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Economy of Burkina Faso vs Portugal compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Burkina Faso has a GDP of $23.1B compared to $313B for Portugal, ranking 122/197 and 46/197 by economy size, respectively.

Burkina Faso has $13.2B in government debt (57.2% of GDP), compared to $297B (94.9% of GDP) in Portugal.

Burkina Faso vs Portugal GDP by year

Burkina Faso
Portugal
1x
Year GDP, current $
Burkina Faso Portugal
2024 $23,124,729,853 $313,271,185,085
2023 $20,112,614,449 $292,323,800,949
2022 $18,622,421,395 $256,898,677,175
2021 $19,697,516,284 $256,055,879,091
2020 $17,725,010,533 $229,618,773,423
2019 $16,032,813,503 $240,115,970,063
2018 $15,890,066,221 $242,092,894,543
2017 $14,106,955,615 $220,862,990,767
2016 $12,833,363,045 $206,305,431,242
2015 $11,832,159,316 $199,038,523,120
2014 $13,943,016,077 $230,078,616,300
2013 $13,444,300,486 $226,677,408,292
2012 $12,561,015,157 $216,536,676,772
2011 $12,080,295,978 $245,426,767,676
2010 $10,109,619,741 $238,443,864,993
2009 $9,450,696,873 $244,667,762,836
2008 $9,451,435,490 $263,416,394,624
2007 $7,625,722,837 $240,496,147,317
2006 $6,547,419,820 $208,756,449,276
2005 $6,146,353,173 $197,253,876,705
2004 $5,451,688,538 $189,382,122,532
2003 $4,740,768,143 $165,226,175,537
2002 $3,622,350,063 $134,795,565,549
2001 $3,190,371,081 $121,604,107,165
2000 $2,968,370,088 $118,605,192,877
1999 $3,389,566,713 $127,470,385,557
1998 $2,804,902,367 $123,946,327,916
1997 $2,447,669,102 $117,016,535,163
1996 $2,586,550,595 $122,630,089,680
1995 $2,379,517,975 $118,122,007,430
1994 $1,895,290,637 $99,688,641,304
1993 $3,199,536,465 $95,009,751,901
1992 $3,356,692,505 $107,592,098,307
1991 $3,135,045,584 $89,233,599,278
1990 $3,101,300,779 $78,713,860,217
1989 $2,615,587,734 $60,594,092,182
1988 $2,616,040,479 $56,347,250,696
1987 $2,369,834,950 $48,182,925,857
1986 $2,036,303,358 $38,745,901,354
1985 $1,552,493,196 $27,115,807,742
1984 $1,459,880,132 $25,217,969,050
1983 $1,600,278,605 $27,239,650,742
1982 $1,754,450,096 $30,527,754,793
1981 $1,775,842,334 $31,977,276,873
1980 $1,928,719,888 $32,896,519,824
1979 $1,748,480,621 $26,622,819,672
1978 $1,475,583,645 $23,487,614,051
1977 $1,131,224,878 $21,439,523,311
1976 $976,547,188 $20,332,831,565
1975 $939,972,703 $19,347,607,843
1974 $751,133,430 $17,512,391,476
1973 $674,773,570 $15,090,564,186
1972 $578,595,522 $11,239,117,865
1971 $482,411,179 $9,201,604,240
1970 $458,404,269 $8,108,235,704
1969 $478,298,645 $7,287,555,035
1968 $460,442,689 $6,644,693,214
1967 $450,753,924 $6,002,607,030
1966 $433,889,766 $5,370,108,031
1965 $422,916,790 $4,901,711,248
1964 $410,321,645 $4,429,202,657
1963 $394,040,667 $4,084,251,593
1962 $379,567,099 $3,835,883,663
1961 $350,247,234 $3,573,719,085
1960 $330,442,816 $3,339,150,158

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/burkina-faso/portugal | CC BY

