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Economy of Iceland vs Uzbekistan compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Iceland has a GDP of $33.5B compared to $115B for Uzbekistan, ranking 108/197 and 66/197 by economy size, respectively.

Iceland has $19.8B in government debt (52.9% of GDP), compared to $37.5B (33% of GDP) in Uzbekistan.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Iceland
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Uzbekistan
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Iceland Uzbekistan
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $252,169,712 $2,370,633,619 - -
1961 $257,703,245 $2,368,874,988 - -
1962 $289,200,704 $2,565,841,580 - -
1963 $345,175,036 $2,829,636,122 - -
1964 $440,797,869 $3,109,258,337 - -
1965 $531,569,564 $3,336,121,643 - -
1966 $638,349,755 $3,628,054,270 - -
1967 $630,567,116 $3,582,329,882 - -
1968 $481,532,848 $3,385,363,291 - -
1969 $420,945,148 $3,466,260,284 - -
1970 $526,704,545 $3,724,778,935 - -
1971 $670,251,136 $4,211,266,267 - -
1972 $839,652,164 $4,471,410,267 - -
1973 $1,154,440,253 $4,775,734,886 - -
1974 $1,515,190,595 $5,048,252,272 - -
1975 $1,406,875,081 $5,080,871,813 - -
1976 $1,669,488,390 $5,383,659,634 - -
1977 $2,208,509,076 $5,858,621,017 - -
1978 $2,511,826,196 $6,211,117,520 - -
1979 $2,853,435,054 $6,513,014,004 - -
1980 $3,381,419,251 $6,887,376,883 - -
1981 $3,492,997,010 $7,181,123,997 - -
1982 $3,206,626,645 $7,335,846,073 - -
1983 $2,765,950,336 $7,178,040,161 - -
1984 $2,864,441,387 $7,474,429,927 - -
1985 $2,984,052,357 $7,720,551,044 - -
1986 $3,989,622,739 $8,204,671,437 - -
1987 $5,520,318,405 $8,905,837,716 $8,523,160,593 $28,089,418,035
1988 $6,106,635,816 $8,897,846,863 $10,722,799,639 $30,656,392,613
1989 $5,672,569,449 $8,920,842,447 $11,948,815,258 $31,604,071,830
1990 $6,468,736,356 $9,025,160,130 $13,362,340,338 $32,109,736,981
1991 $6,909,730,288 $9,004,986,592 $13,800,167,712 $31,951,757,074
1992 $7,080,981,738 $8,701,167,877 $12,953,801,760 $28,373,160,282
1993 $6,218,581,532 $8,815,453,321 $13,099,920,056 $27,720,577,595
1994 $6,389,460,343 $9,133,590,508 $12,899,074,922 $26,279,107,562
1995 $7,123,633,418 $9,144,238,786 $13,350,461,265 $26,042,595,592
1996 $7,426,082,271 $9,561,867,469 $13,948,892,216 $26,485,319,718
1997 $7,569,672,925 $10,113,741,401 $14,744,603,774 $27,862,556,343
1998 $8,503,746,468 $10,858,455,907 $14,988,971,211 $29,060,646,266
1999 $8,982,047,589 $11,296,586,996 $17,078,465,982 $30,310,254,055
2000 $9,025,660,362 $11,859,726,688 $13,760,513,969 $31,472,652,299
2001 $8,234,846,805 $12,335,716,527 $11,401,421,329 $32,783,122,633
2002 $9,318,395,055 $12,404,737,217 $9,687,788,513 $34,085,756,140
2003 $11,429,333,038 $12,670,532,079 $10,134,453,435 $35,528,479,188
2004 $13,825,302,536 $13,659,137,605 $12,030,023,548 $38,174,995,818
2005 $16,852,963,067 $14,495,683,163 $14,307,509,839 $40,828,160,774
2006 $17,465,318,552 $15,411,374,457 $17,330,833,853 $43,870,437,889
2007 $21,652,505,597 $16,714,384,607 $22,311,393,928 $48,026,286,798
2008 $18,074,622,987 $17,083,688,336 $29,549,438,884 $52,362,657,564
2009 $13,154,414,219 $15,774,427,003 $33,689,223,673 $56,578,340,213
2010 $13,751,161,918 $15,327,572,990 $49,765,676,402 $60,876,691,748
2011 $15,221,622,926 $15,610,486,136 $60,178,909,297 $65,457,747,965
2012 $14,751,508,134 $15,776,524,980 $67,517,349,212 $70,106,848,439
2013 $16,125,060,515 $16,494,745,015 $73,180,037,915 $75,222,229,948
2014 $17,867,662,178 $16,773,046,832 $80,845,385,809 $80,392,884,506
2015 $17,517,210,519 $17,517,210,519 $86,196,264,755 $86,196,264,755
2016 $20,793,168,031 $18,621,440,663 $86,138,288,644 $91,309,557,165
2017 $24,728,285,177 $19,402,600,563 $69,703,222,283 $95,322,862,969
2018 $26,260,850,582 $20,351,227,271 $58,695,899,092 $100,622,047,496
2019 $24,681,343,649 $20,729,999,825 $67,293,639,798 $107,444,145,840
2020 $21,629,953,194 $19,291,243,916 $66,443,265,418 $109,123,866,128
2021 $25,770,339,317 $20,262,250,570 $77,340,060,003 $117,891,622,987
2022 $28,696,453,180 $22,081,592,143 $90,095,926,567 $124,966,702,851
2023 $31,452,223,862 $23,328,420,812 $102,641,879,249 $132,828,878,428
2024 $33,462,807,983 $23,448,996,816 $114,965,293,467 $141,462,755,525

