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Economy of Greece vs Ivory Coast compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Greece has a GDP of $281B compared to $99.8B for Ivory Coast, ranking 52/197 and 77/197 by economy size, respectively.

Greece has $409B in government debt (145.7% of GDP), compared to $56.2B (56.3% of GDP) in Ivory Coast.

Greece vs Ivory Coast GDP by year

Greece
Ivory Coast
1x
Year GDP, current $
Greece Ivory Coast
2025 $280,635,521,324 $99,773,555,666
2024 $256,238,371,778 $87,113,179,149
2023 $242,946,187,738 $80,780,312,569
2022 $217,990,189,601 $70,922,824,814
2021 $218,303,801,895 $72,794,636,654
2020 $191,362,985,555 $63,027,852,805
2019 $207,305,649,887 $60,382,894,697
2018 $213,298,873,494 $58,522,477,787
2017 $200,381,103,984 $52,512,343,997
2016 $193,097,239,006 $48,407,761,037
2015 $194,567,373,678 $45,815,005,169
2014 $233,911,581,521 $48,843,005,614
2013 $236,556,279,641 $42,760,235,485
2012 $238,841,140,018 $36,302,302,877
2011 $283,228,079,776 $36,693,710,801
2010 $296,417,644,404 $34,936,307,980
2009 $326,829,054,686 $33,886,813,250
2008 $351,121,399,546 $34,078,240,293
2007 $314,226,996,944 $28,760,090,953
2006 $269,073,415,334 $25,281,413,263
2005 $242,315,668,619 $24,036,918,703
2004 $234,979,615,898 $23,510,575,681
2003 $196,930,509,813 $21,251,754,340
2002 $150,253,800,086 $18,054,383,321
2001 $132,050,474,720 $16,810,537,044
2000 $125,760,166,225 $16,577,533,892
1999 $137,131,371,955 $18,870,992,456
1998 $139,612,812,176 $19,619,654,756
1997 $138,766,067,640 $18,047,558,038
1996 $142,502,984,145 $18,071,152,831
1995 $134,974,613,914 $11,000,146,267
1994 $114,980,063,202 $8,313,557,510
1993 $107,295,704,518 $11,045,760,288
1992 $114,608,178,405 $11,152,971,274
1991 $103,680,863,713 $10,492,628,581
1990 $96,529,587,274 $10,795,850,583
1989 $78,067,933,277 $9,757,410,645
1988 $75,200,610,137 $10,255,169,806
1987 $64,739,630,096 $10,087,654,465
1986 $55,595,445,472 $9,158,302,100
1985 $47,155,741,426 $6,977,650,644
1984 $47,352,146,312 $6,841,639,247
1983 $48,741,397,059 $6,838,184,773
1982 $53,858,346,939 $7,567,110,849
1981 $51,618,456,335 $8,432,589,942
1980 $56,039,256,595 $10,175,617,609
1979 $53,724,121,435 $9,142,933,967
1978 $43,654,480,519 $7,900,526,298
1977 $35,673,080,481 $6,265,068,189
1976 $30,719,552,239 $4,662,053,825
1975 $28,129,128,587 $3,893,839,190
1974 $24,998,715,909 $3,070,152,309
1973 $22,037,019,563 $2,508,421,426
1972 $16,650,659,091 $1,849,400,402
1971 $14,388,806,818 $1,584,128,509
1970 $12,957,113,636 $1,455,482,795
1969 $11,454,106,327 $1,361,360,293
1968 $9,950,331,206 $1,281,281,277
1967 $9,146,592,856 $1,082,922,725
1966 $8,472,021,467 $1,024,102,880
1965 $7,582,209,670 $919,771,229
1964 $6,576,906,345 $921,063,327
1963 $5,813,285,627 $761,047,198
1962 $5,140,542,929 $645,284,474
1961 $4,892,397,431 $618,245,634
1960 $4,274,890,307 $546,203,559

