Skip to content

Economy of Australia vs South Sudan compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Australia has a GDP of $1.75T compared to $12B for South Sudan, ranking 13/197 and 150/197 by economy size, respectively.

Australia has $873B in government debt (50.9% of GDP), compared to $6.87B (63.2% of GDP) in South Sudan.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Australia
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
South Sudan
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Australia South Sudan
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $18,607,682,977 $204,556,496,021 - -
1961 $19,684,003,149 $209,634,264,252 - -
1962 $19,923,683,188 $212,347,394,916 - -
1963 $21,540,963,447 $225,547,290,344 - -
1964 $23,801,123,808 $241,290,865,664 - -
1965 $25,977,284,156 $255,720,398,205 - -
1966 $27,308,964,369 $261,804,000,642 - -
1967 $30,442,724,871 $278,310,424,155 - -
1968 $32,714,085,234 $292,486,739,692 - -
1969 $36,684,485,870 $313,093,232,453 - -
1970 $41,334,726,614 $335,559,847,086 - -
1971 $45,217,767,235 $348,984,184,858 - -
1972 $52,042,056,075 $362,631,046,662 - -
1973 $63,833,440,102 $372,130,520,890 - -
1974 $88,965,364,775 $387,414,341,096 - -
1975 $97,304,383,449 $392,589,303,732 - -
1976 $105,060,616,985 $402,751,234,563 - -
1977 $110,352,144,987 $417,230,643,180 - -
1978 $118,492,761,338 $420,958,560,166 - -
1979 $134,900,602,067 $438,009,144,461 - -
1980 $149,987,743,733 $451,305,594,857 - -
1981 $176,895,390,688 $466,379,040,332 - -
1982 $194,041,708,044 $481,887,942,318 - -
1983 $177,267,290,706 $471,169,061,969 - -
1984 $193,525,337,526 $492,813,360,779 - -
1985 $180,643,265,927 $518,826,292,325 - -
1986 $182,481,113,598 $539,404,649,864 - -
1987 $189,495,764,955 $553,211,370,887 - -
1988 $236,161,314,544 $585,064,279,421 - -
1989 $299,875,906,679 $607,725,922,301 - -
1990 $311,426,665,220 $629,466,776,080 - -
1991 $325,975,319,456 $627,060,575,116 - -
1992 $325,525,379,567 $629,746,209,994 - -
1993 $312,133,923,553 $655,230,327,244 - -
1994 $322,806,641,301 $681,311,039,100 - -
1995 $368,166,023,166 $707,786,283,507 - -
1996 $401,341,880,621 $735,134,359,250 - -
1997 $435,642,611,297 $763,901,984,858 - -
1998 $399,674,421,759 $799,524,373,775 - -
1999 $389,652,212,057 $839,721,933,538 - -
2000 $416,167,815,093 $872,651,653,770 - -
2001 $379,629,301,675 $890,323,770,708 - -
2002 $395,788,696,012 $925,754,967,999 - -
2003 $467,739,079,790 $954,367,849,882 - -
2004 $614,659,980,083 $994,683,066,031 - -
2005 $695,692,898,677 $1,026,057,036,344 - -
2006 $748,417,562,770 $1,054,328,458,936 - -
2007 $855,007,458,585 $1,094,111,663,604 - -
2008 $1,056,112,427,190 $1,133,349,428,617 $14,586,253,383 $20,185,217,786
2009 $928,762,122,698 $1,154,798,699,180 $12,231,264,525 $21,202,884,179
2010 $1,148,838,233,481 $1,180,435,002,407 $14,602,072,411 $22,367,646,895
2011 $1,398,610,616,773 $1,208,849,019,422 $14,907,308,933 $21,329,717,233
2012 $1,547,532,281,116 $1,256,196,122,894 $11,931,472,169 $11,500,530,835
2013 $1,577,123,329,411 $1,288,884,775,424 $18,426,469,017 $13,010,519,614
2014 $1,468,265,356,428 $1,322,334,997,273 $13,962,212,847 $13,449,448,811
2015 $1,351,296,372,254 $1,351,296,372,254 $11,997,800,760 $11,997,800,760
2016 $1,206,836,962,282 $1,388,583,854,796 - -
2017 $1,325,582,658,157 $1,420,237,898,461 - -
2018 $1,427,809,041,019 $1,461,119,016,244 - -
2019 $1,392,723,834,563 $1,492,847,874,024 - -
2020 $1,328,414,058,378 $1,491,062,566,267 - -
2021 $1,556,735,770,437 $1,522,541,404,228 - -
2022 $1,690,858,246,994 $1,587,133,480,805 - -
2023 $1,728,057,316,696 $1,641,762,491,419 - -
2024 $1,752,193,307,380 $1,665,257,959,985 - -

