Pakistan has a GDP of $372B compared to $12B for South Sudan, ranking 43/197 and 149/197 by economy size, respectively.
Pakistan has $262B in government debt (70.4% of GDP), compared to $7.04B (50.7% of GDP) in South Sudan.
Pakistan vs South Sudan GDP by year
| Year | GDP, current $ | |
|---|---|---|
Pakistan
|
South Sudan
|
|
| 2024 | $371,570,000,121 | - |
| 2023 | $336,686,348,609 | - |
| 2022 | $374,890,295,667 | - |
| 2021 | $348,516,647,445 | - |
| 2020 | $300,425,609,818 | - |
| 2019 | $320,909,472,771 | - |
| 2018 | $356,128,166,705 | - |
| 2017 | $339,205,534,861 | - |
| 2016 | $313,630,000,130 | - |
| 2015 | $299,963,590,535 | $11,997,800,760 |
| 2014 | $271,390,474,858 | $13,962,212,847 |
| 2013 | $258,657,231,672 | $18,426,469,017 |
| 2012 | $250,106,966,105 | $11,931,472,169 |
| 2011 | $230,586,581,060 | $14,907,308,933 |
| 2010 | $196,709,621,850 | $14,602,072,411 |
| 2009 | $187,337,783,856 | $12,231,264,525 |
| 2008 | $202,203,748,584 | $14,586,253,383 |
| 2007 | $184,140,869,997 | - |
| 2006 | $161,871,385,506 | - |
| 2005 | $145,208,562,961 | - |
| 2004 | $132,216,048,339 | - |
| 2003 | $112,371,913,741 | - |
| 2002 | $97,923,302,809 | - |
| 2001 | $97,145,618,480 | - |
| 2000 | $99,484,802,345 | - |
| 1999 | $62,973,857,069 | - |
| 1998 | $62,191,955,814 | - |
| 1997 | $62,433,340,468 | - |
| 1996 | $63,320,170,084 | - |
| 1995 | $60,636,071,684 | - |
| 1994 | $52,293,470,813 | - |
| 1993 | $51,809,999,353 | - |
| 1992 | $48,884,671,947 | - |
| 1991 | $45,625,336,680 | - |
| 1990 | $40,010,423,970 | - |
| 1989 | $40,171,106,279 | - |
| 1988 | $38,472,742,808 | - |
| 1987 | $33,351,529,275 | - |
| 1986 | $31,899,070,056 | - |
| 1985 | $31,144,920,844 | - |
| 1984 | $31,151,825,467 | - |
| 1983 | $28,691,889,764 | - |
| 1982 | $30,725,971,564 | - |
| 1981 | $28,100,606,061 | - |
| 1980 | $23,654,444,444 | - |
| 1979 | $19,688,383,838 | - |
| 1978 | $17,811,515,152 | - |
| 1977 | $15,126,060,606 | - |
| 1976 | $13,168,080,808 | - |
| 1975 | $11,230,606,061 | - |
| 1974 | $8,899,191,919 | - |
| 1973 | $6,383,429,490 | - |
| 1972 | $9,415,016,360 | - |
| 1971 | $10,665,896,682 | - |
| 1970 | $10,027,509,450 | - |
| 1969 | $8,683,116,338 | - |
| 1968 | $8,041,999,160 | - |
| 1967 | $7,464,510,710 | - |
| 1966 | $6,561,108,778 | - |
| 1965 | $5,929,231,415 | - |
| 1964 | $5,204,955,901 | - |
| 1963 | $4,630,827,383 | - |
| 1962 | $4,310,163,797 | - |
| 1961 | $4,118,647,627 | - |
| 1960 | $3,749,265,015 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/pakistan/south-sudan | CC BY 
GDP per capita in Pakistan vs South Sudan by year