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/ivory-coast | CC BY

GDP per capita in Greece vs Ivory Coast by year

Greece
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Ivory Coast
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Greece Ivory Coast
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $26,948 - $3,050 -
2024 $24,626 $44,327 $2,728 $7,669
2023 $23,344 $42,711 $2,592 $7,237
2022 $20,885 $39,612 $2,333 $6,719
2021 $20,653 $33,531 $2,456 $6,045
2020 $17,887 $29,533 $2,180 $5,544
2019 $19,335 $31,927 $2,142 $5,516
2018 $19,873 $29,792 $2,131 $4,946
2017 $18,632 $28,682 $1,964 $4,690
2016 $17,919 $27,505 $1,863 $4,531
2015 $17,981 $26,608 $1,815 $4,404
2014 $21,475 $26,450 $1,991 $4,074
2013 $21,573 $25,731 $1,786 $3,619
2012 $21,624 $24,583 $1,547 $3,291
2011 $25,505 $25,693 $1,597 $3,176
2010 $26,653 $27,839 $1,554 $3,361
2009 $29,425 $29,963 $1,540 $3,177
2008 $31,696 $30,441 $1,584 $3,116
2007 $28,441 $28,896 $1,368 $2,985
2006 $24,416 $28,076 $1,230 $2,942
2005 $22,054 $25,004 $1,198 $2,842
2004 $21,449 $24,826 $1,200 $2,794
2003 $18,021 $23,253 $1,111 $2,702
2002 $13,782 $21,985 $968 $2,851
2001 $12,157 $20,304 $925 $2,962
2000 $11,638 $18,820 $937 $3,041
1999 $12,743 $17,758 $1,096 $3,065
1998 $13,023 $17,434 $1,177 $3,086
1997 $13,016 $16,630 $1,125 $3,040
1996 $13,433 $15,778 $1,170 $2,832
1995 $12,779 $15,218 $740 $2,683
1994 $10,937 $14,667 $582 $2,551
1993 $10,257 $14,150 $804 $2,577
1992 $11,021 $14,130 $845 $2,625
1991 $10,047 $13,824 $827 $2,677
1990 $9,467 $13,126 $886 $2,693
1989 $7,738 - $833 -
1988 $7,492 - $910 -
1987 $6,474 - $930 -
1986 $5,578 - $877 -
1985 $4,747 - $695 -
1984 $4,785 - $709 -
1983 $4,950 - $737 -
1982 $5,502 - $849 -
1981 $5,305 - $986 -
1980 $5,812 - $1,238 -
1979 $5,627 - $1,157 -
1978 $4,629 - $1,039 -
1977 $3,832 - $856 -
1976 $3,343 - $661 -
1975 $3,109 - $575 -
1974 $2,789 - $474 -
1973 $2,468 - $406 -
1972 $1,873 - $313 -
1971 $1,629 - $280.3 -
1970 $1,474 - $269 -
1969 $1,306 - $262.2 -
1968 $1,138 - $256.8 -
1967 $1,053 - $225.6 -
1966 $984 - $221.8 -
1965 $887 - $207 -
1964 $773 - $215.5 -
1963 $686 - $185.1 -
1962 $608 - $163.1 -
1961 $583 - $162.3 -
1960 $513 - $148.7 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/ivory-coast | CC BY

Greece's GDP per capita is $26,948, ranking 50/197, compared to $3,050 in Ivory Coast, ranking 145/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Greece ranks 52nd at $44,327, while Ivory Coast ranks 145th at $7,669.