Economic indicators

Iceland Uzbekistan
Gross domestic product
$33.5B
2024
$115B
2024
GDP rank
108/197
2024
66/197
2024
GDP growth
6.39%
2023-2024
12%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$82,704
2024
$3,162
2024
GDP per capita rank
10/197
2024
139/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$78,259
2024
$11,879
2024
Government debt
$19.8B
2024
$37.5B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
52.9%
2025
33%
2025
Government debt per person
$48,859
2024
$1,032
2024
Government debt per person rank
9/185
2024
142/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$54,155
2025
$3,203
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$18.8B
2024
Number of billionaires
1
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.4%
2019
25.7%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2019
2.3%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44.5%
2025
27.8%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
5.86%
2023-2024
9.1%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
7.5%
2025
14%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.56%
2024
5.29%
2020
Population
412970
37592263

GDP per capita in Iceland vs Uzbekistan

Iceland's GDP per capita is $82,704, ranking 10/197, compared to $3,162 in Uzbekistan, ranking 139/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Iceland ranks 15th at $78,259, while Uzbekistan ranks 123rd at $11,879.

Iceland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Uzbekistan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Iceland Uzbekistan
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $1,436 - - -
1961 $1,439 - - -
1962 $1,586 - - -
1963 $1,859 - - -
1964 $2,332 - - -
1965 $2,764 - - -
1966 $3,264 - - -
1967 $3,173 - - -
1968 $2,390 - - -
1969 $2,070 - - -
1970 $2,576 - - -
1971 $3,252 - - -
1972 $4,015 - - -
1973 $5,437 - - -
1974 $7,041 - - -
1975 $6,454 - - -
1976 $7,583 - - -
1977 $9,957 - - -
1978 $11,237 - - -
1979 $12,641 - - -
1980 $14,822 - - -
1981 $15,137 - - -
1982 $13,712 - - -
1983 $11,672 - - -
1984 $11,960 - - -
1985 $12,361 - - -
1986 $16,406 - - -
1987 $22,453 - $450 -
1988 $24,452 - $551 -
1989 $22,434 - $598 -
1990 $25,385 $21,970 $653 $2,665
1991 $26,803 $22,401 $658 $2,676
1992 $27,124 $21,863 $603 $2,371
1993 $23,580 $22,445 $596 $2,318
1994 $24,019 $23,547 $574 $2,197
1995 $26,634 $23,938 $583 $2,178
1996 $27,615 $24,767 $597 $2,214
1997 $27,919 $26,868 $621 $2,329
1998 $31,030 $28,721 $621 $2,418
1999 $32,382 $29,558 $698 $2,522
2000 $32,096 $29,783 $555 $2,644
2001 $28,897 $31,885 $454 $2,782
2002 $32,409 $32,607 $381 $2,902
2003 $39,477 $32,701 $394 $3,047
2004 $47,335 $35,617 $462 $3,321
2005 $56,795 $37,323 $543 $3,618
2006 $57,493 $39,700 $649 $3,956
2007 $69,496 $41,473 $824 $4,386
2008 $56,943 $43,728 $1,075 $4,800
2009 $41,301 $41,863 $1,206 $5,135
2010 $43,237 $39,768 $1,753 $5,505
2011 $47,715 $40,937 $2,088 $5,949
2012 $45,996 $42,004 $2,307 $6,168
2013 $49,805 $44,410 $2,462 $6,413
2014 $54,577 $45,997 $2,675 $6,610
2015 $52,952 $49,214 $2,803 $6,800
2016 $61,988 $53,480 $2,753 $6,919
2017 $72,010 $55,638 $2,191 $7,818
2018 $74,452 $57,198 $1,813 $8,129
2019 $68,452 $60,524 $2,041 $8,544
2020 $59,024 $55,797 $1,978 $8,452
2021 $69,178 $61,610 $2,259 $9,248
2022 $75,121 $73,426 $2,579 $10,293
2023 $79,960 $76,667 $2,879 $11,107
2024 $82,704 $78,259 $3,162 $11,879