| Year | Current $ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Pakistan
|
South Sudan
|
|||
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2024 | $1,479 | $6,252 | - | - |
| 2023 | $1,360 | $6,014 | - | - |
| 2022 | $1,538 | $5,920 | - | - |
| 2021 | $1,455 | $5,367 | - | - |
| 2020 | $1,278 | $5,048 | - | - |
| 2019 | $1,390 | $5,038 | - | - |
| 2018 | $1,569 | $4,979 | - | - |
| 2017 | $1,519 | $4,790 | - | - |
| 2016 | $1,425 | $4,631 | - | - |
| 2015 | $1,380 | $4,480 | $1,080 | $1,155 |
| 2014 | $1,267 | $4,313 | $1,243 | $1,373 |
| 2013 | $1,225 | $4,174 | $1,650 | $1,917 |
| 2012 | $1,204 | $4,047 | $1,109 | $1,417 |
| 2011 | $1,132 | $3,880 | $1,449 | $2,718 |
| 2010 | $987 | $3,786 | $1,498 | $2,948 |
| 2009 | $964 | $3,777 | $1,323 | $2,911 |
| 2008 | $1,067 | $3,721 | $1,654 | $2,887 |
| 2007 | $998 | $3,672 | - | - |
| 2006 | $901 | $3,515 | - | - |
| 2005 | $828 | $3,293 | - | - |
| 2004 | $772 | $3,048 | - | - |
| 2003 | $672 | $2,822 | - | - |
| 2002 | $600 | $2,688 | - | - |
| 2001 | $610 | $2,644 | - | - |
| 2000 | $642 | $2,565 | - | - |
| 1999 | $418 | $2,475 | - | - |
| 1998 | $424 | $2,419 | - | - |
| 1997 | $438 | $2,398 | - | - |
| 1996 | $457 | $2,401 | - | - |
| 1995 | $451 | $2,315 | - | - |
| 1994 | $400 | $2,224 | - | - |
| 1993 | $408 | $2,160 | - | - |
| 1992 | $396 | $2,132 | - | - |
| 1991 | $380 | $1,992 | - | - |
| 1990 | $344 | $1,895 | - | - |
| 1989 | $358 | - | - | - |
| 1988 | $354 | - | - | - |
| 1987 | $317 | - | - | - |
| 1986 | $314 | - | - | - |
| 1985 | $317 | - | - | - |
| 1984 | $327 | - | - | - |
| 1983 | $311 | - | - | - |
| 1982 | $345 | - | - | - |
| 1981 | $328 | - | - | - |
| 1980 | $287.4 | - | - | - |
| 1979 | $249.2 | - | - | - |
| 1978 | $233.4 | - | - | - |
| 1977 | $204.7 | - | - | - |
| 1976 | $183.9 | - | - | - |
| 1975 | $161.7 | - | - | - |
| 1974 | $132 | - | - | - |
| 1973 | $97.5 | - | - | - |
| 1972 | $148.1 | - | - | - |
| 1971 | $172.5 | - | - | - |
| 1970 | $166.7 | - | - | - |
| 1969 | $148.5 | - | - | - |
| 1968 | $141.6 | - | - | - |
| 1967 | $135.2 | - | - | - |
| 1966 | $122.2 | - | - | - |
| 1965 | $113.6 | - | - | - |
| 1964 | $102.5 | - | - | - |
| 1963 | $93.7 | - | - | - |
| 1962 | $89.5 | - | - | - |
| 1961 | $87.8 | - | - | - |
| 1960 | $82 | - | - | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/pakistan/south-sudan | CC BY
Pakistan's GDP per capita is $1,479, ranking 163/197, compared to $1,080 in South Sudan, ranking 175/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Pakistan ranks 150th at $6,252, while South Sudan ranks 197th at $1,155.
