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Fertility & birth rates in Gambia and Ghana

Updated on by Georank team

The Gambia has an annual birth rate of 30.4 births per 1,000 people, compared to 26.3 for Ghana. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 4.01 in the Gambia and 3.4 in Ghana — 15.2% difference.

1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by -35.9% in the Gambia and by -50.7% in Ghana — in 1960, it was 6.25 and 6.89, respectively.

Birth rates facts compared:

  • The Gambia is ranked 30/196 by birth rate compared to 47/196 for Ghana.
  • The mean age for first-time mothers is 20.7 years in the Gambia, compared to 22.1 years in Ghana.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 29.8 in the Gambia — it's 29.5 in Ghana.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 58.1 in the Gambia vs 58.2 in Ghana.
  • In the Gambia, 24.5% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 25.6% in Ghana.
  • Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +2.41% in the Gambia and +1.93% in Ghana.

Birth rate data compared

Gambia Ghana
Fertility rate 4.01 3.4
Birth rate 30.4 26.3
Birth rate rank 30/196 47/196
Age at first childbirth 20.7 years 22.1 years
Average age at childbearing 29.8 years 29.5 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 54.1 56.7
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 173 148.4
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 68.1 53.2
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 24.5% 25.6%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 17.1% 27.8%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 83.8% 78.9%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.35% 0.23%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 2.37% 2.12%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 3.38% 2.82%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births 4.41% 3.71%
Population change due to births and deaths +65,118 +651,094
Natural population change rank 88/196 30/196
Natural population change rate +2.41% +1.93%
Population growth +2.3% +1.89%
Population growth rank 39/197 59/197
Life expectancy 66.3 years 65.9 years

Fertility rate in Gambia vs Ghana chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in the Gambia was 4.01 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.4 in Ghana in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check the Gambia vs Ghana population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Gambia
Factual

UN forecast
Ghana
Factual

UN forecast

Births per woman

Year Fertility rate
Gambia Ghana
1960 6.25 6.89
1961 6.23 6.91
1962 6.21 6.94
1963 6.2 6.94
1964 6.2 6.9
1965 6.19 6.88
1966 6.18 6.86
1967 6.21 6.89
1968 6.22 6.89
1969 6.25 6.95
1970 6.26 6.95
1971 6.33 6.95
1972 6.37 6.92
1973 6.41 6.87
1974 6.42 6.82
1975 6.43 6.76
1976 6.43 6.7
1977 6.43 6.64
1978 6.42 6.56
1979 6.41 6.51
1980 6.41 6.47
1981 6.4 6.42
1982 6.4 6.31
1983 6.39 6.23
1984 6.39 6.15
1985 6.36 6.12
1986 6.34 6.08
1987 6.3 6.02
1988 6.26 5.92
1989 6.25 5.82
1990 6.25 5.74
1991 6.19 5.63
1992 6.11 5.52
1993 6.03 5.41
1994 6.04 5.25
1995 5.99 5.11
1996 5.93 4.96
1997 5.85 4.88
1998 5.82 4.83
1999 5.77 4.82
2000 5.72 4.83
2001 5.67 4.77
2002 5.66 4.69
2003 5.66 4.6
2004 5.68 4.5
2005 5.71 4.5
2006 5.74 4.4
2007 5.69 4.29
2008 5.63 4.22
2009 5.57 4.18
2010 5.56 4.18
2011 5.54 4.18
2012 5.52 4.15
2013 5.39 4.11
2014 5.2 4.03
2015 5 3.98
2016 4.81 3.87
2017 4.61 3.72
2018 4.42 3.65
2019 4.33 3.59
2020 4.25 3.54
2021 4.17 3.49
2022 4.08 3.43
2023 4.01 3.4
2024 3.91 3.34
2025 3.8 3.3
2026 3.7 3.26
2027 3.6 3.22
2028 3.51 3.18
2029 3.41 3.14
2030 3.33 3.1
2031 3.24 3.06
2032 3.17 3.03
2033 3.1 2.99
2034 3.03 2.96
2035 2.97 2.93
2036 2.91 2.9
2037 2.86 2.87
2038 2.81 2.84
2039 2.76 2.81
2040 2.71 2.78
2041 2.67 2.76
2042 2.63 2.73
2043 2.59 2.71
2044 2.56 2.68
2045 2.52 2.66
2046 2.49 2.64
2047 2.46 2.62
2048 2.43 2.59
2049 2.4 2.57
2050 2.38 2.55