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Iceland's government spending was $15.5B, accounting for 44.5% of its GDP, while Uzbekistan's spent $31.9B, or 27.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 52.9% in Iceland and 33% in Uzbekistan, ranking 102/185 and 155/185, respectively.

Iceland
Government spending

Government debt
Uzbekistan
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Iceland Uzbekistan
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 33.2% 13.6% - -
1961 25.3% 8.49% - -
1962 24.9% 7.47% - -
1963 26.2% 7.89% - -
1964 28.2% 7.97% - -
1965 28.3% 7.78% - -
1966 28.3% 5.56% - -
1967 31.6% 8.8% - -
1968 33.3% 14.2% - -
1969 30.3% 14.6% - -
1970 29.9% 11.4% - -
1971 32.5% 11.7% - -
1972 33.3% 14.5% - -
1973 33.7% 11.5% - -
1974 36.6% 12.5% - -
1975 36.9% 16.4% - -
1976 32.1% 17.2% - -
1977 31.7% 18.4% - -
1978 31.9% 19.8% - -
1979 32.4% 21.1% - -
1980 33.9% 24.8% - -
1981 35.3% 22.4% - -
1982 36% 28.9% - -
1983 37.8% 30.8% - -
1984 34.7% 32.4% - -
1985 37% 32% - -
1986 39.5% 29.9% - -
1987 36.5% 27.3% - -
1988 41.4% 30.6% - -
1989 42.9% 35.3% - -
1990 42.6% 35.5% - -
1991 42.8% 37.6% - -
1992 44.7% 45.4% 18% -
1993 45.1% 52.3% 39.6% -
1994 45% 54.8% 27.1% -
1995 44.4% 58.1% 29.4% -
1996 43.9% 55.6% 35.1% -
1997 42.1% 52% 31.8% 15.3%
1998 40.9% 44% 35.1% 18%
1999 45.4% 76.6% 33.6% 18.4%
2000 44.8% 75.8% 32.9% 29.5%
2001 47.4% 83.4% 30.6% 44.8%
2002 45.5% 82.2% 34.6% 41.6%
2003 47.8% 85.1% 31.5% 31.4%
2004 46.7% 80.9% 29.4% 26.9%
2005 45% 68.9% 28.1% 21%
2006 44.8% 70.7% 24.7% 13.5%
2007 44.7% 68.4% 24.8% 9.56%
2008 63.4% 110.4% 26.5% 8.33%
2009 53.6% 128.8% 27.5% 7.3%
2010 48.8% 133.1% 26.4% 6.61%
2011 50.5% 138.2% 23.7% 6.33%
2012 47.7% 133.9% 23.9% 6.76%
2013 46% 122% 25.2% 6.23%
2014 45.8% 115.3% 24.9% 6.09%
2015 43.5% 97.3% 24.6% 6.72%
2016 46.4% 82.5% 23.3% 8.19%
2017 44.4% 71.7% 19.9% 17.3%
2018 43.8% 63.2% 22.2% 17.5%
2019 43.6% 66.5% 24.3% 25.4%
2020 51.1% 77.5% 26% 33.7%
2021 49.6% 74.9% 27.4% 31.7%
2022 46.7% 67.5% 31.4% 30.5%
2023 45.3% 62% 29.9% 32.2%
2024 46.3% 59.1% 27.8% 32.6%
2025 44.5% 52.9% 27.8% 33%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Iceland's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$1.17B, equivalent to -3.48% of GDP. This compares to Uzbekistan's deficit of -$2.6B, or -2.26% of GDP.