Economic indicators

Australia South Sudan
Gross domestic product
$1.75T
2024
$12B
2015
GDP rank
13/197
2024
150/197
2015
GDP growth
1.4%
2023-2024
-14.1%
2014-2015
GDP per capita
$64,407
2024
$1,080
2015
GDP per capita rank
14/197
2024
172/197
2015
GDP per capita, PPP
$71,193
2024
$1,155
2015
Government debt
$873B
2024
$6.87B
2015
Debt-to-GDP ratio
50.9%
2025
63.2%
2025
Government debt per person
$32,093
2024
$618
2015
Government debt per person rank
22/185
2024
159/185
2015
Average annual personal income after taxes
$45,914
2025
$1,540
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$1.74T
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
1,936,114
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
47
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2020
33%
2016
Income share by poorest 10%
2.7%
2020
1.8%
2016
Government expenditure, % of GDP
38.8%
2025
26.7%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.16%
2023-2024
91.4%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
3.6%
2025
15%
2023
Unemployment rate
3.94%
2024
12.3%
2008
Population
27677455
12387398

GDP per capita in Australia vs South Sudan

Australia's GDP per capita is $64,407, ranking 14/197, compared to $1,080 in South Sudan, ranking 172/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Australia ranks 23rd at $71,193, while South Sudan ranks 196th at $1,155.

Australia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
South Sudan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Australia South Sudan
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $1,811 - - -
1961 $1,878 - - -
1962 $1,855 - - -
1963 $1,967 - - -
1964 $2,131 - - -
1965 $2,281 - - -
1966 $2,344 - - -
1967 $2,580 - - -
1968 $2,724 - - -
1969 $2,991 - - -
1970 $3,305 - - -
1971 $3,495 - - -
1972 $3,949 - - -
1973 $4,771 - - -
1974 $6,483 - - -
1975 $7,004 - - -
1976 $7,487 - - -
1977 $7,776 - - -
1978 $8,253 - - -
1979 $9,295 - - -
1980 $10,209 - - -
1981 $11,854 - - -
1982 $12,779 - - -
1983 $11,516 - - -
1984 $12,422 - - -
1985 $11,442 - - -
1986 $11,392 - - -
1987 $11,651 - - -
1988 $14,285 - - -
1989 $17,834 - - -
1990 $18,249 $17,381 - -
1991 $18,860 $17,836 - -
1992 $18,624 $18,254 - -
1993 $17,700 $19,216 - -
1994 $18,130 $20,171 - -
1995 $20,448 $21,039 - -
1996 $22,022 $22,132 - -
1997 $23,647 $23,125 - -
1998 $21,479 $24,378 - -
1999 $20,713 $25,485 - -
2000 $21,870 $26,542 - -
2001 $19,696 $27,646 - -
2002 $20,302 $29,032 - -
2003 $23,718 $30,122 - -
2004 $30,837 $31,764 - -
2005 $34,480 $33,037 - -
2006 $36,596 $34,847 - -
2007 $41,052 $36,654 - -
2008 $49,701 $37,533 $1,654 $2,887
2009 $42,817 $40,312 $1,323 $2,911
2010 $52,145 $39,373 $1,498 $2,948
2011 $62,606 $42,023 $1,449 $2,718
2012 $68,073 $42,863 $1,109 $1,417
2013 $68,191 $45,931 $1,650 $1,917
2014 $62,544 $46,904 $1,243 $1,373
2015 $56,739 $46,264 $1,080 $1,155
2016 $49,888 $47,260 - -
2017 $53,902 $48,371 - -
2018 $57,196 $50,184 - -
2019 $54,973 $52,673 - -
2020 $51,792 $53,984 - -
2021 $60,608 $58,182 - -
2022 $64,997 $65,872 - -
2023 $64,836 $70,513 - -
2024 $64,407 $71,193 - -

