Fertility & birth rates in Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan

Fertility rate in Kazakhstan vs Turkmenistan by year

Chart Table

Kazakhstan

Turkmenistan

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Kazakhstan	Turkmenistan
2023	3.01	2.69
2022	3.05	2.73
2021	3.32	2.75
2020	3.13	2.79
2019	2.89	2.83
2018	2.85	2.88
2017	2.75	2.93
2016	2.8	2.99
2015	2.76	3.03
2014	2.76	3.02
2013	2.67	3.01
2012	2.64	2.96
2011	2.61	2.9
2010	2.61	2.85
2009	2.58	2.79
2008	2.62	2.75
2007	2.49	2.73
2006	2.38	2.72
2005	2.27	2.71
2004	2.2	2.67
2003	2.08	2.67
2002	1.96	2.71
2001	1.91	2.81
2000	1.9	2.9
1999	1.9	2.98
1998	1.94	3.08
1997	1.97	3.18
1996	2.08	3.29
1995	2.25	3.49
1994	2.38	3.62
1993	2.48	3.78
1992	2.58	3.96
1991	2.68	4.14
1990	2.75	4.29
1989	2.87	4.46
1988	3	4.68
1987	3.12	4.84
1986	3.19	4.94
1985	3.21	4.97
1984	3.15	4.96
1983	3.07	4.97
1982	3.02	5.04
1981	3.05	5.16
1980	3.09	5.3
1979	3.14	5.46
1978	3.16	5.61
1977	3.26	5.77
1976	3.33	5.9
1975	3.4	6
1974	3.45	6.09
1973	3.51	6.15
1972	3.55	6.2
1971	3.53	6.32
1970	3.51	6.4
1969	3.51	6.48
1968	3.63	6.56
1967	3.77	6.64
1966	3.82	6.7
1965	3.88	6.76
1964	4.07	6.79
1963	4.26	6.79
1962	4.36	6.76
1961	4.42	6.69
1960	4.5	6.59

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Kazakhstan was 3.01 children per woman in 2023, compared to 2.69 in Turkmenistan in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Kazakhstan vs Turkmenistan population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Kazakhstan

Turkmenistan

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Kazakhstan	Turkmenistan
2023	273,013	117,529
2022	277,019	121,814
2021	269,026	122,721
2020	272,458	124,014
2019	278,788	128,275
2018	278,917	129,537
2017	268,066	131,417
2016	277,878	132,581
2015	273,523	132,663
2014	274,406	129,677
2013	259,239	126,217
2012	249,987	120,957
2011	237,883	115,197
2010	230,479	109,318
2009	218,036	102,931
2008	214,169	96,815
2007	188,486	92,038
2006	166,480	87,840
2005	146,619	83,968
2004	132,286	79,850
2003	112,137	76,737
2002	93,564	75,639
2001	84,279	76,682
2000	80,699	76,875
1999	79,536	76,362
1998	85,735	77,342
1997	92,778	79,045
1996	112,384	80,996
1995	140,721	86,289
1994	165,631	89,319
1993	185,649	92,596
1992	204,785	96,668
1991	221,581	99,297
1990	235,113	101,099
1989	254,394	103,553
1988	275,278	104,802
1987	290,227	103,885
1986	295,818	100,930
1985	293,834	95,890
1984	278,485	90,591
1983	260,471	85,183
1982	246,983	80,989
1981	243,652	77,829
1980	238,977	74,394
1979	237,442	71,135
1978	225,895	68,437
1977	224,284	66,318
1976	221,992	64,513
1975	219,748	62,681
1974	217,668	60,925
1973	215,940	59,169
1972	212,319	57,326
1971	202,450	56,666
1970	191,775	55,617
1969	184,118	54,791
1968	186,254	54,324
1967	191,536	54,209
1966	191,506	54,353
1965	194,470	54,558
1964	208,899	54,574
1963	223,105	54,203
1962	228,177	53,248
1961	228,686	51,659
1960	226,027	49,436

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +1.34% in Kazakhstan and +1.6% in Turkmenistan.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +1.44% in Kazakhstan and +1.9% in Turkmenistan.