Over the past 33 years, Iceland recorded a fiscal deficit in 22 of those years, while Uzbekistan ran a deficit in 20 years. On average, Iceland posted an annual deficit equal to -1.59% of GDP, compared to deficit of -0.86% of GDP for Uzbekistan.

Deficit/surplus
Iceland

Uzbekistan
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Iceland Uzbekistan
1909 -2.15% -
1910 -1.27% -
1911 -3.06% -
1912 -2.93% -
1913 -2.3% -
1914 -3.21% -
1915 -2.06% -
1916 -2.53% -
1917 -11.3% -
1918 -7.43% -
1919 -2.5% -
1920 -7.45% -
1921 -6.12% -
1922 -4.67% -
1923 -4.99% -
1924 -1.78% -
1925 0.43% -
1926 -2.43% -
1927 -3.45% -
1928 -1.94% -
1929 -1.94% -
1930 -4.94% -
1931 -4.27% -
1932 -4.65% -
1933 -3.42% -
1934 -4.79% -
1935 -3.46% -
1936 -3.34% -
1937 -2.6% -
1938 -2.01% -
1939 -2.6% -
1940 -1.35% -
1941 -1.33% -
1942 -0.75% -
1943 -0.89% -
1944 -3.23% -
1945 -2.33% -
1946 -0.37% -
1947 -1.95% -
1948 0.67% -
1949 -0.3% -
1950 1.23% -
1951 2.73% -
1952 3.33% -
1953 0.34% -
1954 1.25% -
1955 1.57% -
1956 -0.09% -
1957 1.2% -
1958 2.16% -
1959 2.44% -
1960 2.38% -
1961 1.64% -
1962 2.25% -
1963 1.8% -
1964 -0.41% -
1965 0.15% -
1966 1.69% -
1967 0.78% -
1968 -0.89% -
1969 -0.88% -
1970 0.27% -
1971 -0.69% -
1972 0.05% -
1973 -0.74% -
1974 -3.64% -
1975 -3.87% -
1976 0.02% -
1977 -1.2% -
1978 -0.9% -
1979 -0.07% -
1980 1.37% -
1981 1.32% -
1982 1.72% -
1983 -1.96% -
1984 2.25% -
1985 -1.56% -
1986 -3.93% -
1987 -0.79% -
1988 -1.93% -
1989 -4.29% -
1990 -3.16% -
1991 -0.66% -
1992 -1.86% 7.15%
1993 -4.36% -12%
1994 -4.59% -4.47%
1995 -2.87% -1.77%
1996 -1.52% -1.57%
1997 0.04% -2.05%
1998 -0.57% -3.04%
1999 1.32% -2.91%
2000 1.45% -3.66%
2001 -0.28% -3.28%
2002 -2.27% -6.31%
2003 -2.32% -4.87%
2004 0.29% -3.74%
2005 5.01% -3.52%
2006 6.45% 2.72%
2007 5.6% 3.55%
2008 -12.1% 5.97%
2009 -8.58% 1.82%
2010 -6.66% 2.56%
2011 -6.53% 5.11%
2012 -2.62% 5.89%
2013 -1.25% 2.15%
2014 0.3% 1.9%
2015 -0.4% -0.28%
2016 12.5% 0.7%
2017 0.98% 1.04%
2018 0.96% 1.64%
2019 -1.59% -0.26%
2020 -8.9% -2.95%
2021 -8.48% -4.1%
2022 -3.99% -3.65%
2023 -2.29% -3.98%
2024 -3.48% -2.26%
2025 -1.64% -2.27%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Iceland has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.58%, compared with 17.9% in Uzbekistan. In 2024, inflation was 5.86% in Iceland and 9.1% in Uzbekistan.