Economic indicators
|
Pakistan
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$372B
2024 |
$12B
2015 |
| GDP rank |
43/197
2024 |
149/197
2015 |
| GDP growth |
3.05%
2023-2024 |
-10.8%
2014-2015 |
| GDP per capita |
$1,479
2024 |
$1,080
2015 |
| GDP per capita rank |
163/197
2024 |
175/197
2015 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$6,252
2024 |
$1,155
2015 |
| GDP per capita PPP rank |
150/197
2024 |
197/197
2015 |
| Government debt |
$262B
2024 |
$7.04B
2015 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
70.4%
2024 |
50.7%
2024 |
| Government debt per person |
$1,041
2024 |
$633
2015 |
| Government debt per person rank |
140/185
2024 |
158/185
2015 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$1,668
2026 |
$1,305
2026 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$52.1B
2024 |
n/a |
| Income share by richest 10% |
25.5%
2018 |
33%
2016 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
4.2%
2018 |
1.8%
2016 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
19.5%
2024 |
18.1%
2024 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
12.6%
2023-2024 |
91.4%
2023-2024 |
| Central bank interest rate |
10.5%
2025 |
15%
2023 |
| Unemployment rate |
6.96%
2025 |
12.3%
2008 |
| Population |
260356147
|
12507858
|
Spending and national debt comparison by year
| Year | % of GDP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Pakistan
|
South Sudan
|
|||
| Government spending | Government debt | Government spending | Government debt | |
| 2024 | 19.5% | 70.4% | 18.1% | 50.7% |
| 2023 | 19.3% | 78.5% | 21.4% | 51.9% |
| 2022 | 20% | 77.3% | 29.4% | 37.3% |
| 2021 | 18.5% | 74.7% | 44.1% | 50.2% |
| 2020 | 20.3% | 80.8% | 34.1% | 49% |
| 2019 | 19.1% | 78.7% | 47.9% | 43.1% |
| 2018 | 19.1% | 66.3% | 54.5% | 77.6% |
| 2017 | 19.1% | 62.1% | 97% | 178.3% |
| 2016 | 17.7% | 62.1% | 66.5% | 164.7% |
| 2015 | 17.8% | 59.1% | 34% | 58.6% |
| 2014 | 18.1% | 58.8% | 35.8% | 37.7% |
| 2013 | 19.5% | 59.2% | 25.3% | 17.6% |
| 2012 | 19.4% | 58.4% | 31.6% | 8.91% |
| 2011 | 17.9% | 56.2% | 20.8% | - |
| 2010 | 18.3% | 56.7% | - | - |
| 2009 | 17.3% | 54.6% | - | - |
| 2008 | 18% | 49.5% | - | - |
| 2007 | 16.1% | 44.2% | - | - |
| 2006 | 14.5% | 46.2% | - | - |
| 2005 | 13% | 47.9% | - | - |
| 2004 | 12.1% | 50.6% | - | - |
| 2003 | 12.9% | 56.3% | - | - |
| 2002 | 14.4% | 60.5% | - | - |
| 2001 | 12.9% | 65.1% | - | - |
| 2000 | 13.8% | 61.7% | - | - |
| 1999 | 13.2% | 60.7% | - | - |
| 1998 | 14.1% | 53.8% | - | - |
| 1997 | 13.7% | 52.8% | - | - |
| 1996 | 15% | 52.5% | - | - |
| 1995 | 14% | 52.3% | - | - |
| 1994 | 14.5% | 58.5% | - | - |
| 1993 | 17% | 57.9% | - | - |
| 1992 | 22.6% | 53.3% | - | - |
| 1991 | 21.4% | 55.8% | - | - |
| 1990 | 23.9% | 48.3% | - | - |
| 1989 | 26.1% | 46.6% | - | - |
| 1988 | 27.9% | 45% | - | - |
| 1987 | 29.5% | 44.4% | - | - |
| 1986 | 27.6% | 43.1% | - | - |
| 1985 | 28.3% | 37% | - | - |
| 1984 | 25.4% | 33.4% | - | - |
| 1983 | 24.8% | 33.6% | - | - |
| 1982 | 24.5% | 33.8% | - | - |
| 1981 | 21.6% | 29.7% | - | - |
| 1980 | 22% | 33.3% | - | - |
| 1979 | 25.3% | 36.8% | - | - |
| 1978 | 25.5% | 36.1% | - | - |
| 1977 | 20.4% | 36.4% | - | - |
| 1976 | 21% | 35.8% | - | - |
| 1975 | 20.4% | 32.1% | - | - |
| 1974 | 15.3% | 38% | - | - |
| 1973 | 13.9% | 43.4% | - | - |
| 1972 | 13.5% | 88.7% | - | - |
| 1971 | 22.1% | 33.2% | - | - |
| 1970 | 23.6% | 31.6% | - | - |
| 1969 | 15.6% | 29.1% | - | - |
| 1968 | 13.7% | 27.5% | - | - |
| 1967 | 12.9% | 25.9% | - | - |
| 1966 | 12.2% | 25.1% | - | - |
| 1965 | 11.2% | 22.7% | - | - |
| 1964 | 12.1% | 21.3% | - | - |
| 1963 | 14.7% | 19.2% | - | - |
| 1962 | 11.8% | 16.6% | - | - |
| 1961 | 10.6% | 19.6% | - | - |
| 1960 | 10% | 19.5% | - | - |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1993–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1993, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/economy/pakistan/south-sudan | CC BY
In 2024, Pakistan's government spending was $72.4B, accounting for 19.5% of its GDP, while South Sudan spent $4.08B, or 18.1% of GDP.
