Skip to content

Economy of Greece vs Lebanon compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Greece has a GDP of $256B compared to $20.1B for Lebanon, ranking 53/197 and 128/197 by economy size, respectively.

Greece has $397B in government debt (154.8% of GDP), compared to $38.7B (163.8% of GDP) in Lebanon.

Greece vs Lebanon GDP by year

Greece
Lebanon
1x
Year GDP, current $
Greece Lebanon
2024 $256,238,371,778 -
2023 $242,946,187,738 $20,078,620,357
2022 $217,990,189,601 $20,992,421,949
2021 $218,303,801,895 $23,131,941,557
2020 $191,362,985,555 $31,712,128,254
2019 $207,305,649,887 $51,605,959,131
2018 $213,298,873,494 $54,901,519,156
2017 $200,381,103,984 $53,027,680,686
2016 $193,097,239,006 $51,147,308,774
2015 $194,567,373,678 $49,929,337,837
2014 $233,911,581,521 $48,095,213,747
2013 $236,556,279,641 $46,880,103,081
2012 $238,841,140,018 $44,016,799,516
2011 $283,228,079,776 $39,927,125,962
2010 $296,417,644,404 $38,443,907,042
2009 $326,829,054,686 $35,399,582,929
2008 $351,121,399,546 $29,118,916,105
2007 $314,226,996,944 $24,827,355,015
2006 $269,073,415,334 $22,022,709,851
2005 $242,315,668,619 $21,497,336,499
2004 $234,979,615,898 $21,159,827,992
2003 $196,930,509,813 $20,082,918,740
2002 $150,253,800,086 $19,152,238,806
2001 $132,050,474,720 $17,649,751,244
2000 $125,760,166,225 $17,260,364,842
1999 $137,131,371,955 $17,391,056,369
1998 $139,612,812,176 $17,247,179,006
1997 $138,766,067,640 $15,751,867,489
1996 $142,502,984,145 $13,690,217,334
1995 $134,974,613,914 $11,718,795,529
1994 $114,980,063,202 $9,599,127,050
1993 $107,295,704,518 $7,941,744,492
1992 $114,608,178,405 $5,843,579,161
1991 $103,680,863,713 $4,690,415,093
1990 $96,529,587,274 $2,838,485,354
1989 $78,067,933,277 $2,717,998,688
1988 $75,200,610,137 $3,313,540,068
1987 $64,739,630,096 -
1986 $55,595,445,472 -
1985 $47,155,741,426 -
1984 $47,352,146,312 -
1983 $48,741,397,059 -
1982 $53,858,346,939 -
1981 $51,618,456,335 -
1980 $56,039,256,595 -
1979 $53,724,121,435 -
1978 $43,654,480,519 -
1977 $35,673,080,481 -
1976 $30,719,552,239 -
1975 $28,129,128,587 -
1974 $24,998,715,909 -
1973 $22,037,019,563 -
1972 $16,650,659,091 -
1971 $14,388,806,818 -
1970 $12,957,113,636 -
1969 $11,454,106,327 -
1968 $9,950,331,206 -
1967 $9,146,592,856 -
1966 $8,472,021,467 -
1965 $7,582,209,670 -
1964 $6,576,906,345 -
1963 $5,813,285,627 -
1962 $5,140,542,929 -
1961 $4,892,397,431 -
1960 $4,274,890,307 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/lebanon | CC BY