Birth rate in Kazakhstan vs Turkmenistan by year

Chart Table

Kazakhstan

Turkmenistan

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Kazakhstan	Turkmenistan
2023	20.1	21.7
2022	20.8	22.6
2021	23.3	23.3
2020	22.6	24.1
2019	21.4	24.8
2018	21.7	25.5
2017	21.4	26.3
2016	22.3	26.9
2015	22.5	27.5
2014	23	27.5
2013	22.6	27.4
2012	22.6	26.9
2011	22.5	26.3
2010	22.6	25.7
2009	22.4	25.1
2008	22.7	24.4
2007	21.5	24
2006	20.5	23.7
2005	19.4	23.3
2004	18.7	22.8
2003	17.5	22.4
2002	16.4	22.6
2001	15.9	23.2
2000	15.8	23.7
1999	15.8	24.1
1998	16.3	24.9
1997	16.5	25.7
1996	17.4	26.6
1995	18.7	28.3
1994	19.8	29.5
1993	20.5	30.8
1992	21.4	32.4
1991	22.2	33.7
1990	23	34.9
1989	24.2	36.5
1988	25.7	37.8
1987	27	38.6
1986	27.8	38.9
1985	28.2	38.4
1984	27.6	37.8
1983	26.9	37
1982	26.4	36.5
1981	26.6	36.5
1980	26.7	36.4
1979	25.7	36.4
1978	25.2	36.5
1977	25.5	36.7
1976	25.7	36.8
1975	25.9	36.8
1974	26.2	36.9
1973	26.4	37
1972	26.5	37.1
1971	26.2	37.7
1970	25.7	38.2
1969	25.5	38.8
1968	26.2	39.7
1967	27.3	40.8
1966	27.9	42.2
1965	28.9	43.6
1964	31.1	45
1963	33.4	46.2
1962	34.9	47.1
1961	36	47.5
1960	36.8	47.4

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 20.1 in Kazakhstan and 21.7 in Turkmenistan, compared with 36.8 and 47.4, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Kazakhstan

Factual

UN forecast

Turkmenistan

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Kazakhstan	Turkmenistan
2100	17.5%	15.5%
2099	17.6%	15.6%
2098	17.7%	15.7%
2097	17.8%	15.8%
2096	18%	15.9%
2095	18.1%	16%
2094	18.3%	16.2%
2093	18.4%	16.3%
2092	18.6%	16.5%
2091	18.8%	16.6%
2090	18.9%	16.8%
2089	19.1%	16.9%
2088	19.2%	17.1%
2087	19.4%	17.2%
2086	19.5%	17.4%
2085	19.6%	17.5%
2084	19.8%	17.7%
2083	19.9%	17.8%
2082	20%	17.9%
2081	20%	18%
2080	20.1%	18%
2079	20.2%	18.1%
2078	20.3%	18.2%
2077	20.3%	18.2%
2076	20.4%	18.2%
2075	20.5%	18.3%
2074	20.6%	18.3%
2073	20.7%	18.4%
2072	20.8%	18.4%
2071	20.9%	18.5%
2070	21%	18.6%
2069	21.2%	18.7%
2068	21.4%	18.9%
2067	21.5%	19%
2066	21.7%	19.2%
2065	22%	19.5%
2064	22.2%	19.7%
2063	22.4%	20%
2062	22.7%	20.2%
2061	22.9%	20.5%
2060	23.2%	20.8%
2059	23.4%	21.1%
2058	23.7%	21.4%
2057	23.9%	21.7%
2056	24.1%	22%
2055	24.3%	22.2%
2054	24.4%	22.4%
2053	24.5%	22.6%
2052	24.6%	22.8%
2051	24.7%	22.9%
2050	24.7%	23%
2049	24.7%	23%
2048	24.7%	23%
2047	24.7%	23%
2046	24.7%	23%
2045	24.6%	23%
2044	24.6%	23%
2043	24.5%	23.1%
2042	24.5%	23.2%
2041	24.6%	23.3%
2040	24.6%	23.5%
2039	24.7%	23.8%
2038	24.9%	24.2%
2037	25.2%	24.6%
2036	25.6%	25%
2035	25.9%	25.5%
2034	26.3%	26.1%
2033	26.6%	26.7%
2032	27%	27.4%
2031	27.3%	28.1%
2030	27.7%	28.7%
2029	28%	29.4%
2028	28.4%	30%
2027	28.7%	30.6%
2026	29%	31%
2025	29.3%	31.4%
2024	29.4%	31.5%
2023	29.5%	31.7%
2022	29.6%	31.7%
2021	29.5%	31.5%
2020	29.2%	31.2%
2019	29%	30.9%
2018	28.8%	30.5%
2017	28.5%	30.2%
2016	28.1%	29.9%
2015	27.7%	29.7%
2014	27.2%	29.6%
2013	26.7%	29.6%
2012	26.2%	29.7%
2011	25.7%	30%
2010	25.4%	30.3%
2009	25.1%	30.8%
2008	24.9%	31.3%
2007	24.7%	31.9%
2006	24.7%	32.6%
2005	24.8%	33.3%
2004	25.1%	34%
2003	25.6%	34.8%
2002	26.2%	35.6%
2001	26.9%	36.4%
2000	27.6%	37.3%
1999	28.3%	38.1%
1998	29%	38.9%
1997	29.6%	39.6%
1996	30.1%	40.2%
1995	30.5%	40.5%
1994	30.8%	40.8%
1993	31.1%	41%
1992	31.4%	41.1%
1991	31.6%	41.2%
1990	31.7%	41.2%
1989	31.9%	41.2%
1988	32.1%	41.1%
1987	32.4%	41%
1986	32.6%	40.8%
1985	32.6%	40.7%
1984	32.6%	40.7%
1983	32.6%	40.7%
1982	32.7%	40.8%
1981	32.8%	41%
1980	33%	41.3%
1979	32.9%	41.6%
1978	32.8%	42.1%
1977	33.1%	42.5%
1976	33.3%	43%
1975	33.6%	43.4%
1974	34.1%	43.9%
1973	34.7%	44.4%
1972	35.2%	44.8%
1971	35.6%	45.1%
1970	36.1%	45.4%
1969	36.5%	45.5%
1968	37%	45.6%
1967	37.4%	45.4%
1966	37.8%	45.2%
1965	38.1%	44.9%
1964	38.4%	44.5%
1963	38.5%	43.8%
1962	38.4%	42.8%
1961	38%	41.7%
1960	37.2%	40.4%

