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Economy of Albania vs Romania compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Albania has a GDP of $27.2B compared to $383B for Romania, ranking 112/197 and 43/197 by economy size, respectively.

Albania has $15.1B in government debt (54.3% of GDP), compared to $219B (61.6% of GDP) in Romania.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Albania
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Romania
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Albania Romania
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1980 $1,578,102,105 $4,872,357,833 - -
1981 $1,808,177,156 $5,152,305,745 - -
1982 $1,861,163,170 $5,304,226,467 - -
1983 $1,881,412,587 $5,362,834,895 - -
1984 $1,857,337,995 $5,295,713,833 - -
1985 $1,897,050,117 $5,390,011,642 - -
1986 $2,097,326,250 $5,693,859,705 - -
1987 $2,080,796,250 $5,649,001,050 $38,067,567,568 -
1988 $2,051,236,250 $5,568,782,995 $40,424,528,302 -
1989 $2,253,090,000 $6,116,559,061 $41,450,777,202 -
1990 $2,028,553,750 $5,530,859,375 $38,247,882,300 $116,460,149,705
1991 $1,099,559,028 $3,982,100,298 $28,850,634,900 $101,415,582,149
1992 $652,174,991 $3,695,902,333 $25,121,666,667 $92,524,246,376
1993 $1,185,315,468 $4,049,208,852 $26,361,160,450 $93,938,788,973
1994 $1,880,950,864 $4,385,409,261 $30,072,805,104 $97,632,408,356
1995 $2,905,092,799 $4,969,648,101 $37,430,162,103 $103,718,335,743
1996 $3,234,486,232 $5,334,237,833 $36,937,074,278 $107,771,339,314
1997 $2,293,666,030 $4,709,514,660 $35,575,214,078 $102,545,439,457
1998 $2,600,356,999 $5,100,876,515 $41,696,091,974 $100,463,958,893
1999 $3,283,941,510 $5,725,771,033 $35,953,156,754 $100,085,550,636
2000 $3,584,570,165 $6,153,077,236 $37,253,739,511 $102,548,872,692
2001 $4,059,064,033 $6,698,469,429 $40,395,116,581 $107,900,062,083
2002 $4,515,003,117 $7,008,501,112 $46,065,502,703 $114,053,593,614
2003 $5,801,712,040 $7,382,282,997 $57,806,384,143 $116,723,756,275
2004 $7,406,645,793 $7,771,053,342 $74,973,656,852 $128,895,841,499
2005 $8,256,658,250 $8,169,772,251 $98,454,380,120 $134,912,890,211
2006 $9,150,528,132 $8,661,509,310 $122,023,735,993 $145,744,791,283
2007 $11,116,937,870 $9,224,515,437 $174,588,782,939 $156,287,689,281
2008 $13,258,506,375 $9,861,658,465 $214,315,932,061 $170,834,114,653
2009 $12,335,540,656 $10,127,011,191 $174,110,532,659 $161,409,698,529
2010 $12,086,545,641 $10,428,102,872 $170,064,350,672 $155,105,339,844
2011 $12,973,755,875 $10,685,000,943 $192,623,977,894 $162,078,238,595
2012 $12,246,499,748 $10,790,155,230 $179,117,323,107 $165,163,587,446
2013 $12,796,985,886 $10,974,367,815 $189,798,603,751 $165,624,017,080
2014 $13,296,322,588 $11,220,218,561 $199,722,319,676 $172,441,103,432
2015 $11,470,171,827 $11,470,171,827 $177,885,131,240 $177,885,131,240
2016 $11,988,668,785 $11,918,533,447 $185,290,759,249 $182,972,525,962
2017 $13,258,268,436 $12,309,839,869 $210,147,385,855 $197,967,999,561
2018 $15,379,508,330 $12,761,785,703 $243,468,683,030 $210,085,482,251
2019 $15,585,111,614 $13,025,007,475 $251,677,082,534 $218,327,690,029
2020 $15,241,455,556 $12,593,390,460 $252,033,792,712 $210,305,491,426
2021 $18,032,009,220 $13,722,964,212 $286,578,196,368 $221,968,423,308
2022 $19,017,244,117 $14,385,329,994 $296,354,358,293 $230,770,154,207
2023 $23,547,180,412 $14,951,625,324 $350,775,856,415 $236,318,495,899
2024 $27,177,735,528 $15,543,966,722 $382,767,571,329 $238,241,389,260

