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Economy of Japan vs Mauritius compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Japan has a GDP of $4.44T compared to $16.2B for Mauritius, ranking 4/197 and 144/197 by economy size, respectively.

Japan has $9.16T in government debt (206.5% of GDP), compared to $14B (86.5% of GDP) in Mauritius.

Japan vs Mauritius GDP by year

Japan
Mauritius
1x
Year GDP, current $
Japan Mauritius
2025 $4,435,162,999,977 $16,157,804,492
2024 $4,190,008,188,359 $14,938,055,690
2023 $4,384,854,269,962 $14,072,212,290
2022 $4,447,976,207,315 $12,936,444,123
2021 $5,225,933,520,753 $11,622,048,697
2020 $5,189,197,543,645 $11,566,111,138
2019 $5,245,755,000,479 $14,645,235,205
2018 $5,154,293,721,630 $14,957,535,716
2017 $5,038,231,631,661 $13,896,938,315
2016 $5,110,357,383,254 $12,757,680,847
2015 $4,534,438,580,495 $12,162,211,503
2014 $4,985,763,289,561 $13,230,490,082
2013 $5,272,297,037,397 $12,434,596,541
2012 $6,333,803,928,788 $11,832,323,837
2011 $6,279,422,550,219 $11,677,718,382
2010 $5,811,578,109,447 $10,144,716,155
2009 $5,336,765,697,589 $9,264,482,256
2008 $5,160,197,175,876 $10,127,741,915
2007 $4,624,670,179,655 $8,277,474,850
2006 $4,648,058,930,707 $7,137,710,413
2005 $4,875,648,486,366 $6,576,108,447
2004 $4,941,485,123,807 $6,667,418,752
2003 $4,573,413,206,709 $5,894,873,920
2002 $4,245,946,980,572 $4,906,494,249
2001 $4,438,792,748,062 $4,675,755,867
2000 $5,042,381,838,343 $4,726,108,622
1999 $4,688,983,449,627 $4,402,193,195
1998 $4,150,359,076,370 $4,225,813,976
1997 $4,579,780,793,432 $4,243,755,308
1996 $5,021,441,618,840 $4,481,489,762
1995 $5,639,649,753,986 $4,094,741,652
1994 $5,104,063,486,348 $3,606,050,873
1993 $4,632,480,515,091 $3,307,302,126
1992 $4,064,529,567,505 $3,267,677,814
1991 $3,724,887,648,862 $2,895,354,736
1990 $3,252,994,239,867 $2,689,212,760
1989 $3,174,934,735,896 $2,211,312,823
1988 $3,191,546,727,316 $2,163,252,449
1987 $2,635,094,473,494 $1,906,174,438
1986 $2,164,729,071,349 $1,482,601,552
1985 $1,457,070,301,468 $1,090,611,325
1984 $1,374,165,212,365 $1,054,564,759
1983 $1,297,622,008,229 $1,104,956,573
1982 $1,183,132,285,328 $1,092,923,636
1981 $1,271,443,597,067 $1,157,769,444
1980 $1,153,159,955,513 $1,147,027,924
1979 $1,100,608,979,757 $1,227,446,632
1978 $1,057,419,758,047 $1,029,040,323
1977 $752,590,681,822 $834,722,972
1976 $611,495,350,304 $713,510,052
1975 $544,082,569,364 $673,311,287
1974 $500,355,087,138 $669,894,030
1973 $450,756,970,744 $404,285,775
1972 $331,776,379,992 $318,664,900
1971 $250,530,994,765 $251,437,338
1970 $221,798,003,144 $224,125,805
1969 $188,179,852,753 $221,553,613
1968 $160,201,483,788 $206,576,631
1967 $135,265,319,098 $238,439,291
1966 $115,427,351,851 $227,534,083
1965 $99,387,878,008 $230,024,161
1964 $89,332,989,729 $218,914,569
1963 $75,945,582,324 $253,839,558
1962 $66,356,388,224 $197,738,208
1961 $58,472,696,006 $191,757,729
1960 $48,417,804,545 $162,089,564