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Australia's government spending was $672B, accounting for 38.8% of its GDP, while South Sudan's spent $3.98B, or 26.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 50.9% in Australia and 63.2% in South Sudan, ranking 108/185 and 72/185, respectively.

Australia
Government spending

Government debt
South Sudan
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Australia South Sudan
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 21.8% 48.2% - -
1961 23.3% 49.3% - -
1962 22.7% 50.2% - -
1963 23% 47.5% - -
1964 23.5% 44.9% - -
1965 25.8% 43.7% - -
1966 25.6% 42.4% - -
1967 26.4% 40.5% - -
1968 25.3% 39.4% - -
1969 24.7% 36.7% - -
1970 25.3% 34.9% - -
1971 26.1% 32.2% - -
1972 27% 30.7% - -
1973 26.6% 27.3% - -
1974 30.9% 22.3% - -
1975 33% 23.6% - -
1976 33.3% 22.9% - -
1977 34.1% 23.6% - -
1978 33.2% 24.7% - -
1979 32.5% 22.8% - -
1980 33.2% 21.2% - -
1981 33.4% 19.1% - -
1982 36.7% 16.8% - -
1983 37% 21% - -
1984 38.4% 22.3% - -
1985 38.7% 24% - -
1986 38.4% 25.5% - -
1987 36% 25.2% - -
1988 34.6% 20.5% - -
1989 34.5% 17% - -
1990 30.5% 16.4% - -
1991 33.1% 21.6% - -
1992 34.1% 27.6% - -
1993 34.1% 30.7% - -
1994 33.7% 31.7% - -
1995 33.7% 31.1% - -
1996 33.5% 29.3% - -
1997 32.8% 25.9% - -
1998 34.6% 23.7% - -
1999 36.2% 22.5% - -
2000 35.2% 19.5% - -
2001 35.6% 17.1% - -
2002 34.9% 15% - -
2003 34.9% 13.2% - -
2004 34.8% 11.9% - -
2005 34.6% 10.9% - -
2006 34.5% 9.94% - -
2007 34.3% 9.67% - -
2008 35.1% 11.7% - -
2009 37.8% 16.6% - -
2010 37% 20.3% - -
2011 36.3% 24% 20.8% -
2012 36.5% 27.5% 31.6% 8.91%
2013 36.4% 30.5% 25.3% 17.6%
2014 36.7% 34% 36.2% 38.1%
2015 37.3% 37.7% 33.2% 57.2%
2016 37.3% 40.6% 60.8% 150.5%
2017 36.8% 41.2% 88.6% 163%
2018 36.9% 41.8% 56.4% 80.3%
2019 38.9% 46.7% 47.1% 43.1%
2020 44.4% 57.1% 33.5% 49%
2021 41.8% 55.5% 44.1% 51.1%
2022 37.5% 50.2% 29.7% 39.1%
2023 37.2% 49% 23.5% 49.7%
2024 38.3% 49.8% 20.3% 54.3%
2025 38.8% 50.9% 26.7% 63.2%

Government deficit by year

In 2015, Australia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$37.7B, equivalent to -2.79% of GDP. This compares to South Sudan's deficit of -$1.92B, or -16% of GDP.

Over the past 5 years, Australia recorded a fiscal deficit in 5 of those years, while South Sudan ran a deficit in 4 years. On average, Australia posted an annual deficit equal to -3.31% of GDP, compared to deficit of -7.78% of GDP for South Sudan.