Economic indicators

Greece Ivory Coast
Gross domestic product
$281B
2025
$99.8B
2025
GDP rank
52/197
2025
77/197
2025
GDP growth
2.07%
2024-2025
6.5%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$26,948
2025
$3,050
2025
GDP per capita rank
50/197
2025
145/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$44,327
2024
$7,669
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
52/197
2024
145/197
2024
Government debt
$409B
2025
$56.2B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
145.7%
2025
56.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$39,257
2025
$1,718
2025
Government debt per person rank
19/185
2025
124/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$14,117
2026
$2,667
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$129B
2025
$7.33B
2020
Number of millionaires
82,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
16
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
26%
2023
27.8%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
2.7%
2023
3.1%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
49.7%
2025
20.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.48%
2024-2025
0.13%
2024-2025
Unemployment rate
8.84%
2025
2.31%
2022
Population
10371575
33910252

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Greece
Spending

Debt
Ivory Coast
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Greece Ivory Coast
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 49.7% 145.7% 20.2% 56.3%
2024 48.2% 155.4% 20.4% 59.5%
2023 49.6% 165.5% 21% 56.7%
2022 53.1% 179.2% 21.9% 56%
2021 56.7% 197.8% 20.5% 50.2%
2020 59.3% 209.9% 20.4% 46.3%
2019 47.6% 183.7% 17.2% 37.2%
2018 48.6% 189.6% 17.6% 35.3%
2017 48.5% 182.6% 18.1% 32.6%
2016 50.3% 183.7% 17.6% 31.1%
2015 51.9% 180% 16.5% 29.2%
2014 51.5% 182.8% 15.2% 26.7%
2013 53% 180.5% 15.9% 24.6%
2012 54.9% 164.3% 16.1% 24.7%
2011 55.1% 175.1% 13.2% 50%
2010 53.1% 147.8% 14.5% 45.6%
2009 54.8% 128.5% 14.4% 46.5%
2008 51.5% 110.9% 14.6% 51.2%
2007 47.8% 104.6% 14.8% 53.5%
2006 45.9% 105.3% 14.5% 57.5%
2005 46.6% 109.9% 13.6% 58.2%
2004 48.8% 105.5% 13.5% 56.7%
2003 47.9% 104.3% 12.7% 56.4%
2002 47.1% 107.9% 13.1% 63%
2001 47.5% 110.5% 11.4% 71.2%
2000 48.2% 108.9% 12.9% 74%
1999 48% 102.8% 13.7% 78%
1998 46.7% 100.8% 14.6% 75.2%
1997 45.1% 102.6% 15.2% 84.2%
1996 46.1% 103.7% - -
1995 46.6% 100.4% - -
1994 36.9% 99.7% - -
1993 38.6% 101.7% - -
1992 36.9% 81.1% - -
1991 35.2% 75.7% - -
1990 38.5% 74.2% - -
1989 34.8% 60.7% - -
1988 33.8% 57.9% - -
1987 34% 53.2% - -
1986 33.8% 47.8% - -
1985 34.2% 47.3% - -
1984 32% 40.6% - -
1983 30.2% 34.1% - -
1982 28.7% 29.7% - -
1981 28.1% 27.1% - -
1980 24.5% 22.8% - -
1979 24.1% 22.7% - -
1978 30.1% 32.3% - -
1977 30.1% 24.5% - -
1976 29.1% 23.7% - -
1975 28.7% 24.1% - -
1974 25.3% 22.5% - -
1973 24.3% 22% - -
1972 26.8% 26.5% - -
1971 25.8% 25% - -
1970 25.2% 24.7% - -
1969 29.7% 25.8% - -
1968 26.3% 23% - -
1967 24.6% 21.1% - -
1966 22.8% 19% - -
1965 21.7% 16.5% - -
1964 20.4% 21.3% - -
1963 19.5% 22.6% - -
1962 19.7% 16.6% - -
1961 19.3% 14.4% - -
1960 20% 13.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/ivory-coast | CC BY

In 2025, Greece's government spending was $139B, accounting for 49.7% of its GDP, while Ivory Coast spent $20.1B, or 20.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 145.7% in Greece and 56.3% in Ivory Coast, ranking 7/185 and 85/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Greece