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/mauritius | CC BY

GDP per capita in Japan vs Mauritius by year

Japan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Mauritius
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Japan Mauritius
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $35,951 - $12,991 -
2024 $33,797 $52,039 $11,991 $31,840
2023 $35,215 $50,662 $11,270 $29,561
2022 $35,548 $47,192 $10,247 $26,874
2021 $41,581 $44,355 $9,178 $23,010
2020 $41,099 $42,426 $9,136 $21,622
2019 $41,425 $42,678 $11,568 $24,375
2018 $40,645 $42,142 $11,819 $23,416
2017 $39,680 $41,444 $10,987 $22,898
2016 $40,215 $40,597 $10,095 $21,952
2015 $35,665 $40,899 $9,631 $20,270
2014 $39,173 $39,555 $10,490 $19,294
2013 $41,369 $39,402 $9,877 $18,435
2012 $49,627 $37,606 $9,422 $17,259
2011 $49,122 $36,214 $9,324 $16,884
2010 $45,378 $35,336 $8,113 $15,920
2009 $41,678 $33,543 $7,427 $15,105
2008 $40,294 $35,274 $8,140 $14,569
2007 $36,130 $35,015 $6,677 $13,612
2006 $36,354 $33,632 $5,784 $12,593
2005 $38,159 $32,170 $5,354 $11,703
2004 $38,678 $30,832 $5,461 $11,216
2003 $35,809 $29,392 $4,858 $10,535
2002 $33,316 $28,624 $4,073 $9,824
2001 $34,910 $27,943 $3,909 $9,586
2000 $39,753 $27,288 $3,982 $9,143
1999 $37,029 $25,736 $3,746 $8,344
1998 $32,835 $25,508 $3,642 $8,121
1997 $36,331 $25,619 $3,696 $7,651
1996 $39,930 $24,999 $3,952 $7,206
1995 $44,947 $23,858 $3,648 $6,771
1994 $40,774 $22,823 $3,240 $6,414
1993 $37,111 $22,168 $3,014 $6,116
1992 $32,667 $21,825 $3,013 $5,753
1991 $30,048 $21,227 $2,705 $5,351
1990 $26,345 $19,912 $2,540 $5,010
1989 $25,798 - $2,103 -
1988 $26,037 - $2,074 -
1987 $21,587 - $1,840 -
1986 $17,819 - $1,442 -
1985 $12,058 - $1,069 -
1984 $11,443 - $1,042 -
1983 $10,876 - $1,103 -
1982 $9,986 - $1,101 -
1981 $10,806 - $1,181 -
1980 $9,872 - $1,187 -
1979 $9,497 - $1,292 -
1978 $9,202 - $1,102 -
1977 $6,609 - $906 -
1976 $5,422 - $787 -
1975 $4,876 - $755 -
1974 $4,542 - $763 -
1973 $4,147 - $467 -
1972 $3,095 - $374 -
1971 $2,370 - $299.6 -
1970 $2,145 - $271.3 -
1969 $1,841 - $272.7 -
1968 $1,586 - $258.7 -
1967 $1,354 - $304 -
1966 $1,168 - $296 -
1965 $1,015 - $305 -
1964 $922 - $297.3 -
1963 $792 - $353 -
1962 $699 - $282.3 -
1961 $622 - $281.7 -
1960 $519 - $238.3 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/mauritius | CC BY

Japan's GDP per capita is $35,951, ranking 34/197, compared to $12,991 in Mauritius, ranking 80/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Japan ranks 41st at $52,039, while Mauritius ranks 71st at $31,840.