GDP per capita in Burkina Faso vs Portugal by year

Burkina Faso
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Portugal
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Burkina Faso Portugal
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $982 $2,896 $29,292 $51,680
2023 $873 $2,759 $27,635 $49,353
2022 $827 $2,645 $24,621 $45,250
2021 $896 $2,486 $24,711 $38,658
2020 $825 $2,381 $22,299 $35,967
2019 $765 $2,232 $23,343 $37,866
2018 $777 $2,073 $23,541 $34,897
2017 $709 $2,042 $21,442 $32,971
2016 $664 $1,882 $19,980 $31,589
2015 $630 $1,692 $19,216 $29,608
2014 $765 $1,661 $22,121 $28,765
2013 $760 $1,643 $21,676 $27,966
2012 $731 $1,572 $20,593 $26,476
2011 $725 $1,531 $23,247 $26,803
2010 $625 $1,449 $22,552 $27,292
2009 $602 $1,360 $23,151 $26,472
2008 $619 $1,351 $24,949 $26,666
2007 $515 $1,290 $22,811 $25,738
2006 $456 $1,244 $19,839 $24,677
2005 $441 $1,172 $18,780 $22,725
2004 $404 $1,079 $18,064 $21,476
2003 $362 $1,038 $15,798 $20,850
2002 $285.7 $974 $12,937 $20,357
2001 $259.5 $948 $11,735 $19,529
2000 $248.9 $896 $11,526 $18,883
1999 $292.8 $886 $12,475 $17,718
1998 $249.5 $838 $12,199 $16,688
1997 $223.9 $794 $11,576 $15,789
1996 $242.7 $753 $12,185 $14,922
1995 $229.1 $684 $11,781 $14,406
1994 $187.2 $650 $9,977 $13,578
1993 $324 $644 $9,535 $13,202
1992 $349 $623 $10,811 $13,182
1991 $334 $623 $8,959 $12,739
1990 $339 $567 $7,885 $11,780
1989 $293.2 - $6,056 -
1988 $301 - $5,624 -
1987 $280.2 - $4,804 -
1986 $247.5 - $3,862 -
1985 $194.1 - $2,705 -
1984 $187.8 - $2,523 -
1983 $211.9 - $2,735 -
1982 $239 - $3,080 -
1981 $248.7 - $3,246 -
1980 $277.6 - $3,368 -
1979 $258.5 - $2,756 -
1978 $223.9 - $2,457 -
1977 $176 - $2,267 -
1976 $155.5 - $2,173 -
1975 $152.9 - $2,128 -
1974 $124.7 - $2,000 -
1973 $114.1 - $1,748 -
1972 $99.6 - $1,302 -
1971 $84.5 - $1,065 -
1970 $81.7 - $934 -
1969 $86.8 - $832 -
1968 $85 - $752 -
1967 $84.6 - $676 -
1966 $82.8 - $601 -
1965 $82.1 - $545 -
1964 $80.9 - $490 -
1963 $78.9 - $452 -
1962 $77.2 - $426 -
1961 $72.2 - $400 -
1960 $69.2 - $377 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/burkina-faso/portugal | CC BY

Burkina Faso's GDP per capita is $982, ranking 180/197, compared to $29,292 in Portugal, ranking 44/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Burkina Faso ranks 181st at $2,896, while Portugal ranks 42nd at $51,680.

Economic indicators

Burkina Faso Portugal
Gross domestic product
$23.1B
2024
$313B
2024
GDP rank
122/197
2024
46/197
2024
GDP growth
4.8%
2023-2024
2.14%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$982
2024
$29,292
2024
GDP per capita rank
180/197
2024
44/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$2,896
2024
$51,680
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
181/197
2024
42/197
2024
Government debt
$13.2B
2024
$297B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
57.2%
2024
94.9%
2024
Government debt per person
$562
2024
$27,807
2024
Government debt per person rank
162/185
2024
27/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,710
2026
$16,747
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$61.9B
2018
Number of millionaires n/a
171,797
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
1
2025
Income share by richest 10%
30.2%
2021
26.9%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3%
2021
2.7%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
27.8%
2024
42.8%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.19%
2023-2024
2.42%
2023-2024
Unemployment rate
3.44%
2024
6.43%
2024
Population
24756783
10667081

