Skip to content

Economy of Cambodia vs Greece compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Cambodia has a GDP of $46.4B compared to $256B for Greece, ranking 97/197 and 53/197 by economy size, respectively.

Cambodia has $12B in government debt (25.9% of GDP), compared to $397B (154.8% of GDP) in Greece.

Cambodia vs Greece GDP by year

Cambodia
Greece
1x
Year GDP, current $
Cambodia Greece
2024 $46,352,647,037 $256,238,371,778
2023 $42,335,646,896 $242,946,187,738
2022 $39,994,532,960 $217,990,189,601
2021 $36,790,163,687 $218,303,801,895
2020 $34,818,073,901 $191,362,985,555
2019 $36,685,356,408 $207,305,649,887
2018 $33,145,892,169 $213,298,873,494
2017 $29,355,665,910 $200,381,103,984
2016 $26,556,545,153 $193,097,239,006
2015 $24,174,170,369 $194,567,373,678
2014 $22,041,463,968 $233,911,581,521
2013 $19,807,135,253 $236,556,279,641
2012 $17,826,536,700 $238,841,140,018
2011 $16,032,622,024 $283,228,079,776
2010 $13,808,673,288 $296,417,644,404
2009 $12,502,901,170 $326,829,054,686
2008 $12,174,303,999 $351,121,399,546
2007 $10,127,916,460 $314,226,996,944
2006 $8,350,531,017 $269,073,415,334
2005 $7,066,296,463 $242,315,668,619
2004 $5,883,297,160 $234,979,615,898
2003 $5,046,693,484 $196,930,509,813
2002 $4,501,227,627 $150,253,800,086
2001 $4,145,665,970 $132,050,474,720
2000 $3,694,168,979 $125,760,166,225
1999 $3,517,242,477 $137,131,371,955
1998 $3,120,425,503 $139,612,812,176
1997 $3,443,413,389 $138,766,067,640
1996 $3,506,695,720 $142,502,984,145
1995 $3,441,205,693 $134,974,613,914
1994 $2,791,435,272 $114,980,063,202
1993 $2,533,727,592 $107,295,704,518
1992 $2,491,486,594 $114,608,178,405
1991 $2,054,974,089 $103,680,863,713
1990 $1,402,541,177 $96,529,587,274
1989 $1,353,137,648 $78,067,933,277
1988 $1,662,877,859 $75,200,610,137
1987 $1,036,974,910 $64,739,630,096
1986 $1,167,630,318 $55,595,445,472
1985 $1,102,669,184 $47,155,741,426
1984 $1,021,176,059 $47,352,146,312
1983 $939,291,262 $48,741,397,059
1982 $865,516,040 $53,858,346,939
1981 $815,153,652 $51,618,456,335
1980 $744,384,130 $56,039,256,595
1979 $723,738,503 $53,724,121,435
1978 $766,642,356 $43,654,480,519
1977 $716,261,764 $35,673,080,481
1976 $790,357,255 $30,719,552,239
1975 $749,129,748 $28,129,128,587
1974 - $24,998,715,909
1973 - $22,037,019,563
1972 - $16,650,659,091
1971 - $14,388,806,818
1970 - $12,957,113,636
1969 - $11,454,106,327
1968 - $9,950,331,206
1967 - $9,146,592,856
1966 - $8,472,021,467
1965 - $7,582,209,670
1964 - $6,576,906,345
1963 - $5,813,285,627
1962 - $5,140,542,929
1961 - $4,892,397,431
1960 - $4,274,890,307