GDP per capita in Greece vs Lebanon by year

Greece
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Lebanon
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Greece Lebanon
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $24,626 $44,327 - -
2023 $23,344 $42,711 $3,478 $12,575
2022 $20,887 $39,612 $3,654 $12,293
2021 $20,655 $33,531 $4,045 $11,600
2020 $17,887 $29,533 $5,561 $16,260
2019 $19,335 $31,927 $8,906 $21,710
2018 $19,873 $29,792 $9,175 $21,985
2017 $18,632 $28,682 $8,608 $20,964
2016 $17,919 $27,505 $8,089 $18,941
2015 $17,981 $26,608 $7,714 $17,046
2014 $21,475 $26,450 $7,578 $16,140
2013 $21,573 $25,731 $8,162 $16,316
2012 $21,624 $24,583 $8,407 $16,121
2011 $25,505 $25,693 $7,835 $14,975
2010 $26,653 $27,839 $7,626 $14,704
2009 $29,425 $29,963 $7,091 $13,586
2008 $31,696 $30,441 $5,912 $12,416
2007 $28,441 $28,896 $5,125 $11,356
2006 $24,416 $28,076 $4,635 $10,312
2005 $22,054 $25,004 $4,602 $10,020
2004 $21,449 $24,826 $4,601 $9,609
2003 $18,021 $23,253 $4,438 $8,914
2002 $13,782 $21,985 $4,291 $8,586
2001 $12,157 $20,304 $4,010 $8,289
2000 $11,638 $18,820 $3,987 $7,938
1999 $12,743 $17,758 $4,087 $7,793
1998 $13,023 $17,434 $4,125 $7,861
1997 $13,016 $16,630 $3,834 $7,632
1996 $13,433 $15,778 $3,393 $7,560
1995 $12,779 $15,218 $2,959 $6,796
1994 $10,937 $14,667 $2,468 $6,367
1993 $10,257 $14,150 $2,079 $5,871
1992 $11,021 $14,130 $1,559 $5,279
1991 $10,047 $13,824 $1,278 $4,527
1990 $9,467 $13,126 $790 $2,990
1989 $7,738 - $771 -
1988 $7,492 - $959 -
1987 $6,474 - - -
1986 $5,578 - - -
1985 $4,747 - - -
1984 $4,785 - - -
1983 $4,950 - - -
1982 $5,502 - - -
1981 $5,305 - - -
1980 $5,812 - - -
1979 $5,627 - - -
1978 $4,629 - - -
1977 $3,832 - - -
1976 $3,343 - - -
1975 $3,109 - - -
1974 $2,789 - - -
1973 $2,468 - - -
1972 $1,873 - - -
1971 $1,629 - - -
1970 $1,474 - - -
1969 $1,306 - - -
1968 $1,138 - - -
1967 $1,053 - - -
1966 $984 - - -
1965 $887 - - -
1964 $773 - - -
1963 $686 - - -
1962 $608 - - -
1961 $583 - - -
1960 $513 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/lebanon | CC BY

Greece's GDP per capita is $24,626, ranking 49/197, compared to $3,478 in Lebanon, ranking 135/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Greece ranks 52nd at $44,327, while Lebanon ranks 123rd at $12,575.

Economic indicators

Greece Lebanon
Gross domestic product
$256B
2024
$20.1B
2023
GDP rank
53/197
2024
128/197
2023
GDP growth
2.09%
2023-2024
-0.76%
2022-2023
GDP per capita
$24,626
2024
$3,478
2023
GDP per capita rank
49/197
2024
135/197
2023
GDP per capita, PPP
$44,327
2024
$12,575
2023
GDP per capita PPP rank
52/197
2024
123/197
2023
Government debt
$397B
2024
$38.7B
2023
Debt-to-GDP ratio
154.8%
2024
163.8%
2024
Government debt per person
$38,119
2024
$6,704
2023
Government debt per person rank
16/185
2024
70/185
2023
Average annual personal income after taxes
$14,396
2026
$3,560
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$83.2B
2024
$10.6B
2021
Number of billionaires
16
2025
6
2025
Income share by richest 10%
26%
2023
25.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.7%
2023
2.8%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
48%
2024
16.5%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.74%
2023-2024
45.2%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
20%
2023
Unemployment rate
10%
2024
11.3%
2019
Population
10181414
5906622