Deficit/surplus
Australia

South Sudan
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Australia South Sudan
1901 1.46% -
1902 0.16% -
1903 -0.02% -
1904 -0.13% -
1905 0.11% -
1906 0.23% -
1907 0.41% -
1908 -0.15% -
1909 0.37% -
1910 0.39% -
1911 0.39% -
1912 0.12% -
1913 0% -
1914 -0.29% -
1915 -1.11% -
1916 -3.47% -
1917 -4.99% -
1918 -4.36% -
1919 -4.8% -
1920 -2.43% -
1921 -2% -
1922 -0.94% -
1923 -0.33% -
1924 -0.5% -
1925 -0.26% -
1926 -0.31% -
1927 -0.5% -
1928 -0.69% -
1929 -0.53% -
1930 -1% -
1931 -0.8% -
1932 0.02% -
1933 0.28% -
1934 0.28% -
1935 0.24% -
1936 0.17% -
1937 0.28% -
1938 0.24% -
1939 0.77% -
1940 0.51% -
1941 -2.14% -
1942 -5.17% -
1943 -12.4% -
1944 -11.8% -
1945 -8.87% -
1946 -4.09% -
1947 -0.45% -
1948 2% -
1949 0.72% -
1950 4.29% -
1951 1.85% -
1952 -0.44% -
1953 -0.86% -
1954 -0.27% -
1955 0.08% -
1956 1% -
1957 -0.33% -
1958 -0.25% -
1959 0.06% -
1960 0.47% -
1961 -0.78% -
1962 -0.38% -
1963 -0.26% -
1964 0.19% -
1965 -1.46% -
1966 -1.77% -
1967 -1.65% -
1968 -0.7% -
1969 0.53% -
1970 -0.23% -
1971 -0.23% -
1972 -0.97% -
1973 0.16% -
1974 -2.46% -
1975 -3.47% -
1976 -3.44% -
1977 -4.39% -
1978 -4.19% -
1979 -2.32% -
1980 -2.87% -
1981 -3.25% -
1982 -5.19% -
1983 -5.66% -
1984 -5.48% -
1985 -5.24% -
1986 -3.5% -
1987 -1.66% -
1988 -0.77% -
1989 -1.29% -
1990 -0.23% -
1991 -2.79% -
1992 -4.74% -
1993 -4.73% -
1994 -3.79% -
1995 -2.6% -
1996 -1.46% -
1997 -0.49% -
1998 -0.25% -
1999 0.67% -
2000 1.25% -
2001 -0.03% -
2002 0.19% -
2003 1.05% -
2004 1.32% -
2005 1.71% -
2006 1.77% -
2007 1.47% -
2008 -1.1% -
2009 -4.56% -
2010 -5.12% -
2011 -4.53% 4.57%
2012 -3.51% -14.8%
2013 -2.81% -3.45%
2014 -2.92% -9.18%
2015 -2.79% -16%
2016 -2.42% -18.1%
2017 -1.72% 8.74%
2018 -1.26% -1.1%
2019 -4.41% 0.84%
2020 -8.73% -4.93%
2021 -6.36% -9.3%
2022 -2.18% 2.05%
2023 -0.92% 7.85%
2024 -2.16% 3.86%
2025 -2.58% 2%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 16 years, Australia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.63%, compared with 63.7% in South Sudan. In 2024, inflation was 3.16% in Australia and 91.4% in South Sudan.

Inflation
Australia

South Sudan
Year Inflation
Australia South Sudan Australia South Sudan
1996 2.62% -
1997 0.22% -
1998 0.86% -
1999 1.48% -
2000 4.46% -
2001 4.41% -
2002 2.98% -
2003 2.73% -
2004 2.34% -
2005 2.69% -
2006 3.56% -
2007 2.33% -
2008 4.35% -
2009 1.77% 5.01%
2010 2.92% 1.17%
2011 3.3% 46.9%
2012 1.76% 45.5%
2013 2.45% -0.06%
2014 2.49% 1.67%
2015 1.51% 52.8%
2016 1.28% 380%
2017 1.95% 187.9%
2018 1.91% 83.5%
2019 1.61% 87.2%
2020 0.85% 29.7%
2021 2.86% 10.5%
2022 6.59% -6.69%
2023 5.6% 2.38%
2024 3.16% 91.4%