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/greece | CC BY

GDP per capita in Cambodia vs Greece by year

Cambodia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Greece
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Cambodia Greece
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $2,628 $7,967 $24,626 $44,327
2023 $2,430 $7,431 $23,344 $42,711
2022 $2,325 $6,919 $20,887 $39,612
2021 $2,167 $6,226 $20,655 $33,531
2020 $2,082 $5,942 $17,887 $29,533
2019 $2,226 $6,154 $19,335 $31,927
2018 $2,037 $5,617 $19,873 $29,792
2017 $1,826 $5,050 $18,632 $28,682
2016 $1,675 $4,748 $17,919 $27,505
2015 $1,547 $4,434 $17,981 $26,608
2014 $1,432 $4,118 $21,475 $26,450
2013 $1,306 $3,891 $21,573 $25,731
2012 $1,193 $3,583 $21,624 $24,583
2011 $1,089 $3,223 $25,505 $25,693
2010 $952 $2,989 $26,653 $27,839
2009 $876 $2,854 $29,425 $29,963
2008 $866 $2,769 $31,696 $30,441
2007 $732 $2,566 $28,441 $28,896
2006 $612 $2,297 $24,416 $28,076
2005 $526 $2,038 $22,054 $25,004
2004 $444 $1,770 $21,449 $24,826
2003 $387 $1,598 $18,021 $23,253
2002 $350 $1,442 $13,782 $21,985
2001 $328 $1,357 $12,157 $20,304
2000 $296.4 $1,256 $11,638 $18,820
1999 $286.8 $1,134 $12,743 $17,758
1998 $258.8 $1,009 $13,023 $17,434
1997 $297.6 $994 $13,016 $16,630
1996 $325 $1,006 $13,433 $15,778
1995 $343 $1,006 $12,779 $15,218
1994 $302 $972 $10,937 $14,667
1993 $294.1 $1,565 $10,257 $14,150
1992 $307 $1,560 $11,021 $14,130
1991 $267.3 $1,504 $10,047 $13,824
1990 $190.2 $1,410 $9,467 $13,126
1989 $191.3 - $7,738 -
1988 $244.1 - $7,492 -
1987 $158.1 - $6,474 -
1986 $185.8 - $5,578 -
1985 $182.4 - $4,747 -
1984 $174.7 - $4,785 -
1983 $166.7 - $4,950 -
1982 $159.2 - $5,502 -
1981 $154.3 - $5,305 -
1980 $143.2 - $5,812 -
1979 $142.2 - $5,627 -
1978 $147.1 - $4,629 -
1977 $126.4 - $3,832 -
1976 $128.8 - $3,343 -
1975 $113.8 - $3,109 -
1974 - - $2,789 -
1973 - - $2,468 -
1972 - - $1,873 -
1971 - - $1,629 -
1970 - - $1,474 -
1969 - - $1,306 -
1968 - - $1,138 -
1967 - - $1,053 -
1966 - - $984 -
1965 - - $887 -
1964 - - $773 -
1963 - - $686 -
1962 - - $608 -
1961 - - $583 -
1960 - - $513 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/greece | CC BY

Cambodia's GDP per capita is $2,628, ranking 145/197, compared to $24,626 in Greece, ranking 49/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Cambodia ranks 142nd at $7,967, while Greece ranks 52nd at $44,327.

Economic indicators

Cambodia Greece
Gross domestic product
$46.4B
2024
$256B
2024
GDP rank
97/197
2024
53/197
2024
GDP growth
5.98%
2023-2024
2.09%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$2,628
2024
$24,626
2024
GDP per capita rank
145/197
2024
49/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$7,967
2024
$44,327
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
142/197
2024
52/197
2024
Government debt
$12B
2024
$397B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
25.9%
2024
154.8%
2024
Government debt per person
$681
2024
$38,119
2024
Government debt per person rank
156/185
2024
16/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,258
2026
$14,396
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$83.2B
2024
Number of billionaires n/a
16
2025
Income share by richest 10% n/a
26%
2023
Income share by poorest 10% n/a
2.7%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
17.3%
2024
48%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
0.9%
2023-2024
2.74%
2023-2024
Unemployment rate
0.26%
2023
10%
2024
Population
18113986
10181414

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Cambodia
Spending

Debt
Greece
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Cambodia Greece
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 17.3% 25.9% 48% 154.8%
2023 19.1% 26.3% 49.5% 165.2%
2022 18.7% 25.5% 52.8% 178.4%
2021 21% 25.9% 56.7% 197.8%
2020 20.3% 25.2% 59.3% 209.9%
2019 17.6% 20.8% 47.6% 183.7%
2018 16.1% 21.1% 48.6% 189.6%
2017 16.2% 22.6% 48.5% 182.6%
2016 15.2% 21.8% 50.3% 183.7%
2015 14.5% 23.3% 51.9% 180%
2014 16.5% 24.2% 51.5% 182.8%
2013 16.4% 24.4% 53% 180.5%
2012 17.1% 24.9% 54.9% 164.3%
2011 16.5% 23.8% 55.1% 175.1%
2010 17% 23.4% 53.1% 147.8%
2009 17% 23.7% 54.8% 128.5%
2008 13.1% 23% 51.5% 110.9%
2007 12.3% 25.1% 47.8% 104.6%
2006 11.3% 26.7% 45.9% 105.3%
2005 11% 31.7% 46.6% 109.9%
2004 12.6% 38.7% 48.8% 105.5%
2003 14.5% 39.8% 47.9% 104.3%
2002 16.1% 37.8% 47.1% 107.9%
2001 14.5% 33.5% 47.5% 110.5%
2000 14.9% 34.9% 48.2% 108.9%
1999 13.8% 34.6% 48% 102.8%
1998 13.4% 37.2% 46.7% 100.8%
1997 12.4% 31.4% 45.1% 102.6%
1996 15.7% 30.1% 46.1% 103.7%
1995 - - 46.6% 100.4%
1994 - - 36.9% 99.7%
1993 - - 38.6% 101.7%
1992 - - 36.9% 81.1%
1991 - - 35.2% 75.7%
1990 - - 38.5% 74.2%
1989 - - 34.8% 60.7%
1988 - - 33.8% 57.9%
1987 - - 34% 53.2%
1986 - - 33.8% 47.8%
1985 - - 34.2% 47.3%
1984 - - 32% 40.6%
1983 - - 30.2% 34.1%
1982 - - 28.7% 29.7%
1981 - - 28.1% 27.1%
1980 - - 24.5% 22.8%
1979 - - 24.1% 22.7%
1978 - - 30.1% 32.3%
1977 - - 30.1% 24.5%
1976 - - 29.1% 23.7%
1975 - - 28.7% 24.1%
1974 - - 25.3% 22.5%
1973 - - 24.3% 22%
1972 - - 26.8% 26.5%
1971 - - 25.8% 25%
1970 - - 25.2% 24.7%
1969 - - 29.7% 25.8%
1968 - - 26.3% 23%
1967 - - 24.6% 21.1%
1966 - - 22.8% 19%
1965 - - 21.7% 16.5%
1964 - - 20.4% 21.3%
1963 - - 19.5% 22.6%
1962 - - 19.7% 16.6%
1961 - - 19.3% 14.4%
1960 - - 20% 13.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/greece | CC BY