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Greece
Spending

Debt
Lebanon
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Greece Lebanon
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 48% 154.8% 16.5% 163.8%
2023 49.5% 165.2% 14.9% 192.8%
2022 52.8% 178.4% 13.4% 244.6%
2021 56.7% 197.8% 10.9% 358%
2020 59.3% 209.9% 23.2% 148.7%
2019 47.6% 183.7% 31.3% 172.1%
2018 48.6% 189.6% 32.3% 155.1%
2017 48.5% 182.6% 30.6% 150%
2016 50.3% 183.7% 28.3% 146.4%
2015 51.9% 180% 26.7% 140.8%
2014 51.5% 182.8% 28.8% 138.4%
2013 53% 180.5% 28.9% 135.4%
2012 54.9% 164.3% 30.2% 131.1%
2011 55.1% 175.1% 28.8% 134.4%
2010 53.1% 147.8% 29.2% 136.8%
2009 54.8% 128.5% 32.1% 144.5%
2008 51.5% 110.9% 34.3% 161.5%
2007 47.8% 104.6% 35.2% 169.3%
2006 45.9% 105.3% 36.1% 183.3%
2005 46.6% 109.9% 31.4% 178.9%
2004 48.8% 105.5% 33.3% 169.5%
2003 47.9% 104.3% 36.4% 171.3%
2002 47.1% 107.9% 36.8% 163.1%
2001 47.5% 110.5% 38.9% 163.1%
2000 48.2% 108.9% 42.8% 148.1%
1999 48% 102.8% 35.6% 130.2%
1998 46.7% 100.8% 34.7% 108.2%
1997 45.1% 102.6% 40.5% 100.2%
1996 46.1% 103.7% 43.6% 101.2%
1995 46.6% 100.4% 31.1% 79.6%
1994 36.9% 99.7% 47.3% 71.5%
1993 38.6% 101.7% 23% 50.5%
1992 36.9% 81.1% 36.1% 51.7%
1991 35.2% 75.7% 35.6% 67.1%
1990 38.5% 74.2% 40% 99.7%
1989 34.8% 60.7% - -
1988 33.8% 57.9% - -
1987 34% 53.2% - -
1986 33.8% 47.8% - -
1985 34.2% 47.3% - -
1984 32% 40.6% - -
1983 30.2% 34.1% - -
1982 28.7% 29.7% - -
1981 28.1% 27.1% - -
1980 24.5% 22.8% - -
1979 24.1% 22.7% - -
1978 30.1% 32.3% - -
1977 30.1% 24.5% - -
1976 29.1% 23.7% - -
1975 28.7% 24.1% - -
1974 25.3% 22.5% - -
1973 24.3% 22% - -
1972 26.8% 26.5% - -
1971 25.8% 25% - -
1970 25.2% 24.7% - -
1969 29.7% 25.8% - -
1968 26.3% 23% - -
1967 24.6% 21.1% - -
1966 22.8% 19% - -
1965 21.7% 16.5% - -
1964 20.4% 21.3% - -
1963 19.5% 22.6% - -
1962 19.7% 16.6% - -
1961 19.3% 14.4% - -
1960 20% 13.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/lebanon | CC BY

In 2024, Greece's government spending was $123B, accounting for 48% of its GDP, while Lebanon spent $2.99B, or 16.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 154.8% in Greece and 163.8% in Lebanon, ranking 7/185 and 6/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Greece