Economic indicators

Japan Mauritius
Gross domestic product
$4.44T
2025
$16.2B
2025
GDP rank
4/197
2025
144/197
2025
GDP growth
1.19%
2024-2025
3.15%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$35,951
2025
$12,991
2025
GDP per capita rank
34/197
2025
80/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$52,039
2024
$31,840
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
41/197
2024
71/197
2024
Government debt
$9.16T
2025
$14B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
206.5%
2025
86.5%
2025
Government debt per person
$74,248
2025
$11,233
2025
Government debt per person rank
3/185
2025
55/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$22,962
2026
$8,169
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$7.61T
2025
$8.89B
2025
Number of millionaires
2,902,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
41
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.3%
2020
29.9%
2017
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2020
2.9%
2017
Government expenditure, % of GDP
36.9%
2025
31.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.17%
2024-2025
3.67%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
0.75%
2025
4.5%
2025
Unemployment rate
2.5%
2025
5.21%
2024
Population
122704252
1240721

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Japan
Spending

Debt
Mauritius
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Japan Mauritius
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 36.9% 206.5% 31.4% 86.5%
2024 37.3% 214.5% 32.6% 86.1%
2023 37.8% 220.3% 28.5% 81.5%
2022 40.2% 227.8% 27.6% 81.8%
2021 41.3% 222.7% 28.3% 86.1%
2020 43.6% 228.8% 32.1% 91.9%
2019 36.4% 206.3% 30.2% 81.1%
2018 36% 203.7% 23.9% 63.1%
2017 35.9% 203.1% 23.6% 61.3%
2016 36.5% 202.1% 23.3% 62.6%
2015 36.6% 200.1% 23.7% 63%
2014 37.8% 203.6% 22.5% 59.1%
2013 38.4% 201.2% 23.4% 56.5%
2012 38.4% 197.1% 21.9% 54.2%
2011 38.4% 190.6% 23% 54.9%
2010 37.4% 178.6% 23.2% 54.4%
2009 38.3% 172.9% 24.5% 56.8%
2008 33.7% 153.6% 22.4% 48.8%
2007 32.8% 150.4% 20.4% 48.8%
2006 32.7% 152.1% 20.7% 55.3%
2005 33.2% 153.4% 21.8% 58.3%
2004 33.3% 148.8% 21.9% 59.4%
2003 34.6% 140.2% 22.2% 66.9%
2002 34.9% 134.6% 22% 63%
2001 34.7% 126.8% 21.5% 58.2%
2000 35.4% 118.5% 21.2% 56.9%
1999 35.2% 113.5% 25.9% -
1998 38.1% 101.6% - -
1997 32.4% 91.3% - -
1996 33.1% 85.3% - -
1995 32.8% 80.7% - -
1994 32.1% 73.3% - -
1993 31.4% 63.2% - -
1992 29.6% 57.9% - -
1991 28.6% 54.1% - -
1990 28.8% 54.8% - -
1989 29.2% 65.7% - -
1988 29.9% 71.9% - -
1987 30.6% 75.8% - -
1986 30.4% 74.1% - -
1985 30.4% 68.3% - -
1984 31.2% 65.6% - -
1983 31.8% 63.5% - -
1982 31.7% 57.7% - -
1981 31.5% 52.8% - -
1980 33.5% 47.8% - -
1979 33.2% 43.8% - -
1978 32.1% 39% - -
1977 30.4% 31.1% - -
1976 29.1% 26.1% - -
1975 28.5% 20.9% - -
1974 25.5% 16.7% - -
1973 23.3% 15.9% - -
1972 23.1% 16.3% - -
1971 21.8% 12.6% - -
1970 20.2% 11.2% - -
1969 19.8% 11.4% - -
1968 20.1% 11.8% - -
1967 19.9% 11.4% - -
1966 20.8% 11.2% - -
1965 20.4% 9.78% - -
1964 19.8% 8.53% - -
1963 20% 8.66% - -
1962 19.4% 9.01% - -
1961 18.2% 8.44% - -
1960 18.4% 10.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/mauritius | CC BY

In 2025, Japan's government spending was $1.63T, accounting for 36.9% of its GDP, while Mauritius spent $5.07B, or 31.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 206.5% in Japan and 86.5% in Mauritius, ranking 3/185 and 34/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Japan