Debt-to-GDP ratio is 70.4% in Pakistan and 50.7% in South Sudan, ranking 56/185 and 105/185, respectively.
Government deficit by year
| Year | Deficit/surplus, % of GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
Pakistan
|
South Sudan
|
|
| 2024 | -6.81% | 11.7% |
| 2023 | -7.76% | 8.04% |
| 2022 | -7.84% | 4.48% |
| 2021 | -6.04% | -9.3% |
| 2020 | -7.03% | -5.5% |
| 2019 | -7.79% | 0.04% |
| 2018 | -5.67% | -1.06% |
| 2017 | -5.17% | 9.56% |
| 2016 | -3.92% | -19.8% |
| 2015 | -4.74% | -16.4% |
| 2014 | -4.37% | -9.07% |
| 2013 | -7.48% | -3.45% |
| 2012 | -7.74% | -14.8% |
| 2011 | -6.23% | 4.57% |
| 2010 | -5.42% | - |
| 2009 | -4.53% | - |
| 2008 | -5.94% | - |
| 2007 | -4.23% | - |
| 2006 | -2.79% | - |
| 2005 | -2.29% | - |
| 2004 | -1.29% | - |
| 2003 | -0.12% | - |
| 2002 | -2.64% | - |
| 2001 | -2.45% | - |
| 2000 | -3.21% | - |
| 1999 | -3.07% | - |
| 1998 | -4.46% | - |
| 1997 | -3.87% | - |
| 1996 | -4.33% | - |
| 1995 | -3.9% | - |
| 1994 | -3.63% | - |
| 1993 | -5.53% | - |
| 1992 | -11.3% | - |
| 1991 | -10.8% | - |
| 1990 | -11.9% | - |
| 1989 | -7.01% | - |
| 1988 | -9.35% | - |
| 1987 | -11.7% | - |
| 1986 | -9.79% | - |
| 1985 | -10.6% | - |
| 1984 | -8.9% | - |
| 1983 | -7.55% | - |
| 1982 | -8.24% | - |
| 1981 | -5.83% | - |
| 1980 | -5.32% | - |
| 1979 | -11.6% | - |
| 1978 | -12.4% | - |
| 1977 | -8.74% | - |
| 1976 | -9.05% | - |
| 1975 | -8.97% | - |
| 1974 | -4.45% | - |
| 1973 | -3.99% | - |
| 1972 | -3.16% | - |
| 1971 | -7.45% | - |
| 1970 | -10.8% | - |
| 1969 | -7.08% | - |
| 1968 | -5.56% | - |
| 1967 | -4.27% | - |
| 1966 | -4.48% | - |
| 1965 | -3.28% | - |
| 1964 | -4.89% | - |
| 1963 | -6.55% | - |
| 1962 | -3.39% | - |
| 1961 | -4.6% | - |
| 1960 | -3.83% | - |
| 1959 | -3.71% | - |
| 1958 | -4.2% | - |
| 1957 | -2.21% | - |
| 1956 | -2.36% | - |
| 1955 | -2% | - |
| 1954 | -3.18% | - |
| 1953 | -2.66% | - |
| 1952 | -0.73% | - |
| 1951 | 0.63% | - |
| 1950 | -1.24% | - |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1950–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/economy/pakistan/south-sudan | CC BY
In 2015, Pakistan's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $14.2B, equivalent to 4.74% of GDP. This compares to South Sudan's deficit of $1.97B, or 16.4% of GDP.