In 2024, Cambodia's government spending was $8B, accounting for 17.3% of its GDP, while Greece spent $123B, or 48% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 25.9% in Cambodia and 154.8% in Greece, ranking 164/185 and 7/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Cambodia

Greece
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Cambodia Greece
2024 -2.67% 1.34%
2023 -2.83% -1.35%
2022 -0.29% -2.46%
2021 -5.18% -7.58%
2020 -2.53% -10.3%
2019 2.19% -0.09%
2018 0.28% 0.78%
2017 -0.76% 1.05%
2016 -0.29% 0.28%
2015 -0.65% -3.03%
2014 -1.24% -4.29%
2013 -2.01% -4.06%
2012 -3.57% -6.94%
2011 -3.76% -10.5%
2010 -3.09% -11.4%
2009 -3.98% -15.4%
2008 0.43% -10.3%
2007 0.62% -6.81%
2006 -0.15% -6.04%
2005 -0.34% -6.33%
2004 -3.23% -9.05%
2003 -5.69% -8.05%
2002 -6.07% -6.2%
2001 -4.95% -5.64%
2000 -4.76% -4.21%
1999 -3.79% -6.02%
1998 -5.35% -6.48%
1997 -3.7% -6.25%
1996 -7.53% -8.35%
1995 - -9.87%
1994 - -8.48%
1993 - -11.5%
1992 - -10.6%
1991 - -9.63%
1990 - -13.3%
1989 - -11.9%
1988 - -9.63%
1987 - -8.09%
1986 - -8.62%
1985 - -9.56%
1984 - -7.19%
1983 - -6.17%
1982 - -5.49%
1981 - -7.08%
1980 - -2.5%
1979 - -2.34%
1978 - -5.39%
1977 - -5.21%
1976 - -5.05%
1975 - -5.3%
1974 - -4.39%
1973 - -3.71%
1972 - -4.16%
1971 - -3.32%
1970 - -3.24%
1969 - -6.65%
1968 - -3.39%
1967 - -2.59%
1966 - -2.17%
1965 - -2.55%
1964 - -2.89%
1963 - -2.25%
1962 - -2.4%
1961 - -2.69%
1960 - -3.3%
1959 - -2.77%
1958 - -2.27%
1957 - -2.45%
1956 - -0.39%
1955 - -3.57%
1954 - -2.87%
1953 - -3.01%
1952 - -7.21%
1951 - -11.5%
1950 - -12.7%
1949 - -10.4%
1948 - -7.65%
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - 0.48%
1938 - 1.78%
1937 - 1.06%
1936 - 0.95%
1935 - 0.72%
1934 - 0.88%
1933 - -2.79%
1932 - -1.78%
1931 - -4%
1930 - -2.23%
1929 - -18.7%
1928 - -0.27%
1927 - 2.65%
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -8.96%
1912 - -7.43%
1911 - -4.61%
1910 - -1.53%
1909 - -2.64%
1908 - -1.54%
1907 - -1.23%
1906 - 0.66%
1905 - 0.91%
1904 - -0.04%
1903 - -0.22%
1902 - -1.67%
1901 - 0.1%
1900 - 0.41%
1899 - 0.86%
1898 - -34.5%
1897 - -8.46%
1896 - 0.82%
1895 - 0.37%
1894 - 2.91%
1893 - 0.14%
1892 - -2.28%
1891 - -6.48%
1890 - -11.2%
1889 - -15.7%
1888 - -3.59%
1887 - -4.88%
1886 - -11.5%
1885 - -12.1%
1884 - -7.16%
1883 - -2.42%
1882 - -1.69%
1881 - -14.5%
1880 - -13.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/greece | CC BY

In 2024, Cambodia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.24B, equivalent to 2.67% of GDP. This compares to Greece's surplus of $3.43B, or 1.34% of GDP.

