The latest officially reported population of Estonia was 1,372,341 in 2024 vs 83,516,593 people in Germany in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Estonia's population is 1,339,590 people compared to 82,575,542 in Germany.
Population statistics:
- Germany's population is 61.6 times bigger than Estonia's.
- Estonia is ranked the 155th most populous country in the world, while Germany is the 19th.
- The countries together account for 1.01% of the world: 0.02% for Estonia vs 1% for Germany.
- For the last 10 years, Estonia has had an average growth rate of +0.37% per year vs +0.32% in Germany.
- Since 2006, the population of Estonia has decreased from 1.35M people to 1.34M (0.54% decline), while Germany has grown from 82.4M to 82.6M (0.24% growth).
Estonia vs Germany: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Estonia
|
Germany
|
|
| 2100 | 831,394 | 69,929,981 |
| 2099 | 836,965 | 69,956,854 |
| 2098 | 842,414 | 69,973,838 |
| 2097 | 847,873 | 70,015,834 |
| 2096 | 853,472 | 70,046,713 |
| 2095 | 859,044 | 70,067,131 |
| 2094 | 864,547 | 70,085,911 |
| 2093 | 870,136 | 70,106,718 |
| 2092 | 875,676 | 70,132,132 |
| 2091 | 881,282 | 70,178,440 |
| 2090 | 887,028 | 70,240,137 |
| 2089 | 892,857 | 70,294,005 |
| 2088 | 898,736 | 70,352,443 |
| 2087 | 904,914 | 70,434,814 |
| 2086 | 911,254 | 70,532,124 |
| 2085 | 917,722 | 70,627,602 |
| 2084 | 924,458 | 70,722,960 |
| 2083 | 931,259 | 70,829,392 |
| 2082 | 938,110 | 70,932,273 |
| 2081 | 944,978 | 71,045,881 |
| 2080 | 952,018 | 71,171,519 |
| 2079 | 959,194 | 71,305,544 |
| 2078 | 966,496 | 71,445,484 |
| 2077 | 973,883 | 71,601,117 |
| 2076 | 981,283 | 71,757,525 |
| 2075 | 988,735 | 71,891,567 |
| 2074 | 996,352 | 72,046,795 |
| 2073 | 1,004,078 | 72,206,145 |
| 2072 | 1,011,873 | 72,356,324 |
| 2071 | 1,019,779 | 72,517,749 |
| 2070 | 1,027,821 | 72,664,462 |
| 2069 | 1,035,828 | 72,828,330 |
| 2068 | 1,043,819 | 72,993,859 |
| 2067 | 1,051,892 | 73,178,408 |
| 2066 | 1,059,940 | 73,370,207 |
| 2065 | 1,068,064 | 73,561,648 |
| 2064 | 1,076,199 | 73,762,096 |
| 2063 | 1,084,303 | 73,971,537 |
| 2062 | 1,092,418 | 74,198,775 |
| 2061 | 1,100,514 | 74,426,082 |
| 2060 | 1,108,650 | 74,678,280 |
| 2059 | 1,116,534 | 74,932,496 |
| 2058 | 1,124,375 | 75,206,278 |
| 2057 | 1,132,033 | 75,482,742 |
| 2056 | 1,139,610 | 75,756,281 |
| 2055 | 1,147,117 | 76,041,477 |
| 2054 | 1,154,317 | 76,325,196 |
| 2053 | 1,161,452 | 76,595,801 |
| 2052 | 1,168,381 | 76,839,962 |
| 2051 | 1,175,291 | 77,084,029 |
| 2050 | 1,182,029 | 77,325,459 |
| 2049 | 1,188,633 | 77,569,721 |
| 2048 | 1,194,960 | 77,818,888 |
| 2047 | 1,201,294 | 78,049,343 |
| 2046 | 1,207,577 | 78,272,834 |
| 2045 | 1,213,815 | 78,497,690 |
| 2044 | 1,220,042 | 78,722,126 |
| 2043 | 1,226,162 | 78,936,540 |
| 2042 | 1,232,282 | 79,130,312 |
| 2041 | 1,238,386 | 79,324,161 |
| 2040 | 1,244,441 | 79,536,735 |
| 2039 | 1,250,581 | 79,754,631 |
| 2038 | 1,256,780 | 79,978,474 |
| 2037 | 1,263,149 | 80,194,225 |