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Gambia
Factual

UN forecast
Ghana
Factual

UN forecast
Year Share of people 0-14 years old
Gambia Ghana
1960 41% 45.4%
1961 40.8% 45.9%
1962 40.7% 46.4%
1963 40.8% 46.8%
1964 41% 47.1%
1965 41.3% 47.4%
1966 41.5% 47.6%
1967 41.6% 47.8%
1968 41.8% 47.9%
1969 41.9% 48.1%
1970 42% 48.2%
1971 42.1% 48.4%
1972 42.2% 48.4%
1973 42.3% 48.4%
1974 42.4% 48.3%
1975 42.6% 48.2%
1976 42.8% 47.9%
1977 43% 47.5%
1978 43.3% 47%
1979 43.5% 46.5%
1980 43.7% 46.2%
1981 44% 45.9%
1982 44.3% 45.7%
1983 44.6% 45.4%
1984 44.9% 45.2%
1985 45% 45.3%
1986 45.2% 45.4%
1987 45.4% 45.5%
1988 45.5% 45.4%
1989 45.6% 45.4%
1990 45.7% 45.3%
1991 45.8% 45.2%
1992 45.9% 45%
1993 46% 44.8%
1994 46.3% 44.5%
1995 46.5% 44.2%
1996 46.7% 43.9%
1997 46.9% 43.5%
1998 46.9% 43.1%
1999 46.9% 42.7%
2000 46.8% 42.3%
2001 46.7% 41.9%
2002 46.6% 41.5%
2003 46.4% 41.1%
2004 46.1% 40.7%
2005 45.9% 40.4%
2006 45.6% 40.1%
2007 45.3% 39.8%
2008 45.1% 39.5%
2009 44.8% 39.3%
2010 44.5% 39.1%
2011 44.3% 39%
2012 44.1% 38.9%
2013 43.9% 38.9%
2014 43.7% 38.8%
2015 43.6% 38.6%
2016 43.3% 38.4%
2017 43.1% 38.1%
2018 42.8% 37.8%
2019 42.4% 37.6%
2020 42% 37.2%
2021 41.6% 36.9%
2022 41.2% 36.5%
2023 40.7% 36.2%
2024 40.2% 35.8%
2025 39.7% 35.4%
2026 39.2% 35%
2027 38.5% 34.6%
2028 37.9% 34.1%
2029 37.3% 33.7%
2030 36.7% 33.3%
2031 36.2% 32.8%
2032 35.7% 32.5%
2033 35.2% 32.2%
2034 34.8% 31.9%
2035 34.3% 31.6%
2036 33.9% 31.4%
2037 33.4% 31.2%
2038 33% 30.9%
2039 32.5% 30.7%
2040 32.1% 30.5%
2041 31.7% 30.3%
2042 31.3% 30.1%
2043 30.9% 29.8%
2044 30.5% 29.6%
2045 30.2% 29.4%
2046 29.8% 29.2%
2047 29.5% 29%
2048 29.1% 28.8%
2049 28.8% 28.5%
2050 28.4% 28.3%

Children aged 0-14 make up 40.2% of the population in the Gambia and 35.8% in Ghana in 2024, compared to 45.7% and 45.3% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of the Gambia and Ghana compared.

Natural population change in Gambia vs Ghana by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +2.59% in the Gambia and +2.1% in Ghana. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Gambia
Ghana