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Burkina Faso
Spending

Debt
Portugal
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Burkina Faso Portugal
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 27.8% 57.2% 42.8% 94.9%
2023 29.4% 56.8% 42.3% 97.7%
2022 32.9% 59.2% 43.9% 111.2%
2021 27.8% 55.5% 47.3% 123.9%
2020 24.4% 43.6% 49.1% 134.1%
2019 23.3% 41.7% 42.5% 116.1%
2018 24.2% 38.1% 43.3% 121.1%
2017 26.3% 33.9% 45.5% 126%
2016 21.6% 32.9% 44.9% 131.2%
2015 20.4% 31.3% 48.2% 131%
2014 20.9% 26.1% 51.7% 132.5%
2013 25.3% 25.9% 50% 130.8%
2012 22.7% 25.2% 48.8% 128.6%
2011 20.4% 24.5% 50% 114%
2010 21.7% 23.7% 51.9% 100.1%
2009 21.5% 25.9% 50.3% 87.8%
2008 18.6% 24.9% 45.5% 75.6%
2007 22.8% 22.4% 44.5% 72.7%
2006 21.9% 20.1% 45.1% 73.7%
2005 20.2% 39.2% 46.8% 72.2%
2004 20.3% 40.7% 46.1% 67.1%
2003 17.6% 39.7% 45.4% 63.9%
2002 19.5% 43.3% 44.2% 60%
2001 19.7% 46.6% 44.1% 57.4%
2000 19.8% 47.5% 42.8% 54.2%
1999 21.4% 46.4% 42.5% 55.4%
1998 19.7% 47.7% 42.6% 55.6%
1997 20% 48.4% 42.4% 58.7%
1996 19.8% 45.8% 43% 63.3%
1995 19.4% 48.9% 42.6% 62.2%
1994 17.8% 55.1% 42.8% 60.4%
1993 17.9% 33.6% 46.5% 57.2%
1992 16.7% 29.6% 48.2% 58.1%
1991 17% 28.7% 45.9% 63.9%
1990 18.4% 25.6% 42.2% 60.2%
1989 14.2% 25.5% 36.2% 55.4%
1988 16.2% 28.8% 36.2% 56.8%
1987 19.2% 30.7% 37.5% 57.2%
1986 16.3% 27.6% 38.9% 59.8%
1985 11.5% 28.5% 37.5% 59.4%
1984 - - 34.6% 51.3%
1983 - - 34.7% 46.7%
1982 - - 35.8% 43%
1981 - - 35.3% 39.3%
1980 - - 32.4% 31%
1979 - - 30.8% 35.2%
1978 - - 31.7% 31.4%
1977 - - 35.1% 26.9%
1976 - - 38.2% 24.5%
1975 - - 31.9% 19.2%
1974 - - 25.8% 13.5%
1973 - - 25.7% 13.6%
1972 - - 22.8% 14.5%
1971 - - 15.5% 15.7%
1970 - - 15.5% 16.5%
1969 - - 14.9% 16.8%
1968 - - 14.3% 17.2%
1967 - - 14.1% 18.5%
1966 - - 14.4% 20.2%
1965 - - 13.4% 20.4%
1964 - - 13.9% 21.9%
1963 - - 14.6% 20.8%
1962 - - 14.5% 18.7%
1961 - - 14.6% 17.1%
1960 - - 14.3% 16.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2001, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/burkina-faso/portugal | CC BY

In 2024, Burkina Faso's government spending was $6.43B, accounting for 27.8% of its GDP, while Portugal spent $134B, or 42.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 57.2% in Burkina Faso and 94.9% in Portugal, ranking 89/185 and 27/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Burkina Faso