Over the past 5 years, Pakistan recorded a fiscal deficit in 5 of those years, while South Sudan ran a deficit in 4 years. On average, Pakistan posted an annual deficit equal to 6.11% of GDP, compared to deficit of 7.83% of GDP for South Sudan.
Inflation comparison by year
| Year | Consumer prices inflation | |
|---|---|---|
|
Pakistan
|
South Sudan
|
|
| 2024 | 12.6% | 91.4% |
| 2023 | 30.8% | 2.38% |
| 2022 | 19.9% | -6.69% |
| 2021 | 9.5% | 10.5% |
| 2020 | 9.74% | 29.7% |
| 2019 | 10.6% | 87.2% |
| 2018 | 5.08% | 83.5% |
| 2017 | 4.09% | 187.9% |
| 2016 | 3.77% | 380% |
| 2015 | 2.53% | 52.8% |
| 2014 | 7.19% | 1.67% |
| 2013 | 7.69% | -0.06% |
| 2012 | 9.68% | 45.5% |
| 2011 | 11.9% | 46.9% |
| 2010 | 12.9% | 1.17% |
| 2009 | 13.6% | 5.01% |
| 2008 | 20.3% | - |
| 2007 | 7.6% | - |
| 2006 | 7.92% | - |
| 2005 | 9.06% | - |
| 2004 | 7.44% | - |
| 2003 | 2.91% | - |
| 2002 | 3.29% | - |
| 2001 | 3.15% | - |
| 2000 | 4.37% | - |
| 1999 | 4.14% | - |
| 1998 | 6.23% | - |
| 1997 | 11.4% | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/pakistan/south-sudan | CC BY
Over the past 16 years, Pakistan has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 10.7%, compared with 63.7% in South Sudan. In 2024, inflation was 12.6% in Pakistan and 91.4% in South Sudan.
Top exports between countries
|
Pakistan
|
|
|---|---|
| Export category | Export value |
| Chemicals & pharma | $45K |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $4K |
| Machinery & equipment | $2K |
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|
| Export category | Export value |
Balance of trade
|
Pakistan
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|---|
|
Current account balance
|
$496M
2024 |
$578M
2023 |
| Current account balance ranking |
63/190
2024 |
60/190
2023 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
+0.13%
2024 |
-4.17%
2015 |
| Goods imports |
$55.6B
2024 |
$2.25B
2023 |
| Goods exports |
$32.1B
2024 |
$4.01B
2023 |
| Service imports |
$11.2B
2024 |
$2.19B
2023 |
| Service exports |
$8.1B
2024 |
$484M
2023 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
17.2%
2024 |
28.9%
2015 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
10.4%
2024 |
36.7%
2015 |
Economic freedom indices
The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.
|
Pakistan
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 48.9 | 41 |
| Economic freedom ranking | 168/197 | 186/197 |
| Property rights | 25.7 | n/a |
| Government integrity | 26.3 | n/a |
| Judicial effectiveness | 27.6 | n/a |
| Tax burden | 78.2 | n/a |
| Government spending | 88.5 | n/a |
| Fiscal health | 10.1 | n/a |
| Business freedom | 54.4 | n/a |
| Labor freedom | 51.7 | n/a |
| Monetary freedom | 54.1 | n/a |
| Trade freedom | 70.4 | n/a |
| Investment freedom | 60 | n/a |
| Financial freedom | 40 | n/a |
Other economic metrics
|
Pakistan
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
50.7%
2024 |
56.6%
2015 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
20.2%
2024 |
33.1%
2015 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
23.7%
2024 |
10.4%
2015 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$358B
2024 |
$11.7B
2015 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$6,100
2024 |
$1,010
2015 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$18.4B
2024 |
$72.9M
2023 |
| Total reserves ranking |
63/177
2024 |
175/177
2023 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$2.58B
2024 |
$2.21M
2019 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$2.66B
2024 |
$83.4M
2024 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$84M
2024 |
$0
2024 |
|
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
|
4.5%
2024 |
n/a |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
21.9%
2018 |
66%
2020 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
13.2%
2024 |
5.75%
2015 |
GDP per capita map
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/pakistan/south-sudan | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1950–1993, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
- TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.