Natural population change

Year Population change due to births and deaths
Gambia Ghana
1960 8,420 217,134
1961 8,778 222,372
1962 9,150 223,842
1963 9,493 225,367
1964 9,825 226,685
1965 10,162 229,061
1966 10,422 231,440
1967 10,823 237,156
1968 11,215 242,821
1969 11,670 251,925
1970 12,128 257,938
1971 12,842 265,442
1972 13,432 275,236
1973 14,046 283,385
1974 14,628 290,796
1975 15,256 298,267
1976 16,032 305,769
1977 16,773 315,429
1978 17,424 324,428
1979 18,543 334,848
1980 19,566 346,816
1981 20,156 359,572
1982 21,894 369,061
1983 23,175 379,846
1984 24,586 392,053
1985 25,795 401,722
1986 27,195 411,191
1987 28,452 419,328
1988 29,938 425,031
1989 31,504 432,541
1990 33,163 442,211
1991 34,584 448,159
1992 35,951 452,156
1993 37,302 454,669
1994 38,880 449,589
1995 39,681 451,748
1996 40,253 450,259
1997 40,742 459,822
1998 41,842 471,313
1999 42,533 487,210
2000 43,249 508,738
2001 44,154 519,382
2002 45,156 528,620
2003 46,473 536,656
2004 48,276 543,339
2005 50,010 563,234
2006 52,335 569,474
2007 53,653 572,332
2008 55,032 579,695
2009 56,575 592,825
2010 58,554 613,133
2011 60,571 631,501
2012 62,745 646,595
2013 63,510 658,638
2014 63,185 660,829
2015 62,832 667,729
2016 62,358 659,910
2017 61,665 641,218
2018 60,854 641,551
2019 61,701 642,403
2020 62,209 637,469
2021 62,239 635,805
2022 63,634 646,441
2023 65,118 651,094

Fertility rates around the globe

Fertility rate

Maternal mortality chart: Gambia vs Ghana

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 354 deaths per 100,000 live births in the Gambia, compared to 234 deaths in Ghana.

Gambia
Ghana
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
Gambia Ghana
1985 1,454 943
1986 1,401 908
1987 1,360 873
1988 1,302 834
1989 1,258 799
1990 1,207 769
1991 1,167 745
1992 1,115 718
1993 1,072 696
1994 1,039 670
1995 999 630
1996 956 591
1997 928 553
1998 867 521
1999 830 490
2000 810 472
2001 794 460
2002 772 434
2003 749 410
2004 719 403
2005 707 390
2006 682 385
2007 675 377
2008 653 380
2009 634 369
2010 632 363
2011 634 356
2012 628 351
2013 606 338
2014 561 317
2015 527 310
2016 490 296
2017 469 287
2018 450 276
2019 422 260
2020 400 253
2021 420 264
2022 365 239
2023 354 234

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 4.41% in the Gambia and 3.71% in Ghana. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Gambia
Ghana

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

Year Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
Gambia Ghana
1960 36.2% 20.9%
1961 35.5% 20.7%
1962 34.8% 20.5%
1963 34.1% 20.4%
1964 33.5% 20.3%
1965 32.8% 20.3%
1966 32.1% 20.3%
1967 31.5% 20.3%
1968 30.9% 20.3%
1969 30.2% 20.3%
1970 29.5% 20.2%
1971 28.9% 20.1%
1972 28.2% 19.9%
1973 27.5% 19.6%
1974 26.9% 19.2%
1975 26.2% 18.7%
1976 25.5% 18.2%
1977 24.9% 17.7%
1978 24.2% 17.2%
1979 23.6% 16.9%
1980 23% 16.7%
1981 22.3% 16.6%
1982 21.7% 16.4%
1983 21% 16.2%
1984 20.4% 15.9%
1985 19.7% 15.5%
1986 19.1% 15%
1987 18.4% 14.4%
1988 17.8% 13.8%
1989 17.2% 13.3%
1990 16.6% 12.8%
1991 16% 12.3%
1992 15.5% 12%
1993 14.9% 11.8%
1994 14.4% 11.6%
1995 13.9% 11.5%
1996 13.3% 11.3%
1997 12.8% 11.1%
1998 12.3% 10.8%
1999 11.8% 10.4%
2000 11.3% 10%
2001 10.9% 9.61%
2002 10.4% 9.21%
2003 9.95% 8.85%
2004 9.52% 8.52%
2005 9.11% 8.22%
2006 8.71% 7.93%
2007 8.33% 7.63%
2008 7.98% 7.31%
2009 7.64% 6.99%
2010 7.31% 6.65%
2011 7.01% 6.33%
2012 6.73% 6.02%
2013 6.45% 5.74%
2014 6.18% 5.48%
2015 5.93% 5.25%
2016 5.7% 5.02%
2017 5.47% 4.81%
2018 5.27% 4.6%
2019 5.07% 4.39%
2020 4.89% 4.2%
2021 4.72% 4.02%
2022 4.56% 3.85%
2023 4.41% 3.71%

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Birth rate comparisons

Birth rate vs Gambia vs Ghana
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