Portugal
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Burkina Faso Portugal
2024 -5.84% 0.7%
2023 -6.91% 1.21%
2022 -10.9% -0.31%
2021 -7.45% -2.83%
2020 -5.16% -5.75%
2019 -3.39% 0.12%
2018 -4.43% -0.43%
2017 -6.92% -3%
2016 -3.08% -1.94%
2015 -2.09% -4.37%
2014 -1.74% -7.32%
2013 -3.55% -5.21%
2012 -2.76% -6.2%
2011 -2.04% -7.73%
2010 -4.06% -11.4%
2009 -4.16% -9.87%
2008 -3.63% -3.81%
2007 -5.01% -2.91%
2006 14.3% -4.07%
2005 -4.89% -6.11%
2004 -4.19% -5.99%
2003 -1.79% -5.66%
2002 -4.43% -3.73%
2001 -3.56% -4.73%
2000 -3.03% -3.35%
1999 -3.29% -2.99%
1998 -2.6% -4.3%
1997 -2.64% -3.65%
1996 -1.67% -4.63%
1995 -2.65% -5.14%
1994 -1.89% -7.37%
1993 -3.81% -8.06%
1992 -2.51% -5.19%
1991 -2.77% -7.93%
1990 -7.54% -6.82%
1989 1.96% -2.86%
1988 -4.32% -3.52%
1987 -5.27% -6.79%
1986 -5.1% -7.45%
1985 -1.21% -8.35%
1984 - -5.23%
1983 - -4.86%
1982 - -7.02%
1981 - -8.34%
1980 - -6.92%
1979 - -6.08%
1978 - -7.15%
1977 - -7.5%
1976 - -10.2%
1975 - -7.1%
1974 - -3.2%
1973 - -5.39%
1972 - -7.72%
1971 - -0.23%
1970 - -0.24%
1969 - -1.53%
1968 - -1.24%
1967 - -0.46%
1966 - -2%
1965 - -0.03%
1964 - -1.93%
1963 - -3.33%
1962 - -1.69%
1961 - -3.17%
1960 - -3.13%
1959 - -1.73%
1958 - -0.52%
1957 - 0.08%
1956 - -0.18%
1955 - -0.31%
1954 - -0.58%
1953 - -0.35%
1952 - -0.34%
1951 - 0.94%
1950 - -0.83%
1949 - -0.46%
1948 - -2.04%
1947 - -1.65%
1946 - -2.32%
1945 - -2.38%
1944 - -1.44%
1943 - 0.03%
1942 - -0.35%
1941 - -0.08%
1940 - -1.74%
1939 - -0.73%
1938 - -0.08%
1937 - -0.09%
1936 - 0.08%
1935 - 0.75%
1934 - 0.6%
1933 - -0.07%
1932 - -0.03%
1931 - 0.04%
1930 - 0.79%
1929 - 1.86%
1928 - 0.2%
1927 - -2.27%
1926 - -4.21%
1925 - -1.48%
1924 - -3.16%
1923 - -3.47%
1922 - -10%
1921 - -6.5%
1920 - -5.66%
1919 - -8.83%
1918 - -8.3%
1917 - -5.49%
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -0.34%
1912 - -0.02%
1911 - -0.73%
1910 - -0.19%
1909 - -0.82%
1908 - -0.56%
1907 - -0.69%
1906 - -0.45%
1905 - -0.75%
1904 - -0.26%
1903 - -0.91%
1902 - -0.5%
1901 - -0.69%
1900 - -0.35%
1899 - -0.77%
1898 - -0.5%
1897 - -0.93%
1896 - -1.35%
1895 - -0.2%
1894 - -0.16%
1893 - -0.02%
1892 - -0.8%
1891 - -2.15%
1890 - -2.01%
1889 - -1.95%
1888 - -2.14%
1887 - -0.67%
1886 - -1.43%
1885 - -1.68%
1884 - -1.48%
1883 - -1.1%
1882 - -0.39%
1881 - -1.2%
1880 - -1.63%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/burkina-faso/portugal | CC BY

In 2024, Burkina Faso's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.35B, equivalent to 5.84% of GDP. This compares to Portugal's surplus of $2.19B, or 0.7% of GDP.