Top exports between countries

Australia
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $285K
Machinery & equipment $104K
Metals $38K
Wood & paper products $7K
Chemicals & pharma $5K
Raw agricultural goods $4K
Miscellaneous $3K
South Sudan
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $3K
Chemicals & pharma $2K

Balance of trade

Australia South Sudan
Current account balance
-$36.3B
2024
$578M
2023
Current account balance ranking
186/189
2024
58/189
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.07%
2024
-4.17%
2015
Goods imports
$297B
2024
$2.25B
2023
Goods exports
$341B
2024
$4.01B
2023
Service imports
$110B
2024
$2.19B
2023
Service exports
$83.9B
2024
$484M
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
22.6%
2024
28.9%
2015
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
24.7%
2024
36.7%
2015

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Australia South Sudan
Economic freedom 79.3 41
Economic freedom ranking 7/197 186/197
Property rights 90.4 n/a
Government integrity 86.2 n/a
Judicial effectiveness 95.3 n/a
Tax burden 62.1 n/a
Government spending 54.8 n/a
Fiscal health 79.5 n/a
Business freedom 92.5 n/a
Labor freedom 65.3 n/a
Monetary freedom 75 n/a
Trade freedom 90 n/a
Investment freedom 80 n/a
Financial freedom 80 n/a

More economic indicators

Australia South Sudan
Services, % of GDP
65.5%
2024
56.6%
2015
Industry, % of GDP
26%
2024
33.1%
2015
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2.22%
2024
10.4%
2015
GNI, Atlas method
$1.7T
2024
$11.7B
2015
GNI per capita, PPP
$68,800
2024
$1,010
2015
Total reserves including gold
$60.4B
2024
$72.9M
2023
Total reserves ranking
39/177
2024
175/177
2023
Net foreign direct investment
-$39.4B
2024
$2.21M
2019
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$54.2B
2024
$83.4M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$14.8B
2024
$42M
2017
Poverty at national poverty lines n/a
66%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.4%
2024
5.75%
2015