| 2036 | 1,269,700 | 80,425,162 |
| 2035 | 1,276,331 | 80,640,951 |
| 2034 | 1,283,159 | 80,844,719 |
| 2033 | 1,290,037 | 81,069,119 |
| 2032 | 1,297,036 | 81,286,326 |
| 2031 | 1,304,102 | 81,520,272 |
| 2030 | 1,311,189 | 81,736,996 |
| 2029 | 1,318,225 | 81,963,002 |
| 2028 | 1,325,354 | 82,178,048 |
| 2027 | 1,332,492 | 82,384,302 |
| 2026 | 1,339,590 | 82,575,542 |
| 2025 | 1,358,931 | 83,233,941 |
| 2024 | 1,372,341 | 83,516,593 |
| 2023 | 1,370,286 | 83,287,273 |
| 2022 | 1,348,840 | 83,177,813 |
| 2021 | 1,330,932 | 83,196,078 |
| 2020 | 1,329,522 | 83,160,871 |
| 2019 | 1,326,898 | 83,092,962 |
| 2018 | 1,321,977 | 82,905,782 |
| 2017 | 1,317,384 | 82,657,002 |
| 2016 | 1,315,790 | 82,348,669 |
| 2015 | 1,315,407 | 81,686,611 |
| 2014 | 1,314,545 | 80,982,500 |
| 2013 | 1,317,997 | 80,645,605 |
| 2012 | 1,322,696 | 80,425,823 |
| 2011 | 1,327,439 | 80,274,983 |
| 2010 | 1,331,475 | 81,776,930 |
| 2009 | 1,334,515 | 81,902,307 |
| 2008 | 1,337,090 | 82,110,097 |
| 2007 | 1,340,680 | 82,266,372 |
| 2006 | 1,346,810 | 82,376,451 |
| 2005 | 1,354,775 | 82,469,422 |
| 2004 | 1,362,550 | 82,516,260 |
| 2003 | 1,370,720 | 82,534,176 |
| 2002 | 1,379,350 | 82,488,495 |
| 2001 | 1,388,115 | 82,349,925 |
| 2000 | 1,396,985 | 82,211,508 |
| 1999 | 1,390,244 | 82,100,243 |
| 1998 | 1,386,156 | 82,047,195 |
| 1997 | 1,399,535 | 82,034,771 |
| 1996 | 1,415,594 | 81,914,831 |
| 1995 | 1,436,634 | 81,678,051 |
| 1994 | 1,462,514 | 81,438,348 |
| 1993 | 1,494,128 | 81,156,363 |
| 1992 | 1,533,091 | 80,624,598 |
| 1991 | 1,561,314 | 80,013,896 |
| 1990 | 1,569,174 | 79,433,029 |
| 1989 | 1,568,131 | 78,751,283 |
| 1988 | 1,561,900 | 78,144,619 |
| 1987 | 1,552,221 | 77,839,920 |
| 1986 | 1,540,190 | 77,720,436 |
| 1985 | 1,528,781 | 77,684,873 |
| 1984 | 1,518,617 | 77,858,685 |
| 1983 | 1,508,745 | 78,128,282 |
| 1982 | 1,498,414 | 78,333,366 |
| 1981 | 1,487,666 | 78,407,907 |
| 1980 | 1,477,219 | 78,288,576 |
| 1979 | 1,468,333 | 78,126,350 |
| 1978 | 1,460,188 | 78,091,820 |
| 1977 | 1,450,211 | 78,159,814 |
| 1976 | 1,439,576 | 78,336,950 |
| 1975 | 1,429,352 | 78,673,554 |
| 1974 | 1,418,169 | 78,967,433 |
| 1973 | 1,405,951 | 78,936,666 |
| 1972 | 1,392,518 | 78,688,452 |
| 1971 | 1,376,955 | 78,312,842 |
| 1970 | 1,360,076 | 78,169,289 |
| 1969 | 1,345,249 | 77,909,682 |
| 1968 | 1,331,214 | 77,294,314 |
| 1967 | 1,318,946 | 76,951,336 |
| 1966 | 1,308,597 | 76,600,311 |
| 1965 | 1,294,566 | 75,963,695 |
| 1964 | 1,277,086 | 75,318,337 |
| 1963 | 1,258,857 | 74,714,353 |
| 1962 | 1,241,623 | 74,025,784 |
| 1961 | 1,225,077 | 73,377,632 |
| 1960 | 1,211,537 | 72,814,900 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/estonia/germany | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Estonia decreased by 31,020 people (a 2.3% decline), while Germany lost 27,782 people (a 0.03% decline).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Estonia gained 23,800 people (a 1.81% growth), while Germany's population increased by 226,873 people (a 0.28% growth).
