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Population in Kazakhstan compared to Turkmenistan: Trends, Charts, Rankings

Updated on by Georank

The latest officially reported population of Kazakhstan was 20,843,754 in 2025 vs 7,618,847 people in Turkmenistan in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Kazakhstan's population is 21,211,812 people compared to 7,800,189 in Turkmenistan.

Population statistics:

  • Kazakhstan's population is 2.72 times bigger than Turkmenistan's.
  • Kazakhstan is ranked the 65th most populous country in the world, while Turkmenistan is the 104th.
  • The countries together account for 0.35% of the world: 0.26% for Kazakhstan vs 0.09% for Turkmenistan.
  • For the last 10 years, Kazakhstan has had an average growth rate of +1.44% per year vs +2.08% in Turkmenistan.
  • Since 2006, the population of Kazakhstan has increased from 16.1M people to 21.2M (31.7% growth), while Turkmenistan has grown from 5.15M to 7.8M (51.5% growth).

Kazakhstan vs Turkmenistan: population by year and forecast

Kazakhstan
Factual

Projection
Turkmenistan
Factual

Projection
1x
Year Population
Kazakhstan Turkmenistan
2100 33,837,050 10,041,228
2099 33,761,154 10,070,007
2098 33,683,919 10,097,571
2097 33,603,915 10,123,813
2096 33,512,477 10,148,560
2095 33,413,253 10,172,371
2094 33,314,594 10,194,567
2093 33,213,155 10,215,533
2092 33,116,688 10,235,132
2091 33,013,240 10,253,189
2090 32,907,211 10,270,414
2089 32,798,108 10,285,963
2088 32,686,460 10,300,439
2087 32,563,627 10,313,629
2086 32,439,780 10,325,212
2085 32,315,125 10,335,299
2084 32,187,026 10,343,821
2083 32,051,485 10,350,710
2082 31,925,242 10,356,526
2081 31,787,284 10,360,689
2080 31,648,962 10,363,394
2079 31,514,214 10,364,229
2078 31,366,796 10,363,113
2077 31,219,906 10,360,467
2076 31,072,192 10,356,079
2075 30,923,546 10,349,863
2074 30,771,280 10,342,496
2073 30,625,478 10,333,532
2072 30,477,563 10,322,776
2071 30,326,181 10,310,748
2070 30,173,109 10,297,702
2069 30,013,948 10,283,723
2068 29,862,364 10,268,779
2067 29,712,186 10,252,681
2066 29,557,994 10,235,535
2065 29,396,139 10,217,603
2064 29,235,466 10,198,228
2063 29,071,908 10,177,447
2062 28,907,357 10,155,121
2061 28,738,535 10,131,160
2060 28,568,026 10,105,616
2059 28,391,809 10,077,893
2058 28,215,085 10,047,185
2057 28,037,220 10,013,846
2056 27,842,554 9,977,699
2055 27,643,057 9,938,273
2054 27,444,561 9,895,840
2053 27,234,548 9,849,324
2052 27,022,716 9,799,331
2051 26,809,526 9,745,673
2050 26,593,675 9,688,197
2049 26,376,242 9,627,119
2048 26,146,925 9,562,502
2047 25,911,330 9,494,734
2046 25,678,409 9,423,990
2045 25,442,326 9,350,870
2044 25,206,576 9,275,707
2043 24,971,131 9,199,229
2042 24,737,722 9,121,705
2041 24,507,695 9,043,208
2040 24,273,388 8,964,374
2039 24,047,108 8,885,167
2038 23,821,741 8,805,836
2037 23,600,163 8,726,399
2036 23,374,793 8,646,796
2035 23,151,259 8,567,354
2034 22,926,675 8,487,651
2033 22,700,937 8,407,327
2032 22,470,522 8,326,172
2031 22,247,053 8,243,436
2030 22,020,172 8,158,380
2029 21,792,016 8,065,431
2028 21,558,709 7,964,546
2027 21,326,341 7,856,302
2026 21,090,850 7,740,924
2025 20,843,754 7,618,847
2024 20,592,571 7,494,498
2023 20,330,104 7,364,438
2022 20,034,609 7,230,193
2021 19,743,603 7,092,043
2020 19,482,117 6,949,912
2019 19,209,555 6,803,944
2018 18,932,727 6,655,524
2017 18,651,931 6,507,061
2016 18,363,600 6,360,041
2015 18,084,169 6,215,770
2014 17,816,285 6,075,283
2013 17,556,502 5,939,341
2012 17,306,106 5,808,546
2011 17,066,002 5,683,417
2010 16,836,810 5,564,356
2009 16,619,846 5,451,592
2008 16,426,525 5,345,029
2007 16,257,214 5,244,046
2006 16,103,716 5,147,105
2005 15,968,117 5,052,257
2004 15,850,159 4,958,093
2003 15,747,380 4,863,865
2002 15,656,677 4,769,465
2001 15,575,550 4,675,409
2000 15,501,103 4,582,677
1999 15,455,874 4,492,170
1998 15,647,785 4,410,507
1997 16,043,251 4,336,730
1996 16,416,027 4,263,819
1995 16,730,536 4,191,203
1994 17,043,771 4,116,662
1993 17,274,487 4,032,407
1992 17,332,625 3,944,689
1991 17,278,600 3,855,894
1990 17,154,054 3,760,562
1989 16,997,013 3,662,459
1988 16,781,168 3,559,363
1987 16,527,715 3,452,731
1986 16,262,702 3,347,809
1985 16,031,090 3,247,534
1984 15,844,621 3,154,079
1983 15,665,551 3,067,534
1982 15,492,595 2,985,557
1981 15,323,082 2,907,187
1980 15,152,949 2,832,203
1979 14,978,696 2,760,358
1978 14,711,497 2,691,088
1977 14,353,265 2,623,948
1976 13,998,738 2,558,521
1975 13,700,843 2,494,570
1974 13,454,570 2,432,028
1973 13,208,121 2,370,919
1972 12,951,798 2,311,430
1971 12,684,813 2,253,119
1970 12,419,057 2,195,616
1969 12,156,212 2,139,024
1968 11,879,182 2,083,069
1967 11,584,428 2,027,403
1966 11,288,989 1,971,737
1965 10,993,183 1,915,916
1964 10,690,309 1,859,997
1963 10,377,466 1,804,272
1962 10,058,928 1,749,214
1961 9,742,085 1,695,400
1960 9,429,981 1,643,457