Economic indicators

Albania Romania
Gross domestic product
$27.2B
2024
$383B
2024
GDP rank
112/197
2024
43/197
2024
GDP growth
15.4%
2023-2024
9.12%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$10,012
2024
$20,072
2024
GDP per capita rank
86/197
2024
58/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$23,488
2024
$48,712
2024
Government debt
$15.1B
2024
$219B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
54.3%
2025
61.6%
2025
Government debt per person
$5,572
2024
$11,490
2024
Government debt per person rank
76/185
2024
49/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$8,376
2025
$13,200
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$47.4B
2024
Number of billionaires
1
2025
6
2025
Income share by richest 10%
22.8%
2020
21.8%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.4%
2020
2.4%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
30.5%
2025
39.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.3%
2024-2025
7.3%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
2.5%
2025
6.5%
2024
Unemployment rate
10.7%
2023
5.43%
2024
Population
2694925
18962595

GDP per capita in Albania vs Romania

Albania's GDP per capita is $10,012, ranking 86/197, compared to $20,072 in Romania, ranking 58/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Albania ranks 83rd at $23,488, while Romania ranks 46th at $48,712.

Albania
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Romania
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Albania Romania
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1980 $591 - - -
1981 $663 - - -
1982 $668 - - -
1983 $662 - - -
1984 $639 - - -
1985 $640 - - -
1986 $694 - - -
1987 $675 - $1,659 -
1988 $653 - $1,753 -
1989 $698 - $1,790 -
1990 $617 $2,655 $1,648 $5,277
1991 $337 $1,988 $1,254 $4,792
1992 $200.9 $1,899 $1,102 $4,512
1993 $367 $2,143 $1,158 $4,696
1994 $586 $2,385 $1,323 $4,992
1995 $911 $2,776 $1,650 $5,425
1996 $1,021 $3,053 $1,633 $5,744
1997 $729 $2,759 $1,577 $5,563
1998 $831 $3,086 $1,853 $5,544
1999 $1,056 $3,549 $1,600 $5,596
2000 $1,160 $3,977 $1,660 $5,849
2001 $1,326 $4,451 $1,825 $6,521
2002 $1,480 $4,840 $2,120 $7,162
2003 $1,909 $5,170 $2,679 $7,560
2004 $2,447 $5,596 $3,495 $8,991
2005 $2,742 $6,014 $4,618 $9,602
2006 $3,058 $6,754 $5,758 $11,557
2007 $3,743 $7,585 $8,360 $13,703
2008 $4,499 $8,469 $10,435 $16,782
2009 $4,214 $9,026 $8,548 $16,632
2010 $4,149 $9,756 $8,400 $17,357
2011 $4,466 $10,273 $9,561 $18,804
2012 $4,222 $10,464 $8,930 $19,807
2013 $4,420 $10,588 $9,498 $19,678
2014 $4,602 $11,317 $10,032 $20,633
2015 $3,982 $11,747 $8,977 $21,630
2016 $4,168 $12,208 $9,405 $23,905
2017 $4,614 $13,005 $10,728 $26,943
2018 $5,365 $13,697 $12,502 $29,586
2019 $5,460 $14,792 $12,992 $33,638
2020 $5,371 $14,512 $13,082 $34,386
2021 $6,413 $16,128 $14,987 $37,733
2022 $6,846 $19,446 $15,558 $42,218
2023 $8,575 $21,263 $18,404 $45,777
2024 $10,012 $23,488 $20,072 $48,712

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Albania's government spending was $7.75B, accounting for 30.5% of its GDP, while Romania's spent $152B, or 39.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 54.3% in Albania and 61.6% in Romania, ranking 99/185 and 74/185, respectively.