Ivory Coast
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Greece Ivory Coast
2025 1.26% -3%
2024 1.23% -3.96%
2023 -1.44% -5.12%
2022 -2.57% -6.74%
2021 -7.76% -4.88%
2020 -10.4% -5.42%
2019 -0.09% -2.22%
2018 0.78% -2.9%
2017 1.05% -3.27%
2016 0.28% -2.98%
2015 -3.03% -2.04%
2014 -4.29% -1.57%
2013 -4.06% -1.62%
2012 -6.94% -2.28%
2011 -10.5% -2.89%
2010 -11.4% -1.34%
2009 -15.4% -1%
2008 -10.3% -0.21%
2007 -6.81% -0.39%
2006 -6.04% -1.03%
2005 -6.33% -1.03%
2004 -9.05% -1.04%
2003 -8.05% -1.26%
2002 -6.2% -0.64%
2001 -5.64% 0.7%
2000 -4.21% -0.83%
1999 -6.02% -1.27%
1998 -6.48% -0.7%
1997 -6.25% -0.75%
1996 -8.35% -
1995 -9.87% -
1994 -8.48% -
1993 -11.5% -
1992 -10.6% -
1991 -9.63% -
1990 -13.3% -
1989 -11.9% -
1988 -9.63% -
1987 -8.09% -
1986 -8.62% -
1985 -9.56% -
1984 -7.19% -
1983 -6.17% -
1982 -5.49% -
1981 -7.08% -
1980 -2.5% -
1979 -2.34% -
1978 -5.39% -
1977 -5.21% -
1976 -5.05% -
1975 -5.3% -
1974 -4.39% -
1973 -3.71% -
1972 -4.16% -
1971 -3.32% -
1970 -3.24% -
1969 -6.65% -
1968 -3.39% -
1967 -2.59% -
1966 -2.17% -
1965 -2.55% -
1964 -2.89% -
1963 -2.25% -
1962 -2.4% -
1961 -2.69% -
1960 -3.3% -
1959 -2.77% -
1958 -2.27% -
1957 -2.45% -
1956 -0.39% -
1955 -3.57% -
1954 -2.87% -
1953 -3.01% -
1952 -7.21% -
1951 -11.5% -
1950 -12.7% -
1949 -10.4% -
1948 -7.65% -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 0.48% -
1938 1.78% -
1937 1.06% -
1936 0.95% -
1935 0.72% -
1934 0.88% -
1933 -2.79% -
1932 -1.78% -
1931 -4% -
1930 -2.23% -
1929 -18.7% -
1928 -0.27% -
1927 2.65% -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -8.96% -
1912 -7.43% -
1911 -4.61% -
1910 -1.53% -
1909 -2.64% -
1908 -1.54% -
1907 -1.23% -
1906 0.66% -
1905 0.91% -
1904 -0.04% -
1903 -0.22% -
1902 -1.67% -
1901 0.1% -
1900 0.41% -
1899 0.86% -
1898 -34.5% -
1897 -8.46% -
1896 0.82% -
1895 0.37% -
1894 2.91% -
1893 0.14% -
1892 -2.28% -
1891 -6.48% -
1890 -11.2% -
1889 -15.7% -
1888 -3.59% -
1887 -4.88% -
1886 -11.5% -
1885 -12.1% -
1884 -7.16% -
1883 -2.42% -
1882 -1.69% -
1881 -14.5% -
1880 -13.5% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/ivory-coast | CC BY

In 2025, Greece's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $3.53B, equivalent to 1.26% of GDP. This compares to Ivory Coast's deficit of $3B, or 3% of GDP.

Over the past 29 years, Greece recorded a fiscal deficit in 24 of those years, while Ivory Coast ran a deficit in 28 years. On average, Greece posted an annual deficit equal to 5.33% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.13% of GDP for Ivory Coast.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Greece