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/population/kazakhstan/turkmenistan | CC BY

From 2006 to 2016, the population of Kazakhstan increased by 2,259,884 people (a 14% growth), while Turkmenistan gained 1,212,936 people (a 23.6% growth).

For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Kazakhstan gained 2,848,212 people (a 15.5% growth), while Turkmenistan's population increased by 1,440,148 people (a 22.6% growth).

Kazakhstan was ranked 62nd most populous country in 2006 and is 65th in 2026. Turkmenistan was ranked 113th in 2006 and ranked 104th now.

The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Kazakhstan's population will grow by 25.4% to 26,593,675 people with a rank change from 65th to 64th. The population of Turkmenistan will increase by 24.2% to 9,688,197 people and rank change from 104th to 101st.

Kazakhstan is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 33.8M people compared to the peak of 10.4M people in 2079 for Turkmenistan.

Population growth rate by year

Kazakhstan
Factual

Projection
Turkmenistan
Factual

Projection
1x
Year Growth rate
Kazakhstan Turkmenistan
2100 0.22% -0.29%
2099 0.23% -0.27%
2098 0.24% -0.26%
2097 0.27% -0.24%
2096 0.3% -0.23%
2095 0.3% -0.22%
2094 0.31% -0.21%
2093 0.29% -0.19%
2092 0.31% -0.18%
2091 0.32% -0.17%
2090 0.33% -0.15%
2089 0.34% -0.14%
2088 0.38% -0.13%
2087 0.38% -0.11%
2086 0.39% -0.1%
2085 0.4% -0.08%
2084 0.42% -0.07%
2083 0.4% -0.06%
2082 0.43% -0.04%
2081 0.44% -0.03%
2080 0.43% -0.008%
2079 0.47% 0.01%
2078 0.47% 0.03%
2077 0.48% 0.04%
2076 0.48% 0.06%
2075 0.49% 0.07%
2074 0.48% 0.09%
2073 0.49% 0.1%
2072 0.5% 0.12%
2071 0.51% 0.13%
2070 0.53% 0.14%
2069 0.51% 0.15%
2068 0.51% 0.16%
2067 0.52% 0.17%
2066 0.55% 0.18%
2065 0.55% 0.19%
2064 0.56% 0.2%
2063 0.57% 0.22%
2062 0.59% 0.24%
2061 0.6% 0.25%
2060 0.62% 0.28%
2059 0.63% 0.31%
2058 0.63% 0.33%
2057 0.7% 0.36%
2056 0.72% 0.4%
2055 0.72% 0.43%
2054 0.77% 0.47%
2053 0.78% 0.51%
2052 0.8% 0.55%
2051 0.81% 0.59%
2050 0.82% 0.63%
2049 0.88% 0.68%
2048 0.91% 0.71%
2047 0.91% 0.75%
2046 0.93% 0.78%
2045 0.94% 0.81%
2044 0.94% 0.83%
2043 0.94% 0.85%
2042 0.94% 0.87%
2041 0.97% 0.88%
2040 0.94% 0.89%
2039 0.95% 0.9%
2038 0.94% 0.91%
2037 0.96% 0.92%