Inflation
Iceland

Uzbekistan
Year Inflation
Iceland Uzbekistan Iceland Uzbekistan
1996 2.26% 54%
1997 1.82% 70.9%
1998 1.66% 29%
1999 3.23% 29.1%
2000 5.14% 25%
2001 6.41% 27.3%
2002 5.2% 27.3%
2003 2.06% 12.5%
2004 3.16% 7.3%
2005 3.99% 10.7%
2006 6.69% 13.1%
2007 5.05% 11.2%
2008 12.7% 13.1%
2009 12% 12.3%
2010 5.4% 12.3%
2011 4% 12.4%
2012 5.19% 11.9%
2013 3.87% 11.7%
2014 2.04% 9.1%
2015 1.63% 8.5%
2016 1.7% 8.8%
2017 1.76% 13.9%
2018 2.68% 17.5%
2019 3.01% 14.5%
2020 2.85% 12.9%
2021 4.44% 10.8%
2022 8.31% 11.4%
2023 8.74% 10%
2024 5.86% 9.6%
2025 - 9.1%

Top exports between countries

Iceland
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $68K
Textiles & consumer goods $2K
Miscellaneous $1K
Uzbekistan
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $4.02M
Manufacturing & construction services $20K
Raw materials & minerals $14K

Balance of trade

Iceland Uzbekistan
Current account balance
-$867M
2024
-$5.72B
2024
Current account balance ranking
120/189
2024
170/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.59%
2024
-4.97%
2024
Goods imports
$9.3B
2024
$33.2B
2024
Goods exports
$6.99B
2024
$19.6B
2024
Service imports
$5.16B
2024
$10.5B
2024
Service exports
$7.12B
2024
$6.55B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
42.7%
2024
38%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
41.6%
2024
22.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Iceland Uzbekistan
Economic freedom 72.8 58
Economic freedom ranking 26/197 111/197
Property rights 97 33.5
Government integrity 81.5 31.2
Judicial effectiveness 95.6 14.5
Tax burden 72.6 92.8
Government spending 33.2 73.6
Fiscal health 55.2 73.3
Business freedom 86.3 64.4
Labor freedom 60.1 47.9
Monetary freedom 71.8 64.6
Trade freedom 80.4 80.6
Investment freedom 70 60
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Iceland is 72.8, ranking 26/197, compared to 58 for Uzbekistan, ranking 111/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Iceland
Uzbekistan
Year Economic freedom index
Iceland Uzbekistan
1997 70.5 -
1998 71.2 31.5
1999 71.4 33.8
2000 74 38.1
2001 73.4 38.2
2002 73.1 38.5
2003 73.5 38.3
2004 72.1 39.1
2005 76.6 45.8
2006 75.8 48.7
2007 76 51.5
2008 75.8 51.9
2009 75.9 50.5
2010 73.7 47.5
2011 68.2 45.8
2012 70.9 45.8
2013 72.1 46
2014 72.4 46.5
2015 72 47
2016 73.3 46
2017 74.4 52.3
2018 77 51.5
2019 77.1 53.3
2020 77.1 57.2
2021 77.4 58.3
2022 77 55.7
2023 72.2 56.5
2024 70.5 55.9
2025 72.8 58

More economic indicators

Iceland Uzbekistan
Services, % of GDP
65.5%
2024
45.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
19.4%
2024
31.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
4.05%
2024
18.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$31.8B
2024
$110B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$78,080
2024
$12,000
2024
Total reserves including gold
$6.4B
2024
$41.2B
2024
Total reserves ranking
90/177
2024
50/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$2.24B
2024
-$2.8B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$2.7B
2024
$2.84B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$461M
2024
$36.7M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
n/a
8.24%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
8.8%
2017
8.9%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
26.6%
2024
33.3%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.