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Economy comparisons

Economy vs Australia vs South Sudan
Afghanistan Compare Compare
Albania Compare Compare
Algeria Compare Compare
Andorra Compare Compare
Angola Compare Compare
Antigua Compare Compare
Argentina Compare Compare
Armenia Compare Compare
Austria Compare Compare
Azerbaijan Compare Compare
Bahamas Compare Compare
Bahrain Compare Compare
Bangladesh Compare Compare
Barbados Compare Compare
Belarus Compare Compare
Belgium Compare Compare
Belize Compare Compare
Benin Compare Compare
Bhutan Compare Compare
Bolivia Compare Compare
Bosnia Compare Compare
Botswana Compare Compare
Brazil Compare Compare
Brunei Compare Compare
Bulgaria Compare Compare
Burkina Faso Compare Compare
Burundi Compare Compare
Cambodia Compare Compare
Cameroon Compare Compare
Canada Compare Compare
Cape Verde Compare Compare
Cayman Islands Compare Compare
CAR Compare Compare
Chad Compare Compare
Chile Compare Compare
China Compare Compare
Colombia Compare Compare
Comoros Compare Compare
Congo Compare Compare
Costa Rica Compare Compare
Croatia Compare Compare
Cuba Compare Compare
Curacao Compare Compare
Cyprus Compare Compare
Czech Republic Compare Compare
DR Congo Compare Compare
Denmark Compare Compare
Djibouti Compare Compare
Dominica Compare Compare
Dominican Republic Compare Compare
East Timor Compare Compare
Ecuador Compare Compare
Egypt Compare Compare
El Salvador Compare Compare
Equatorial Guinea Compare Compare
Eritrea Compare Compare
Estonia Compare Compare
Eswatini Compare Compare
Ethiopia Compare Compare
Fiji Compare Compare
Finland Compare Compare
France Compare Compare
Gabon Compare Compare
Gambia Compare Compare
Georgia Compare Compare
Germany Compare Compare
Ghana Compare Compare
Greece Compare Compare
Grenada Compare Compare
Guatemala Compare Compare
Guinea Compare Compare
Guinea-Bissau Compare Compare
Guyana Compare Compare
Haiti Compare Compare
Honduras Compare Compare
Hungary Compare Compare
Iceland Compare Compare
India Compare Compare
Indonesia Compare Compare
Iran Compare Compare
Iraq Compare Compare
Ireland Compare Compare
Israel Compare Compare
Italy Compare Compare
Ivory Coast Compare Compare
Jamaica Compare Compare
Japan Compare Compare
Jordan Compare Compare
Kazakhstan Compare Compare
Kenya Compare Compare
Kiribati Compare Compare
Kuwait Compare Compare
Kyrgyzstan Compare Compare
Laos Compare Compare
Latvia Compare Compare
Lebanon Compare Compare
Lesotho Compare Compare
Liberia Compare Compare
Libya Compare Compare
Liechtenstein Compare Compare
Lithuania Compare Compare
Luxembourg Compare Compare
Madagascar Compare Compare
Malawi Compare Compare
Malaysia Compare Compare
Maldives Compare Compare
Mali Compare Compare
Malta Compare Compare
Marshall Islands Compare Compare
Mauritania Compare Compare
Mauritius Compare Compare
Mexico Compare Compare
Moldova Compare Compare
Monaco Compare Compare
Mongolia Compare Compare
Montenegro Compare Compare
Morocco Compare Compare
Mozambique Compare Compare
Myanmar Compare Compare
Namibia Compare Compare
Nauru Compare Compare
Nepal Compare Compare
Netherlands Compare Compare
New Zealand Compare Compare
Nicaragua Compare Compare
Niger Compare Compare
Nigeria Compare Compare
North Korea Compare Compare
North Macedonia Compare Compare
Norway Compare Compare
Oman Compare Compare
Pakistan Compare Compare
Palau Compare Compare
Palestine Compare Compare
Panama Compare Compare
Papua New Guinea Compare Compare
Paraguay Compare Compare
Peru Compare Compare
Philippines Compare Compare
Poland Compare Compare
Portugal Compare Compare
Qatar Compare Compare
Romania Compare Compare
Russia Compare Compare
Rwanda Compare Compare
Saint Kitts Compare Compare
Saint Lucia Compare Compare
Saint Vincent Compare Compare
Samoa Compare Compare
San Marino Compare Compare
Sao Tome Compare Compare
Saudi Arabia Compare Compare
Senegal Compare Compare
Serbia Compare Compare
Seychelles Compare Compare
Sierra Leone Compare Compare
Singapore Compare Compare
Slovakia Compare Compare
Slovenia Compare Compare
Solomon Islands Compare Compare
Somalia Compare Compare
South Africa Compare Compare
South Korea Compare Compare
Spain Compare Compare
Sri Lanka Compare Compare
Sudan Compare Compare
Suriname Compare Compare
Sweden Compare Compare
Switzerland Compare Compare
Syria Compare Compare
Taiwan Compare Compare
Tajikistan Compare Compare
Tanzania Compare Compare
Thailand Compare Compare
Togo Compare Compare
Tonga Compare Compare
Trinidad Compare Compare
Tunisia Compare Compare
Turkey Compare Compare
Turkmenistan Compare Compare
Tuvalu Compare Compare
Uganda Compare Compare
Ukraine Compare Compare
UAE Compare Compare
United Kingdom Compare Compare
United States Compare Compare
Uruguay Compare Compare
Uzbekistan Compare Compare
Vanuatu Compare Compare
Vatican Compare Compare
Venezuela Compare Compare
Vietnam Compare Compare
Yemen Compare Compare
Zambia Compare Compare
Zimbabwe Compare Compare

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.