2036 0.97% 0.93%
2035 0.98% 0.94%
2034 0.99% 0.96%
2033 1.03% 0.97%
2032 1% 1%
2031 1.03% 1.04%
2030 1.05% 1.15%
2029 1.08% 1.27%
2028 1.09% 1.38%
2027 1.12% 1.49%
2026 1.19% 1.6%
2025 1.22% 1.66%
2024 1.29% 1.77%
2023 1.47% 1.86%
2022 1.47% 1.95%
2021 1.34% 2.05%
2020 1.42% 2.15%
2019 1.46% 2.23%
2018 1.51% 2.28%
2017 1.57% 2.31%
2016 1.55% 2.32%
2015 1.5% 2.31%
2014 1.48% 2.29%
2013 1.45% 2.25%
2012 1.41% 2.2%
2011 1.36% 2.14%
2010 1.31% 2.07%
2009 1.18% 1.99%
2008 1.04% 1.93%
2007 0.95% 1.88%
2006 0.85% 1.88%
2005 0.74% 1.9%
2004 0.65% 1.94%
2003 0.58% 1.98%
2002 0.52% 2.01%
2001 0.48% 2.02%
2000 0.29% 2.01%
1999 -1.23% 1.85%
1998 -2.46% 1.7%
1997 -2.27% 1.71%
1996 -1.88% 1.73%
1995 -1.84% 1.81%
1994 -1.34% 2.09%
1993 -0.34% 2.22%
1992 0.31% 2.3%
1991 0.73% 2.54%
1990 0.92% 2.68%
1989 1.29% 2.9%
1988 1.53% 3.09%
1987 1.63% 3.13%
1986 1.44% 3.09%
1985 1.18% 2.96%
1984 1.14% 2.82%
1983 1.12% 2.75%
1982 1.11% 2.7%
1981 1.12% 2.65%
1980 1.16% 2.6%
1979 1.82% 2.57%
1978 2.5% 2.56%
1977 2.53% 2.56%
1976 2.17% 2.56%
1975 1.83% 2.57%
1974 1.87% 2.58%
1973 1.98% 2.57%
1972 2.1% 2.59%
1971 2.14% 2.62%
1970 2.16% 2.65%
1969 2.33% 2.69%
1968 2.54% 2.75%
1967 2.62% 2.82%
1966 2.69% 2.91%
1965 2.83% 3.01%
1964 3.01% 3.09%
1963 3.17% 3.15%
1962 3.25% 3.17%
1961 3.31% 3.16%

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/population/kazakhstan/turkmenistan | CC BY

In 2025, the population of Kazakhstan grew by 1.22%, while Turkmenistan's population grew by 1.66%.

Live population counters

Kazakhstan Turkmenistan
Current population
21211812
7800189
Population rank 65/197 104/197
Percent of world population 0.26% 0.09%
One net population change
2.1 minutes
4.24 minutes
One birth every
1.31 minutes
3.35 minutes
One death every
3.81 minutes
12 minutes
Daily growth/decline +688 +341
Annual growth/decline +251,183 +124,349
Annual growth/decline rate +1.22% +1.66%
Population growth rate rank 85/197 63/197
One migration net change every
59.7 minutes
39.7 minutes
Annual migration change -8,834 +13,268
Net migration rank 130/196 39/196
Foreign-born residents 2,089,797 193,763
Foreign-born residents rank 36/195 115/195
Foreign-born share of population 10.1% 2.6%
Foreign-born share rank 66/195 125/195