Estonia was ranked 149th most populous country in 2006 and is 155th in 2026. Germany was ranked 14th in 2006 and ranked 19th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Estonia's population will shrink by 11.8% to 1,182,029 people with a rank change from 155th to 159th. The population of Germany will decrease by 6.36% to 77,325,459 people and rank change from 19th to 25th.
Both countries are in a period of decline and in 50 years are projected to lose 26.7% of the population in Estonia and 13.1% in Germany.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
Germany
|
|
| 2100 | -0.67% | -0.04% |
| 2099 | -0.65% | -0.02% |
| 2098 | -0.64% | -0.06% |
| 2097 | -0.66% | -0.04% |
| 2096 | -0.65% | -0.03% |
| 2095 | -0.64% | -0.03% |
| 2094 | -0.64% | -0.03% |
| 2093 | -0.63% | -0.04% |
| 2092 | -0.64% | -0.07% |
| 2091 | -0.65% | -0.09% |
| 2090 | -0.65% | -0.08% |
| 2089 | -0.65% | -0.08% |
| 2088 | -0.68% | -0.12% |
| 2087 | -0.7% | -0.14% |
| 2086 | -0.7% | -0.14% |
| 2085 | -0.73% | -0.13% |
| 2084 | -0.73% | -0.15% |
| 2083 | -0.73% | -0.15% |
| 2082 | -0.73% | -0.16% |
| 2081 | -0.74% | -0.18% |
| 2080 | -0.75% | -0.19% |
| 2079 | -0.76% | -0.2% |
| 2078 | -0.76% | -0.22% |
| 2077 | -0.75% | -0.22% |
| 2076 | -0.75% | -0.19% |
| 2075 | -0.76% | -0.22% |
| 2074 | -0.77% | -0.22% |
| 2073 | -0.77% | -0.21% |
| 2072 | -0.78% | -0.22% |
| 2071 | -0.78% | -0.2% |
| 2070 | -0.77% | -0.23% |
| 2069 | -0.77% | -0.23% |
| 2068 | -0.77% | -0.25% |
| 2067 | -0.76% | -0.26% |
| 2066 | -0.76% | -0.26% |
| 2065 | -0.76% | -0.27% |
| 2064 | -0.75% | -0.28% |
| 2063 | -0.74% | -0.31% |
| 2062 | -0.74% | -0.31% |
| 2061 | -0.73% | -0.34% |
| 2060 | -0.71% | -0.34% |
| 2059 | -0.7% | -0.36% |
| 2058 | -0.68% | -0.37% |
| 2057 | -0.66% | -0.36% |
| 2056 | -0.65% | -0.38% |
| 2055 | -0.62% | -0.37% |
| 2054 | -0.61% | -0.35% |
| 2053 | -0.59% | -0.32% |
| 2052 | -0.59% | -0.32% |
| 2051 | -0.57% | -0.31% |
| 2050 | -0.56% | -0.31% |
| 2049 | -0.53% | -0.32% |
| 2048 | -0.53% | -0.3% |
| 2047 | -0.52% | -0.29% |
| 2046 | -0.51% | -0.29% |
| 2045 | -0.51% | -0.29% |
| 2044 | -0.5% | -0.27% |
| 2043 | -0.5% | -0.24% |
| 2042 | -0.49% | -0.24% |
| 2041 | -0.49% | -0.27% |
| 2040 | -0.49% | -0.27% |