Albania
Government spending

Government debt
Romania
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Albania Romania
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1962 - - 43.4% -
1963 - - 23.1% -
1964 - - 25.1% -
1965 - - 25.6% -
1966 - - 27.3% -
1967 - - 30.6% -
1968 - - 31.8% -
1969 - - 32.1% -
1970 - - 28.1% -
1971 - - 27.2% -
1972 - - 29.9% -
1973 - - 32.6% -
1974 - - 37.6% -
1975 - - 40.6% -
1976 - - 37.5% -
1977 - - 39.9% -
1978 - - 42.1% -
1979 - - 42% -
1980 - - 33.6% -
1981 - - 30.4% -
1982 - - 28.5% -
1983 - - 25.8% -
1984 - - 28.6% -
1985 - - 41.6% -
1986 - - 42.5% -
1987 - - 40.7% -
1988 - - 36.6% -
1989 - - 40.1% -
1990 - - 38.4% -
1991 - - 38.3% -
1992 - - 41.5% -
1993 - - 33.5% -
1994 - - 33.1% -
1995 - - 34.4% 6.91%
1996 - - 33.5% 11%
1997 29.9% 71.3% 33.5% 15%
1998 36.3% 70.3% 34.7% 16.5%
1999 36.7% 67.4% 35.1% 21.7%
2000 33.4% 63% 35% 29.6%
2001 32.3% 59.9% 33.2% 27.4%
2002 31.2% 63.3% 32.1% 27.4%
2003 29.3% 59.5% 31.8% 24.9%
2004 29.8% 56.8% 33.7% 21.3%
2005 28.6% 57.5% 32.3% 17.8%
2006 28.8% 56% 33.9% 12.7%
2007 29% 52.9% 34.6% 12.4%
2008 31.4% 54.5% 35.3% 13%
2009 32.3% 59% 36.3% 22.5%
2010 29% 57% 37.4% 30.2%
2011 28.6% 58.7% 35% 32.6%
2012 27.9% 61.4% 33.5% 36.2%
2013 28.8% 69.6% 34.2% 39.3%
2014 31.4% 71.1% 33.8% 40.5%
2015 30.4% 72.8% 34.2% 39.4%
2016 28.8% 72.5% 31.8% 39.5%
2017 28.8% 71% 31% 37.1%
2018 28.7% 68.7% 31.7% 36.2%
2019 28.8% 66.6% 33.2% 36.5%
2020 32.4% 75.4% 38.1% 49.3%
2021 31.9% 74.8% 37% 51.5%
2022 30.3% 65.2% 37.4% 51.7%
2023 28.5% 58.4% 36.6% 52.1%
2024 28.5% 55.7% 39.8% 57.2%
2025 30.5% 54.3% 39.2% 61.6%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Albania's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$122M, equivalent to -0.45% of GDP. This compares to Romania's deficit of -$33.1B, or -8.65% of GDP.

Over the past 28 years, Albania recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while Romania ran a deficit in 28 years. On average, Albania posted an annual deficit equal to -4.65% of GDP, compared to deficit of -4.05% of GDP for Romania.

Deficit/surplus
Albania

Romania
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Albania Romania
1962 - -4.86%
1963 - -1.61%
1964 - -3.11%
1965 - -1.29%
1966 - 0.91%
1967 - 1.23%
1968 - 1.65%
1969 - 0.93%
1970 - 0.52%
1971 - 0.89%
1972 - 1.21%
1973 - 1.53%
1974 - 0.51%
1975 - 0.41%
1976 - 0.66%
1977 - 0.23%
1978 - 0%
1979 - 0%
1980 - -1.95%
1981 - 0.61%
1982 - 0.36%
1983 - 9.35%
1984 - 15.2%
1985 - 6.36%
1986 - 5.72%
1987 - 2.37%
1988 - 8.4%
1989 - -2.87%
1990 - 1.03%
1991 - 3.23%
1992 - -4.55%
1993 - -0.35%
1994 - -2.2%
1995 - -3.32%
1996 - -4.74%
1997 -11.8% -5.19%
1998 -9.81% -5.33%
1999 -8.74% -3.58%
2000 -7.68% -3.99%
2001 -6.76% -3.2%
2002 -6.14% -2.59%
2003 -4.95% -2.29%
2004 -5.1% -3.39%
2005 -3.42% -0.69%
2006 -3.22% -1.36%
2007 -3.14% -3.05%
2008 -4.83% -4.6%
2009 -6.51% -6.86%
2010 -3.48% -6.22%
2011 -3.47% -4.14%
2012 -3.4% -2.39%
2013 -5.15% -2.44%
2014 -5.39% -1.76%
2015 -4.27% -1.35%
2016 -1.48% -2.5%
2017 -1.39% -2.86%
2018 -1.6% -2.74%
2019 -1.92% -4.55%
2020 -6.67% -9.54%
2021 -4.57% -6.7%
2022 -3.64% -5.83%
2023 -1.32% -5.61%
2024 -0.45% -8.65%
2025 -2.54% -7.83%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 30 years, Albania has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.48%, compared with 17.8% in Romania. In 2025, inflation was 2.3% in Albania and 7.3% in Romania.