Mauritius
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Japan Mauritius
2025 -1.05% -3.69%
2024 -1.67% -6.84%
2023 -2.39% -4.48%
2022 -4.23% -3.15%
2021 -6.32% -4.08%
2020 -9.04% -10.5%
2019 -3.05% -8.19%
2018 -2.44% -2.15%
2017 -3.05% -1.62%
2016 -3.58% -2.74%
2015 -3.64% -3.48%
2014 -5.58% -3.05%
2013 -7.62% -3.3%
2012 -8.22% -1.73%
2011 -9.02% -3%
2010 -9.05% -2.96%
2009 -9.62% -3.32%
2008 -4.07% -2.63%
2007 -2.86% -2.92%
2006 -3% -3.86%
2005 -4.39% -4.2%
2004 -5.26% -4.22%
2003 -7.35% -4.55%
2002 -7.22% -4.89%
2001 -6.11% -5.32%
2000 -7.17% -4.19%
1999 -6.68% -
1998 -9.91% -
1997 -3.44% -
1996 -4.75% -
1995 -4.22% -
1994 -3.7% -
1993 -2.34% -
1992 0.56% -
1991 1.64% -
1990 1.91% -
1989 1.23% -
1988 0.49% -
1987 -0.36% -
1986 -1.36% -
1985 -1.37% -
1984 -2.62% -
1983 -3.95% -
1982 -3.81% -
1981 -3.85% -
1980 -4.66% -
1979 -5% -
1978 -5.79% -
1977 -4.02% -
1976 -3.89% -
1975 -2.92% -
1974 0.38% -
1973 0.56% -
1972 -0.13% -
1971 1.21% -
1970 1.74% -
1969 1.26% -
1968 0.88% -
1967 0.8% -
1966 -0.34% -
1965 0.48% -
1964 0.85% -
1963 1.08% -
1962 1.49% -
1961 2.58% -
1960 1.85% -
1959 0.97% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 1.27% -
1956 1.39% -
1955 -0.67% -
1954 0.7% -
1953 1.65% -
1952 2.22% -
1951 5.06% -
1950 6.99% -
1949 12.5% -
1948 7.53% -
1947 6.09% -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 0.32% -
1942 -0.13% -
1941 -0.19% -
1940 0.31% -
1939 0.11% -
1938 0.45% -
1937 0.71% -
1936 0.34% -
1935 0.26% -
1934 0.34% -
1933 0.28% -
1932 0.31% -
1931 0.23% -
1930 0.19% -
1929 0.5% -
1928 0.42% -
1927 0.58% -
1926 0.65% -
1925 0.75% -
1924 0.84% -
1923 0.87% -
1922 0.89% -
1921 1.43% -
1920 1.19% -
1919 1.21% -
1918 1.58% -
1917 1.54% -
1916 1.37% -
1915 1.41% -
1914 1.31% -
1913 1.21% -
1912 1.27% -
1911 1.21% -
1910 1.57% -
1909 1.51% -
1908 1.63% -
1907 1.77% -
1906 0.46% -
1905 -0.68% -
1904 -0.81% -
1903 0.19% -
1902 0.44% -
1901 0.21% -
1900 0.53% -
1899 0.2% -
1898 0.6% -
1897 0.33% -
1896 0.88% -
1895 0.28% -
1894 -0.24% -
1893 0.6% -
1892 0.63% -
1891 0.61% -
1890 0.74% -
1889 0.18% -
1888 0.13% -
1887 0.11% -
1886 0.03% -
1885 0.01% -
1884 0.001% -
1883 0.03% -
1882 0.001% -
1881 0.001% -
1880 0.004% -
1879 0.02% -
1878 0.02% -
1877 -0.29% -
1876 -0.42% -
1875 0.005% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1875–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/mauritius | CC BY

In 2025, Japan's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $46.7B, equivalent to 1.05% of GDP. This compares to Mauritius' deficit of $596M, or 3.69% of GDP.