Ivory Coast
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Greece Ivory Coast
2025 2.48% 0.13%
2024 2.74% 3.45%
2023 3.46% 4.37%
2022 9.65% 5.23%
2021 1.22% 4.16%
2020 -1.25% 2.41%
2019 0.25% 0.79%
2018 0.63% 0.4%
2017 1.12% 0.69%
2016 -0.83% 0.72%
2015 -1.74% 1.25%
2014 -1.31% 0.45%
2013 -0.92% 2.58%
2012 1.5% 1.3%
2011 3.33% 4.91%
2010 4.71% 1.23%
2009 1.21% 1.02%
2008 4.15% 6.31%
2007 2.9% 1.89%
2006 3.2% 2.47%
2005 3.55% 3.89%
2004 2.9% 1.46%
2003 3.53% 3.3%
2002 3.63% 3.08%
2001 3.37% 4.36%
2000 3.15% 2.53%
1999 2.64% 0.7%
1998 4.77% 4.61%
1997 5.54% 4.02%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/ivory-coast | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Greece has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.4%, compared with 2.54% in Ivory Coast. In 2025, inflation was 2.48% in Greece and 0.13% in Ivory Coast.

Top exports between countries

Greece
Export category Export value
Metals $1.62M
Machinery & equipment $1.12M
Chemicals & pharma $626K
Textiles & consumer goods $316K
Animal & marine products $302K
Miscellaneous $294K
Raw materials & minerals $184K
Raw agricultural goods $63K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $29K
Wood & paper products $15K
Ivory Coast
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $76.5M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $5.86M
Raw agricultural goods $1.84M
Wood & paper products $1.05M
Metals $957K
Textiles & consumer goods $12K
Machinery & equipment $9K
Chemicals & pharma $7K

Balance of trade

Greece Ivory Coast
Current account balance
-$18.2B
2024
-$3.89B
2024
Current account balance ranking
183/190
2024
156/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-7.11%
2024
-4.47%
2024
Goods imports
$91.2B
2024
$15.3B
2024
Goods exports
$52.6B
2024
$20.8B
2024
Service imports
$31.1B
2024
$6.63B
2024
Service exports
$55.8B
2024
$1.22B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
44%
2025
24.8%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
39.5%
2025
29.8%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Greece Ivory Coast
Economic freedom 63.2 58.1
Economic freedom ranking 82/197 111/197
Property rights 78 43.9
Government integrity 54.8 39.3
Judicial effectiveness 68 30.2
Tax burden 59.9 81.6
Government spending 24.7 86.6
Fiscal health 78.9 48
Business freedom 77.8 68.3
Labor freedom 59.7 57.1
Monetary freedom 72.6 67.6
Trade freedom 79.4 74.4
Investment freedom 55 50
Financial freedom 50 50

Economic freedom comparison by year

Greece
Ivory Coast
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Greece Ivory Coast
2026 63.2 58.1
2025 60.6 57.8
2024 55.1 58.4
2023 56.9 60.4
2022 61.5 61.6
2021 60.9 61.7
2020 59.9 59.7
2019 57.7 62.4
2018 57.3 62
2017 55 63
2016 53.2 60
2015 54 58.5
2014 55.7 57.7
2013 55.4 54.1
2012 55.4 54.3
2011 60.3 55.4
2010 62.7 54.1
2009 60.8 55
2008 60.6 53.9
2007 58.7 54.9
2006 60.1 56.2
2005 59 56.6
2004 59.1 57.8
2003 58.8 56.7
2002 59.1 57.3
2001 63.4 54.8
2000 61 50.2
1999 61 51.7
1998 60.6 51.3
1997 59.6 50.5
1996 60.5 49.9
1995 61.2 53.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/ivory-coast | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Greece is 63.2, ranking 82/197, compared to 58.1 for Ivory Coast, ranking 111/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Greece Ivory Coast
Services, % of GDP
67.4%
2025
51.2%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
15.2%
2025
23.9%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.57%
2025
16.8%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$264B
2025
$91B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$44,310
2025
$7,750
2025
Total reserves including gold
$24B
2025
n/a
Total reserves ranking
63/177
2025
n/a
Net foreign direct investment
-$4.52B
2024
-$2.89B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$6.74B
2024
$3.12B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.22B
2024
$228M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
6.47%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
18.8%
2021
37.5%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17.2%
2025
19.3%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/ivory-coast | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.