Lebanon
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Greece Lebanon
2024 1.34% -0.19%
2023 -1.35% -1.7%
2022 -2.46% -7.77%
2021 -7.58% -2.67%
2020 -10.3% -7.37%
2019 -0.09% -10.5%
2018 0.78% -11.3%
2017 1.05% -8.65%
2016 0.28% -8.88%
2015 -3.03% -7.48%
2014 -4.29% -6.22%
2013 -4.06% -8.82%
2012 -6.94% -8.43%
2011 -10.5% -5.94%
2010 -11.4% -7.47%
2009 -15.4% -8.1%
2008 -10.3% -9.86%
2007 -6.81% -10.9%
2006 -6.04% -10.6%
2005 -6.33% -8.57%
2004 -9.05% -9.83%
2003 -8.05% -14%
2002 -6.2% -16.2%
2001 -5.64% -21%
2000 -4.21% -23.9%
1999 -6.02% -16.7%
1998 -6.48% -17.3%
1997 -6.25% -24.5%
1996 -8.35% -25.7%
1995 -9.87% -13.6%
1994 -8.48% -29.1%
1993 -11.5% -7.19%
1992 -10.6% -24%
1991 -9.63% -19.5%
1990 -13.3% -30.2%
1989 -11.9% -
1988 -9.63% -
1987 -8.09% -
1986 -8.62% -
1985 -9.56% -
1984 -7.19% -
1983 -6.17% -
1982 -5.49% -
1981 -7.08% -
1980 -2.5% -
1979 -2.34% -
1978 -5.39% -
1977 -5.21% -
1976 -5.05% -
1975 -5.3% -
1974 -4.39% -
1973 -3.71% -
1972 -4.16% -
1971 -3.32% -
1970 -3.24% -
1969 -6.65% -
1968 -3.39% -
1967 -2.59% -
1966 -2.17% -
1965 -2.55% -
1964 -2.89% -
1963 -2.25% -
1962 -2.4% -
1961 -2.69% -
1960 -3.3% -
1959 -2.77% -
1958 -2.27% -
1957 -2.45% -
1956 -0.39% -
1955 -3.57% -
1954 -2.87% -
1953 -3.01% -
1952 -7.21% -
1951 -11.5% -
1950 -12.7% -
1949 -10.4% -
1948 -7.65% -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 0.48% -
1938 1.78% -
1937 1.06% -
1936 0.95% -
1935 0.72% -
1934 0.88% -
1933 -2.79% -
1932 -1.78% -
1931 -4% -
1930 -2.23% -
1929 -18.7% -
1928 -0.27% -
1927 2.65% -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -8.96% -
1912 -7.43% -
1911 -4.61% -
1910 -1.53% -
1909 -2.64% -
1908 -1.54% -
1907 -1.23% -
1906 0.66% -
1905 0.91% -
1904 -0.04% -
1903 -0.22% -
1902 -1.67% -
1901 0.1% -
1900 0.41% -
1899 0.86% -
1898 -34.5% -
1897 -8.46% -
1896 0.82% -
1895 0.37% -
1894 2.91% -
1893 0.14% -
1892 -2.28% -
1891 -6.48% -
1890 -11.2% -
1889 -15.7% -
1888 -3.59% -
1887 -4.88% -
1886 -11.5% -
1885 -12.1% -
1884 -7.16% -
1883 -2.42% -
1882 -1.69% -
1881 -14.5% -
1880 -13.5% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/lebanon | CC BY

In 2023, Greece's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $3.28B, equivalent to 1.35% of GDP. This compares to Lebanon's deficit of $342M, or 1.7% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, Greece recorded a fiscal deficit in 31 of those years, while Lebanon ran a deficit in 34 years. On average, Greece posted an annual deficit equal to 6.72% of GDP, compared to deficit of 13.1% of GDP for Lebanon.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Greece

Lebanon
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Greece Lebanon
2024 2.74% 45.2%
2023 3.46% 221.3%
2022 9.65% 171.2%
2021 1.22% 154.8%
2020 -1.25% 84.9%
2019 0.25% 2.9%
2018 0.63% 6.1%
2017 1.12% 4.5%
2016 -0.83% -0.8%
2015 -1.74% -3.8%
2014 -1.31% 1.1%
2013 -0.92% 5.6%
2012 1.5% 6.6%
2011 3.33% 5%
2010 4.71% 4%
2009 1.21% 1.2%
2008 4.15% 10.7%
2007 2.9% 4.1%
2006 3.2% 4.1%
2005 3.55% -1.4%
2004 2.9% 1.7%
2003 3.53% 1.3%
2002 3.63% 1.8%
2001 3.37% -0.4%
2000 3.15% -0.4%
1999 2.64% 0.2%
1998 4.77% 4.5%
1997 5.54% 7.7%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/lebanon | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Greece has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.4%, compared with 26.6% in Lebanon. In 2024, inflation was 2.74% in Greece and 45.2% in Lebanon.