Natural population change vs migration

Kazakhstan
Natural

Migration
Turkmenistan
Natural

Migration
1x
Year Population change
Kazakhstan Turkmenistan
Natural Migration Natural Migration
2025 - -8,834 - 13,268
2024 264,079 -7,368 112,942 14,646
2023 273,013 -4,822 117,529 15,005
2022 277,019 45,755 121,814 14,141
2021 269,026 -9,804 122,721 17,617
2020 272,458 -8,716 124,014 19,913
2019 278,788 2,594 128,275 19,735
2018 278,917 -6,644 129,537 19,293
2017 268,066 21,248 131,417 16,678
2016 277,878 9,478 132,581 13,365
2015 273,523 -2,011 132,663 9,936
2014 274,406 -10,170 129,677 8,696
2013 259,239 -3,925 126,217 7,287
2012 249,987 -4,512 120,957 7,125
2011 237,883 -3,160 115,197 6,992
2010 230,479 -6,840 109,318 6,621
2009 218,036 -7,758 102,931 6,656
2008 214,169 -37,796 96,815 6,734
2007 188,486 -26,237 92,038 6,388
2006 166,480 -21,728 87,840 7,613
2005 146,619 -20,171 83,968 10,263
2004 132,286 -22,841 79,850 14,242
2003 112,137 -16,027 76,737 17,625
2002 93,564 -8,272 75,639 18,803
2001 84,279 -7,333 76,682 16,982
2000 80,699 -8,754 76,875 14,925
1999 79,536 -61,031 76,362 12,859
1998 85,735 -488,075 77,342 -3,239
1997 92,778 -481,380 79,045 -5,600
1996 112,384 -469,331 80,996 -8,627
1995 140,721 -412,775 86,289 -13,423
1994 165,631 -520,028 89,319 -13,094
1993 185,649 -292,682 92,596 -312
1992 204,785 -214,015 96,668 -13,517
1991 221,581 -104,271 99,297 -4,864
1990 235,113 -103,336 101,099 -4,864
1989 254,394 -72,096 103,553 -3,576
1988 275,278 -25,892 104,802 1,408
1987 290,227 -32,724 103,885 3,161
1986 295,818 -23,297 100,930 1,878
1985 293,834 -103,115 95,890 1,861
1984 278,485 -96,266 90,591 -1,427
1983 260,471 -84,566 85,183 -1,264
1982 246,983 -76,976 80,989 -961
1981 243,652 -74,624 77,829 -1,102
1980 238,977 -67,731 74,394 -1,152
1979 237,442 -60,198 71,135 -677
1978 225,895 131,248 68,437 -350
1977 224,284 135,047 66,318 -132
1976 221,992 127,735 64,513 160
1975 219,748 26,332 62,681 550
1974 217,668 28,807 60,925 924
1973 215,940 30,467 59,169 1,194
1972 212,319 53,914 57,326 1,293
1971 202,450 65,291 56,666 1,348
1970 191,775 72,000 55,617 1,376
1969 184,118 77,805 54,791 1,397
1968 186,254 105,890 54,324 1,401
1967 191,536 105,830 54,209 1,397
1966 191,506 101,999 54,353 1,377
1965 194,470 103,626 54,558 1,366
1964 208,899 98,761 54,574 1,340
1963 223,105 94,932 54,203 1,332
1962 228,177 90,842 53,248 1,337
1961 228,686 85,981 51,659 1,372
1960 226,027 83,525 49,436 1,421

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/population/kazakhstan/turkmenistan | CC BY

Over the last 10 years, 98.6% of the population change in Kazakhstan is from natural causes (a gain of 2,732,767 people) and 1.43% is from migration (a gain of 39,710 people). In Turkmenistan 88.7% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,253,493 people) and 11.3% is from migration (a gain of 160,329 people).

As of 2024, 2,089,797 residents or 10.1% of the population were not native-born in Kazakhstan, compared to 193,763 people or 2.6% in Turkmenistan.

Biggest cities by population

Kazakhstan
City Population
Almaty 2.23M
Shymkent 1.19M
Nur-Sultan 1.08M
Karaganda 516K
Taraz 418K
Aktobe 388K
Semey 350K
Pavlodar 333K
Oskemen 333K
Atyrau 323K
Turkmenistan
City Population
Ashgabat 1.03M
Turkmenabat 231K
Dasoguz 227K
Mary 126K
Anau 29.6K
Baherden 24.7K

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Population map with other countries

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/population/kazakhstan/turkmenistan | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

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