -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 0.32% -
1942 -0.13% -
1941 -0.19% -
1940 0.31% -
1939 0.11% -
1938 0.45% -
1937 0.71% -
1936 0.34% -
1935 0.26% -
1934 0.34% -
1933 0.28% -
1932 0.31% -
1931 0.23% -
1930 0.19% -
1929 0.5% -
1928 0.42% -
1927 0.58% -
1926 0.65% -
1925 0.75% -
1924 0.84% -
1923 0.87% -
1922 0.89% -
1921 1.43% -
1920 1.19% -
1919 1.21% -
1918 1.58% -
1917 1.54% -
1916 1.37% -
1915 1.41% -
1914 1.31% -
1913 1.21% -
1912 1.27% -
1911 1.21% -
1910 1.57% -
1909 1.51% -
1908 1.63% -
1907 1.77% -
1906 0.46% -
1905 -0.68% -
1904 -0.81% -
1903 0.19% -
1902 0.44% -
1901 0.21% -
1900 0.53% -
1899 0.2% -
1898 0.6% -
1897 0.33% -
1896 0.88% -
1895 0.28% -
1894 -0.24% -
1893 0.6% -
1892 0.63% -
1891 0.61% -
1890 0.74% -
1889 0.18% -
1888 0.13% -
1887 0.11% -
1886 0.03% -
1885 0.01% -
1884 0.001% -
1883 0.03% -
1882 0.001% -
1881 0.001% -
1880 0.004% -
1879 0.02% -
1878 0.02% -
1877 -0.29% -
1876 -0.42% -
1875 0.005% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1875–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/mauritius | CC BY

In 2024, Japan's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $61.6B, equivalent to 1.53% of GDP. This compares to Mauritius' deficit of $1.12B, or 7.47% of GDP.

Over the past 25 years, Japan recorded a fiscal deficit in 25 of those years, while Mauritius ran a deficit in 25 years. On average, Japan posted an annual deficit equal to 5.45% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.19% of GDP for Mauritius.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Japan

Mauritius
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Japan Mauritius
2024 2.74% 3.6%
2023 3.27% 7.05%
2022 2.5% 10.8%
2021 -0.23% 4.03%
2020 -0.02% 2.58%
2019 0.47% 0.41%
2018 0.99% 3.22%
2017 0.48% 3.67%
2016 -0.13% 0.98%
2015 0.8% 1.29%
2014 2.76% 3.22%
2013 0.34% 3.54%
2012 -0.04% 3.85%
2011 -0.27% 6.52%
2010 -0.73% 2.93%
2009 -1.35% 2.52%
2008 1.38% 9.73%
2007 0.06% 8.83%
2006 0.25% 8.91%
2005 -0.28% 4.94%
2004 -0.009% 4.71%
2003 -0.26% 3.92%
2002 -0.92% 6.42%
2001 -0.74% 5.39%
2000 -0.68% 4.2%
1999 -0.34% 6.91%
1998 0.66% 6.81%
1997 1.75% 6.83%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/mauritius | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Japan has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 0.44%, compared with 4.92% in Mauritius. In 2024, inflation was 2.74% in Japan and 3.6% in Mauritius.

Top exports between countries

Japan
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $188M
Miscellaneous $29.7M
Animal & marine products $3.97M
Chemicals & pharma $1.12M
Raw materials & minerals $917K
Textiles & consumer goods $518K
Metals $376K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $278K
Raw agricultural goods $44K
Wood & paper products $42K
Mauritius
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $16.8M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.85M
Textiles & consumer goods $637K
Chemicals & pharma $270K
Machinery & equipment $216K
Raw agricultural goods $71K
Precious metals & jewellery $63K
Metals $44K
Wood & paper products $13K
Miscellaneous $9K

Balance of trade

Japan Mauritius
Current account balance
$194B
2024
-$1.05B
2024
Current account balance ranking
3/190
2024
126/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+4.82%
2024
-7.03%
2024
Goods imports
$719B
2024
$6.35B
2024
Goods exports
$694B
2024
$2.37B
2024
Service imports
$246B
2024
$2.28B
2024
Service exports
$228B
2024
$4.19B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
23.6%
2024
78.3%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
22.8%
2024
67.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Japan Mauritius
Economic freedom 70.3 73
Economic freedom ranking 36/197 26/197
Property rights 94.2 83.9
Government integrity 81.1 53.4
Judicial effectiveness 97.9 80.7
Tax burden 63 89.6
Government spending 52 73.8
Fiscal health 41.7 45.5
Business freedom 77.8 81.5
Labor freedom 65.9 69.6
Monetary freedom 74.3 70.7
Trade freedom 76.2 87
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 60 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Japan
Mauritius
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Japan Mauritius
2026 70.3 73
2025 70.2 75
2024 67.5 71.5
2023 69.3 70.6
2022 69.9 70.9
2021 74.1 77
2020 73.3 74.9
2019 72.1 73
2018 72.3 75.1
2017 69.6 74.7
2016 73.1 74.7
2015 73.3 76.4
2014 72.4 76.5
2013 71.8 76.9
2012 71.6 77
2011 72.8 76.2
2010 72.9 76.3
2009 72.8 74.3
2008 73 72.6
2007 72.7 69.4
2006 73.3 67.4
2005 67.3 67.2
2004 64.3 64.3
2003 67.6 64.4
2002 66.7 67.7
2001 70.9 66.4
2000 70.7 67.2
1999 69.1 68.5
1998 70.2 -
1997 70.3 -
1996 72.6 -
1995 75 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/mauritius | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Japan is 70.3, ranking 36/197, compared to 73 for Mauritius, ranking 26/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Japan Mauritius
Services, % of GDP
69.8%
2023
64.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
28.6%
2023
17.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.94%
2023
4.23%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$4.46T
2024
$16.2B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$55,490
2024
$35,100
2024
Total reserves including gold
$1.23T
2024
$8.51B
2024
Total reserves ranking
2/177
2024
83/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$191B
2024
$963M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$16.2B
2024
$681M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$203B
2024
$38.3M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
10.1%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
16.1%
2020
8.4%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
26.2%
2024
21.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1875–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.