Over the past 26 years, Japan recorded a fiscal deficit in 26 of those years, while Mauritius ran a deficit in 26 years. On average, Japan posted an annual deficit equal to 5.27% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.04% of GDP for Mauritius.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Japan

Mauritius
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Japan Mauritius
2025 3.17% 3.67%
2024 2.74% 3.6%
2023 3.27% 7.05%
2022 2.5% 10.8%
2021 -0.23% 4.03%
2020 -0.02% 2.58%
2019 0.47% 0.41%
2018 0.99% 3.22%
2017 0.48% 3.67%
2016 -0.13% 0.98%
2015 0.8% 1.29%
2014 2.76% 3.22%
2013 0.34% 3.54%
2012 -0.04% 3.85%
2011 -0.27% 6.52%
2010 -0.73% 2.93%
2009 -1.35% 2.52%
2008 1.38% 9.73%
2007 0.06% 8.83%
2006 0.25% 8.91%
2005 -0.28% 4.94%
2004 -0.009% 4.71%
2003 -0.26% 3.92%
2002 -0.92% 6.42%
2001 -0.74% 5.39%
2000 -0.68% 4.2%
1999 -0.34% 6.91%
1998 0.66% 6.81%
1997 1.75% 6.83%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/mauritius | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Japan has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 0.54%, compared with 4.88% in Mauritius. In 2025, inflation was 3.17% in Japan and 3.67% in Mauritius.

Top exports between countries

Japan
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $177M
Miscellaneous $25.4M
Animal & marine products $2.52M
Raw materials & minerals $1.03M
Chemicals & pharma $751K
Textiles & consumer goods $697K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $222K
Metals $193K
Raw agricultural goods $92K
Wood & paper products $59K
Mauritius
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $5.01M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $703K
Precious metals & jewellery $266K
Textiles & consumer goods $256K
Machinery & equipment $213K
Chemicals & pharma $89K
Raw agricultural goods $81K
Metals $44K
Raw materials & minerals $8K
Miscellaneous $4K

Balance of trade

Japan Mauritius
Current account balance
$216B
2025
-$1.05B
2024
Current account balance ranking
3/190
2025
119/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+4.86%
2025
-7.03%
2024
Goods imports
$729B
2025
$6.35B
2024
Goods exports
$725B
2025
$2.37B
2024
Service imports
$269B
2025
$2.28B
2024
Service exports
$246B
2025
$4.19B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
22.9%
2024
74.9%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
22%
2024
65%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Japan Mauritius
Economic freedom 70.3 73
Economic freedom ranking 36/197 26/197
Property rights 94.2 83.9
Government integrity 81.1 53.4
Judicial effectiveness 97.9 80.7
Tax burden 63 89.6
Government spending 52 73.8
Fiscal health 41.7 45.5
Business freedom 77.8 81.5
Labor freedom 65.9 69.6
Monetary freedom 74.3 70.7
Trade freedom 76.2 87
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 60 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Japan
Mauritius
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Japan Mauritius
2026 70.3 73
2025 70.2 75
2024 67.5 71.5
2023 69.3 70.6
2022 69.9 70.9
2021 74.1 77
2020 73.3 74.9
2019 72.1 73
2018 72.3 75.1
2017 69.6 74.7
2016 73.1 74.7
2015 73.3 76.4
2014 72.4 76.5
2013 71.8 76.9
2012 71.6 77
2011 72.8 76.2
2010 72.9 76.3
2009 72.8 74.3
2008 73 72.6
2007 72.7 69.4
2006 73.3 67.4
2005 67.3 67.2
2004 64.3 64.3
2003 67.6 64.4
2002 66.7 67.7
2001 70.9 66.4
2000 70.7 67.2
1999 69.1 68.5
1998 70.2 -
1997 70.3 -
1996 72.6 -
1995 75 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/mauritius | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Japan is 70.3, ranking 36/197, compared to 73 for Mauritius, ranking 26/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Japan Mauritius
Services, % of GDP
71.4%
2024
63.9%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
26.8%
2024
17.7%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.96%
2024
4.62%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$4.73T
2025
$17.5B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$58,920
2025
$37,000
2025
Total reserves including gold
$1.37T
2025
$10.3B
2025
Total reserves ranking
3/177
2025
77/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$172B
2025
$963M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$18.9B
2024
$681M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$207B
2024
$38.3M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
10.1%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
16.1%
2020
8.4%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
27.7%
2024
19.9%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1875–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.