Top exports between countries

Greece
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $1.27B
Chemicals & pharma $24.5M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $8.58M
Metals $5.14M
Machinery & equipment $5.02M
Wood & paper products $3.57M
Textiles & consumer goods $3.44M
Precious metals & jewellery $1.56M
Animal & marine products $1.55M
Raw agricultural goods $1.19M
Lebanon
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $59.6M
Metals $38.1M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.97M
Machinery & equipment $1.56M
Chemicals & pharma $1.1M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.02M
Wood & paper products $910K
Raw agricultural goods $307K
Miscellaneous $182K
Precious metals & jewellery $25K

Balance of trade

Greece Lebanon
Current account balance
-$18.2B
2024
-$5.64B
2023
Current account balance ranking
182/190
2024
168/190
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
-7.11%
2024
-28.1%
2023
Goods imports
$91.2B
2024
$16.7B
2023
Goods exports
$52.6B
2024
$3.85B
2023
Service imports
$31.1B
2024
$6.63B
2023
Service exports
$55.8B
2024
$7.92B
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
47.7%
2024
73.7%
2023
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
42.1%
2024
30.6%
2023

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Greece Lebanon
Economic freedom 63.2 43.1
Economic freedom ranking 82/197 183/197
Property rights 78 21.8
Government integrity 54.8 23.4
Judicial effectiveness 68 23.8
Tax burden 59.9 90.3
Government spending 24.7 93.3
Fiscal health 78.9 63.4
Business freedom 77.8 47.6
Labor freedom 59.7 48.4
Monetary freedom 72.6 0
Trade freedom 79.4 65.6
Investment freedom 55 20
Financial freedom 50 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Greece
Lebanon
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Greece Lebanon
2026 63.2 43.1
2025 60.6 44.1
2024 55.1 48.3
2023 56.9 45.6
2022 61.5 47.3
2021 60.9 51.4
2020 59.9 51.7
2019 57.7 51.1
2018 57.3 53.2
2017 55 53.3
2016 53.2 59.5
2015 54 59.3
2014 55.7 59.4
2013 55.4 59.5
2012 55.4 60.1
2011 60.3 60.1
2010 62.7 59.5
2009 60.8 58.1
2008 60.6 60
2007 58.7 60.4
2006 60.1 57.5
2005 59 57.2
2004 59.1 56.9
2003 58.8 56.7
2002 59.1 57.1
2001 63.4 61
2000 61 56.1
1999 61 59.1
1998 60.6 59
1997 59.6 63.9
1996 60.5 63.2
1995 61.2 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/lebanon | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Greece is 63.2, ranking 82/197, compared to 43.1 for Lebanon, ranking 183/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Greece Lebanon
Services, % of GDP
68%
2024
42.4%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
15%
2024
2.09%
2023
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.77%
2024
0.97%
2023
GNI, Atlas method
$236B
2024
$21.4B
2023
GNI per capita, PPP
$43,340
2024
$12,420
2023
Total reserves including gold
$15.2B
2024
$33.3B
2024
Total reserves ranking
67/177
2024
54/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$4.52B
2024
-$583M
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$6.74B
2024
$1.84B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.22B
2024
$391M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
22%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
18.8%
2021
27.4%
2012
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
18.3%
2024
1.9%
2023

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/greece/lebanon | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.