Children aged 0-14 make up 29.4% of the population in Kazakhstan and 31.5% in Turkmenistan in 2024, compared to 31.7% and 41.2% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Kazakhstan vs Turkmenistan

Chart Table

Kazakhstan

Turkmenistan

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Kazakhstan	Turkmenistan
2023	10	5
2022	14	5
2021	23	6
2020	18	5
2019	11	5
2018	11	5
2017	12	5
2016	12	6
2015	13	6
2014	14	6
2013	15	7
2012	17	7
2011	19	8
2010	22	9
2009	25	10
2008	28	11
2007	32	13
2006	35	14
2005	38	15
2004	41	17
2003	45	18
2002	48	20
2001	53	22
2000	58	25
1999	63	29
1998	68	34
1997	71	40
1996	72	46
1995	72	50
1994	70	54
1993	67	56
1992	65	58
1991	64	60
1990	64	62
1989	64	65
1988	65	69
1987	66	72
1986	67	75
1985	68	77

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 10 deaths per 100,000 live births in Kazakhstan, compared to 5 deaths in Turkmenistan.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Kazakhstan

Turkmenistan

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Kazakhstan	Turkmenistan
2023	0.96%	4%
2022	0.98%	4.1%
2021	1%	4.18%
2020	1.01%	4.26%
2019	1.02%	4.33%
2018	1.03%	4.36%
2017	1.05%	4.37%
2016	1.1%	4.33%
2015	1.19%	4.29%
2014	1.3%	4.25%
2013	1.46%	4.25%
2012	1.63%	4.25%
2011	1.83%	4.29%
2010	2.04%	4.36%
2009	2.25%	4.45%
2008	2.47%	4.6%
2007	2.69%	4.77%
2006	2.9%	4.99%
2005	3.12%	5.25%
2004	3.33%	5.56%
2003	3.54%	5.88%
2002	3.76%	6.24%
2001	3.99%	6.61%
2000	4.25%	6.97%
1999	4.51%	7.31%
1998	4.76%	7.59%
1997	4.99%	7.79%
1996	5.16%	7.9%
1995	5.26%	7.94%
1994	5.28%	7.92%
1993	5.23%	7.87%
1992	5.16%	7.83%
1991	5.13%	7.83%
1990	5.16%	7.91%
1989	5.23%	8.09%
1988	5.37%	8.36%
1987	5.54%	8.7%
1986	5.73%	9.08%
1985	5.94%	9.51%
1984	6.16%	9.98%
1983	6.38%	10.5%
1982	6.6%	10.9%
1981	6.83%	11.4%
1980	7.05%	11.9%
1979	7.24%	12.3%
1978	7.39%	12.8%
1977	7.53%	13.2%
1976	7.66%	-
1975	7.8%	-
1974	7.96%	-
1973	8.14%	-
1972	8.33%	-
1971	8.54%	-

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.96% in Kazakhstan and 4% in Turkmenistan. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.