| 2039 | -0.49% | -0.28% |
| 2038 | -0.5% | -0.27% |
| 2037 | -0.52% | -0.29% |
| 2036 | -0.52% | -0.27% |
| 2035 | -0.53% | -0.25% |
| 2034 | -0.53% | -0.28% |
| 2033 | -0.54% | -0.27% |
| 2032 | -0.54% | -0.29% |
| 2031 | -0.54% | -0.27% |
| 2030 | -0.53% | -0.28% |
| 2029 | -0.54% | -0.26% |
| 2028 | -0.54% | -0.25% |
| 2027 | -0.53% | -0.23% |
| 2026 | -1.42% | -0.79% |
| 2025 | -0.98% | -0.34% |
| 2024 | 0.15% | 0.28% |
| 2023 | 1.59% | 0.13% |
| 2022 | 1.35% | -0.02% |
| 2021 | 0.11% | 0.04% |
| 2020 | 0.2% | 0.08% |
| 2019 | 0.37% | 0.23% |
| 2018 | 0.35% | 0.3% |
| 2017 | 0.12% | 0.37% |
| 2016 | 0.03% | 0.81% |
| 2015 | 0.07% | 0.87% |
| 2014 | -0.26% | 0.42% |
| 2013 | -0.36% | 0.27% |
| 2012 | -0.36% | 0.19% |
| 2011 | -0.3% | -1.84% |
| 2010 | -0.23% | -0.15% |
| 2009 | -0.19% | -0.25% |
| 2008 | -0.27% | -0.19% |
| 2007 | -0.46% | -0.13% |
| 2006 | -0.59% | -0.11% |
| 2005 | -0.57% | -0.06% |
| 2004 | -0.6% | -0.02% |
| 2003 | -0.63% | 0.06% |
| 2002 | -0.63% | 0.17% |
| 2001 | -0.63% | 0.17% |
| 2000 | 0.48% | 0.14% |
| 1999 | 0.29% | 0.06% |
| 1998 | -0.96% | 0.02% |
| 1997 | -1.13% | 0.15% |
| 1996 | -1.46% | 0.29% |
| 1995 | -1.77% | 0.29% |
| 1994 | -2.12% | 0.35% |
| 1993 | -2.54% | 0.66% |
| 1992 | -1.81% | 0.76% |
| 1991 | -0.5% | 0.73% |
| 1990 | 0.07% | 0.87% |
| 1989 | 0.4% | 0.78% |
| 1988 | 0.62% | 0.39% |
| 1987 | 0.78% | 0.15% |
| 1986 | 0.75% | 0.05% |
| 1985 | 0.67% | -0.22% |
| 1984 | 0.65% | -0.35% |
| 1983 | 0.69% | -0.26% |
| 1982 | 0.72% | -0.1% |
| 1981 | 0.71% | 0.15% |
| 1980 | 0.61% | 0.21% |
| 1979 | 0.56% | 0.04% |
| 1978 | 0.69% | -0.09% |
| 1977 | 0.74% | -0.23% |
| 1976 | 0.72% | -0.43% |
| 1975 | 0.79% | -0.37% |
| 1974 | 0.87% | 0.04% |
| 1973 | 0.96% | 0.32% |
| 1972 | 1.13% | 0.48% |
| 1971 | 1.24% | 0.18% |
| 1970 | 1.1% | 0.33% |
| 1969 | 1.05% | 0.8% |
| 1968 | 0.93% | 0.45% |
| 1967 | 0.79% | 0.46% |
| 1966 | 1.08% | 0.84% |
| 1965 | 1.37% | 0.86% |
| 1964 | 1.45% | 0.81% |
| 1963 | 1.39% | 0.93% |
| 1962 | 1.35% | 0.88% |
| 1961 | 1.12% | 0.77% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/estonia/germany | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Estonia grew by 0.15%, while Germany's population grew by 0.28%.