Inflation
Albania

Romania
Year Inflation
Albania Romania Albania Romania
1996 12.7% 38.8%
1997 33.2% 154.8%
1998 20.6% 59.1%
1999 0.4% 45.8%
2000 0% 45.7%
2001 3.1% 34.5%
2002 5.2% 22.5%
2003 2.4% 15.4%
2004 2.9% 11.9%
2005 2.4% 9%
2006 2.4% 6.6%
2007 3% 4.8%
2008 3.3% 7.8%
2009 2.2% 5.6%
2010 3.6% 6.1%
2011 3.4% 5.8%
2012 2% 3.3%
2013 1.9% 4%
2014 1.6% 1.1%
2015 1.9% -0.6%
2016 1.3% -1.6%
2017 2% 1.3%
2018 2% 4.6%
2019 1.4% 3.8%
2020 1.6% 2.6%
2021 2% 5%
2022 6.7% 13.8%
2023 4.8% 10.4%
2024 2.2% 5.6%
2025 2.3% 7.3%

Top exports between countries

Albania
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $13.9M
Metals $13.2M
Transport & tourism services $6.42M
Raw agricultural goods $5.62M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.88M
Weapons & explosives $1.48M
Business & finance services $1.42M
Chemicals & pharma $917K
Raw materials & minerals $795K
Machinery & equipment $792K
Romania
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $22.1M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $21.6M
Raw materials & minerals $18.4M
Animal & marine products $17.4M
Machinery & equipment $13.5M
Textiles & consumer goods $8.12M
Wood & paper products $4.52M
Miscellaneous $2.8M
Metals $865K
Raw agricultural goods $127K

Balance of trade

Albania Romania
Current account balance
-$646M
2024
-$32B
2024
Current account balance ranking
109/189
2024
184/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.38%
2024
-8.36%
2024
Goods imports
$7.87B
2024
$129B
2024
Goods exports
$1.82B
2024
$93.3B
2024
Service imports
$3.83B
2024
$30.6B
2024
Service exports
$8.03B
2024
$42.9B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
43%
2024
41.7%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
36.1%
2024
35.6%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Albania Romania
Economic freedom 66.6 66.5
Economic freedom ranking 55/197 57/197
Property rights 58.3 81.7
Government integrity 39.6 49.1
Judicial effectiveness 59.2 67
Tax burden 88.8 93.7
Government spending 71.9 59.1
Fiscal health 76.4 36.1
Business freedom 74.2 75.1
Labor freedom 51.3 67.8
Monetary freedom 75.8 69.2
Trade freedom 83.4 79.6
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 60 50

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Albania is 66.6, ranking 55/197, compared to 66.5 for Romania, ranking 57/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Albania
Romania
Year Economic freedom index
Albania Romania
1995 49.7 42.9
1996 53.8 46.2
1997 54.8 50.8
1998 53.9 54.4
1999 53.4 50.1
2000 53.6 52.1
2001 56.6 50
2002 56.8 48.7
2003 56.8 50.6
2004 58.5 50
2005 57.8 52.1
2006 60.3 58.2
2007 61.4 61.2
2008 62.4 61.7
2009 63.7 63.2
2010 66 64.2
2011 64 64.7
2012 65.1 64.4
2013 65.2 65.1
2014 66.9 65.5
2015 65.7 66.6
2016 65.9 65.6
2017 64.4 69.7
2018 64.5 69.4
2019 66.5 68.6
2020 66.9 69.7
2021 65.2 69.5
2022 66.6 67.1
2023 65.3 64.5
2024 64.8 64.4
2025 66.6 66.5

More economic indicators

Albania Romania
Services, % of GDP
48.9%
2024
62.5%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
22.4%
2024
25%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
15.5%
2024
3.28%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$23.6B
2024
$336B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$23,310
2024
$47,420
2024
Total reserves including gold
$6.52B
2024
$73.4B
2024
Total reserves ranking
89/177
2024
35/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.45B
2024
-$6.21B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.71B
2024
$7.35B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$261M
2024
$1.15B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.65%
2023
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
19.7%
2022
19%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.9%
2023
24.3%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.