Over the past 29 years, Cambodia recorded a fiscal deficit in 25 of those years, while Greece ran a deficit in 25 years. On average, Cambodia posted an annual deficit equal to 2.58% of GDP, compared to deficit of 5.65% of GDP for Greece.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Cambodia

Greece
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Cambodia Greece
2024 0.9% 2.74%
2023 2.1% 3.46%
2022 5.3% 9.65%
2021 2.9% 1.22%
2020 2.9% -1.25%
2019 2% 0.25%
2018 2.4% 0.63%
2017 2.9% 1.12%
2016 3% -0.83%
2015 1.2% -1.74%
2014 3.9% -1.31%
2013 2.9% -0.92%
2012 2.9% 1.5%
2011 5.5% 3.33%
2010 4% 4.71%
2009 -0.7% 1.21%
2008 25% 4.15%
2007 7.7% 2.9%
2006 6.1% 3.2%
2005 6.3% 3.55%
2004 3.9% 2.9%
2003 1% 3.53%
2002 0% 3.63%
2001 -0.1% 3.37%
2000 -0.8% 3.15%
1999 2% 2.64%
1998 12.9% 4.77%
1997 10.5% 5.54%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/greece | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Cambodia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.24%, compared with 2.4% in Greece. In 2024, inflation was 0.9% in Cambodia and 2.74% in Greece.

Top exports between countries

Cambodia
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $4.26M
Chemicals & pharma $2.02M
Raw agricultural goods $1.51M
Machinery & equipment $913K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $365K
Raw materials & minerals $5K
Miscellaneous $4K
Animal & marine products $3K
Greece
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $4.88M
Chemicals & pharma $389K
Animal & marine products $384K
Wood & paper products $206K
Machinery & equipment $184K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $176K
Miscellaneous $139K
Raw materials & minerals $60K
Metals $21K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K

Balance of trade

Cambodia Greece
Current account balance
$228M
2024
-$18.2B
2024
Current account balance ranking
65/190
2024
182/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.49%
2024
-7.11%
2024
Goods imports
$31.2B
2024
$91.2B
2024
Goods exports
$26.8B
2024
$52.6B
2024
Service imports
$3.08B
2024
$31.1B
2024
Service exports
$4.97B
2024
$55.8B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
72.1%
2024
47.7%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
71.4%
2024
42.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Cambodia Greece
Economic freedom 58.7 63.2
Economic freedom ranking 108/197 82/197
Property rights 38.1 78
Government integrity 18.9 54.8
Judicial effectiveness 21.2 68
Tax burden 90.3 59.9
Government spending 89.9 24.7
Fiscal health 92.7 78.9
Business freedom 60.8 77.8
Labor freedom 48.3 59.7
Monetary freedom 77 72.6
Trade freedom 67.8 79.4
Investment freedom 50 55
Financial freedom 50 50

Economic freedom comparison by year

Cambodia
Greece
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Cambodia Greece
2026 58.7 63.2
2025 58.2 60.6
2024 55.6 55.1
2023 56.5 56.9
2022 57.1 61.5
2021 57.3 60.9
2020 57.3 59.9
2019 57.8 57.7
2018 58.7 57.3
2017 59.5 55
2016 57.9 53.2
2015 57.5 54
2014 57.4 55.7
2013 58.5 55.4
2012 57.6 55.4
2011 57.9 60.3
2010 56.6 62.7
2009 56.6 60.8
2008 55.9 60.6
2007 55.9 58.7
2006 56.7 60.1
2005 60 59
2004 61.1 59.1
2003 63.7 58.8
2002 60.7 59.1
2001 59.6 63.4
2000 59.3 61
1999 59.9 61
1998 59.8 60.6
1997 52.8 59.6
1996 - 60.5
1995 - 61.2

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/greece | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Cambodia is 58.7, ranking 108/197, compared to 63.2 for Greece, ranking 82/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Cambodia Greece
Services, % of GDP
35.6%
2024
68%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
41.8%
2024
15%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
16.6%
2024
3.77%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$44.9B
2024
$236B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$7,910
2024
$43,340
2024
Total reserves including gold
$22.5B
2024
$15.2B
2024
Total reserves ranking
58/177
2024
67/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$4.22B
2024
-$4.52B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$4.39B
2024
$6.74B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$172M
2024
$2.22B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
7.41%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
17.7%
2012
18.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
32.2%
2024
18.3%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/greece | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.