Live population counters
|
Estonia
|
Germany
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
1339590
|
82575542
|
| Population rank | 155/197 | 19/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.02% | 1% |
| One net population change |
4.26 hours
|
2.29 minutes
|
| One birth every |
47.9 minutes
|
45.6 seconds
|
| One death every |
32.8 minutes
|
30.8 seconds
|
| Daily growth/decline | +6 | +628 |
| Annual growth/decline | +2,055 | +229,320 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.15% | +0.28% |
| Population growth rate rank | 158/197 | 151/197 |
| One migration net change every |
39.5 minutes
|
1.58 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -13,350 | -334,072 |
| Net migration rank | 141/196 | 192/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 203,046 | 16,750,084 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 110/195 | 2/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 14.9% | 19.8% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 43/195 | 31/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
Germany
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -13,350 | - | -334,072 |
| 2024 | - | -7,742 | - | 36,954 |
| 2023 | -5,070 | 5,717 | -333,149 | 609,553 |
| 2022 | -5,665 | 39,754 | -324,394 | 981,552 |
| 2021 | -5,324 | 7,043 | -224,629 | 310,264 |
| 2020 | -2,659 | 3,694 | -216,218 | 203,468 |
| 2019 | -1,327 | 5,386 | -157,877 | 319,082 |
| 2018 | -1,322 | 7,089 | -165,812 | 403,908 |
| 2017 | -1,713 | 5,202 | -148,783 | 452,988 |
| 2016 | -1,316 | 1,081 | -123,523 | 517,480 |
| 2015 | -1,315 | 4,261 | -187,879 | 1,175,283 |
| 2014 | -1,972 | -674 | -153,866 | 592,338 |
| 2013 | -1,713 | -2,688 | -209,679 | 462,384 |
| 2012 | -1,455 | -3,674 | -193,022 | 199,143 |
| 2011 | -531 | -3,941 | -184,632 | 295,282 |
| 2010 | 0 | -3,781 | -179,909 | 130,116 |
| 2009 | -400 | -2,089 | -188,375 | 46,533 |
| 2008 | -668 | -2,034 | -164,220 | -23,341 |
| 2007 | -1,608 | -2,941 | -148,080 | -24,772 |
| 2006 | -2,559 | -5,351 | -148,278 | -489,056 |
| 2005 | -2,981 | -5,208 | -148,445 | 81,351 |
| 2004 | -3,679 | -3,681 | -107,271 | 81,735 |
| 2003 | -5,072 | -3,705 | -140,309 | 142,009 |
| 2002 | -5,380 | -2,889 | -123,733 | 218,795 |
| 2001 | -5,830 | -3,280 | -98,820 | 272,875 |
| 2000 | -5,309 | -3,083 | -73,990 | 174,594 |
| 1999 | -6,117 | 1,419 | -73,890 | 219,280 |
| 1998 | -7,208 | -3,296 | -65,637 | -754,469 |
| 1997 | -6,018 | -4,066 | -49,221 | 93,281 |
| 1996 | -5,662 | -10,540 | -90,107 | 281,280 |
| 1995 | -7,327 | -12,655 | -114,349 | 398,077 |
| 1994 | -8,044 | -17,984 | -114,013 | 315,585 |
| 1993 | -5,976 | -25,501 | -105,503 | 462,096 |
| 1992 | -1,993 | -38,391 | -80,625 | 811,606 |
| 1991 | -312 | -9,712 | -80,014 | 602,638 |
| 1990 | 2,825 | -2,660 | -15,887 | 679,702 |
| 1989 | 5,803 | -368 | -23,625 | 761,002 |
| 1988 | 6,404 | 5,256 | -7,815 | 515,962 |
| 1987 | 6,829 | 5,389 | -31,136 | 174,272 |
| 1986 | 6,160 | 5,260 | -77,721 | 212,822 |
| 1985 | 4,281 | 5,097 | -116,527 | 103,556 |
| 1984 | 5,163 | 5,006 | -109,002 | -150,771 |
| 1983 | 5,884 | 4,986 | -109,380 | -81,349 |
| 1982 | 5,244 | 4,832 | -78,333 | -58,121 |
| 1981 | 4,612 | 4,789 | -94,090 | 130,713 |
| 1980 | 3,989 | 4,619 | -86,117 | 324,203 |
| 1979 | 3,818 | 4,521 | -125,002 | 237,705 |
| 1978 | 4,088 | 7,234 | -140,566 | 117,167 |
| 1977 | 4,931 | 7,189 | -125,055 | 33,881 |
| 1976 | 4,319 | 6,942 | -164,508 | -79,761 |
| 1975 | 4,717 | 6,737 | -212,418 | -207,740 |
| 1974 | 5,956 | 6,594 | -150,038 | -15,126 |
| 1973 | 5,623 | 6,488 | -149,980 | 386,881 |
| 1972 | 6,267 | 6,432 | -62,950 | 336,015 |
| 1971 | 7,160 | 6,392 | 46,988 | 450,328 |
| 1970 | 6,257 | 6,158 | 70,352 | -273,498 |
| 1969 | 5,515 | 8,650 | 155,820 | 584,017 |
| 1968 | 5,592 | 9,403 | 239,612 | 293,307 |
| 1967 | 5,012 | 9,115 | 353,977 | -174,155 |
| 1966 | 4,842 | 8,998 | 405,982 | 134,107 |
| 1965 | 5,437 | 8,851 | 410,204 | 338,258 |
| 1964 | 6,897 | 8,734 | 482,038 | 69,825 |
| 1963 | 6,043 | 8,410 | 455,757 | 205,976 |
| 1962 | 6,457 | 8,248 | 436,752 | 276,505 |
| 1961 | 7,228 | 7,991 | 462,279 | 27,534 |
| 1960 | 7,511 | 7,762 | 385,919 | 212,666 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/estonia/germany | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 26.1% of the population change in Estonia is from natural causes (a loss of 27,683 people) and 73.9% is from migration (a gain of 78,553 people). In Germany 26.8% is from natural causes (a loss of 2,036,130 people) and 73.2% is from migration (a gain of 5,565,916 people).
As of 2024, 203,046 residents or 14.9% of the population were not native-born in Estonia, compared to 16,750,084 people or 19.8% in Germany.
Biggest cities by population
|
Estonia
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Tallinn | 458K |
| Tartu | 97.8K |
| Narva | 53.4K |
| Parnu | 41.5K |
| Kohtla-Jarve | 33.4K |
| Viljandi | 17.3K |
| Maardu | 17K |
| Rakvere | 15.7K |
| Kuressaare | 13.2K |
| Sillamae | 12.4K |
|
Germany
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Berlin | 3.78M |
| Hamburg | 1.91M |
| Munich | 1.51M |
| Cologne | 1.09M |
| Frankfurt | 776K |
| Stuttgart | 633K |
| Dusseldorf | 631K |
| Leipzig | 620K |
| Dortmund | 595K |
| Essen | 587K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Estonia and Germany
|
Estonia
|
Germany
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 79.6 years | 81.9 years |
| Average age | 43.1 years | 45 years |
| Median age | 43.3 years | 46.3 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 47.5:52.5 | 49.4:50.6 |
| Fertility rate | 1.31 births per woman | 1.39 births per woman |
| Population density | 81.2 ppl/mi² | 612 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/estonia/germany | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.