Over the past 40 years, Burkina Faso recorded a fiscal deficit in 38 of those years, while Portugal ran a deficit in 37 years. On average, Burkina Faso posted an annual deficit equal to 3.4% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.75% of GDP for Portugal.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Burkina Faso

Portugal
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Burkina Faso Portugal
2024 4.19% 2.42%
2023 0.74% 4.31%
2022 14.3% 7.83%
2021 3.65% 1.27%
2020 1.88% -0.01%
2019 -3.23% 0.34%
2018 1.96% 0.99%
2017 1.48% 1.37%
2016 0.44% 0.61%
2015 0.72% 0.49%
2014 -0.26% -0.28%
2013 0.53% 0.27%
2012 3.82% 2.77%
2011 2.76% 3.65%
2010 -0.76% 1.4%
2009 2.61% -0.84%
2008 10.7% 2.59%
2007 -0.23% 2.45%
2006 2.33% 3.11%
2005 6.42% 2.28%
2004 -0.4% 2.37%
2003 2.03% 3.22%
2002 2.18% 3.6%
2001 5.01% 4.37%
2000 -0.3% 2.85%
1999 -1.07% 2.34%
1998 5.08% 2.57%
1997 2.32% 2.34%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/burkina-faso/portugal | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Burkina Faso has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.46%, compared with 2.17% in Portugal. In 2024, inflation was 4.19% in Burkina Faso and 2.42% in Portugal.

Top exports between countries

Burkina Faso
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $564K
Precious metals & jewellery $54K
Raw materials & minerals $10K
Wood & paper products $1K
Portugal
Export category Export value
Metals $2.84M
Machinery & equipment $2.48M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.25M
Chemicals & pharma $949K
Textiles & consumer goods $687K
Wood & paper products $97K
Raw materials & minerals $72K
Raw agricultural goods $15K
Animal & marine products $9K
Miscellaneous $5K

Balance of trade

Burkina Faso Portugal
Current account balance
-$1.02B
2023
$6.51B
2024
Current account balance ranking
122/190
2023
28/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-5.06%
2023
+2.08%
2024
Goods imports
$5.38B
2023
$109B
2024
Goods exports
$5.29B
2023
$81.4B
2024
Service imports
$1.45B
2023
$27.9B
2024
Service exports
$621M
2023
$62.7B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
31.9%
2024
43.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
28.6%
2024
45.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Burkina Faso Portugal
Economic freedom 49.1 71.2
Economic freedom ranking 167/197 33/197
Property rights 17.6 88.9
Government integrity 40.2 63.4
Judicial effectiveness 26.1 90.1
Tax burden 80.8 60.6
Government spending 72.9 44.6
Fiscal health 13.4 82
Business freedom 37.8 83.1
Labor freedom 62.1 54.8
Monetary freedom 71.9 77.7
Trade freedom 61 79.4
Investment freedom 65 70
Financial freedom 40 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Burkina Faso
Portugal
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Burkina Faso Portugal
2026 49.1 71.2
2025 51 70.5
2024 51.9 68.7
2023 56.2 69.5
2022 58.3 70.8
2021 56.5 67.5
2020 56.7 67
2019 59.4 65.3
2018 60 63.4
2017 59.6 62.6
2016 59.1 65.1
2015 58.6 65.3
2014 58.9 63.5
2013 59.9 63.1
2012 60.6 63
2011 60.6 64
2010 59.4 64.4
2009 59.5 64.9
2008 55.7 63.9
2007 55.1 64
2006 55.8 62.9
2005 56.6 62.4
2004 58 64.9
2003 58.9 64.9
2002 58.8 65.4
2001 56.7 66
2000 55.7 65.5
1999 55 65.6
1998 54.5 65
1997 54 63.6
1996 49.4 64.5
1995 - 62.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/burkina-faso/portugal | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Burkina Faso is 49.1, ranking 167/197, compared to 71.2 for Portugal, ranking 33/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Burkina Faso Portugal
Services, % of GDP
43.9%
2024
66.3%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
26.5%
2024
18.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
20.9%
2024
2.02%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$20.1B
2024
$288B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$2,720
2024
$50,730
2024
Total reserves including gold n/a
$42.4B
2024
Total reserves ranking n/a
48/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$64.3M
2023
-$6.64B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$82.9M
2024
$13.5B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.73M
2024
$6.84B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
4.07%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
43.2%
2021
16.4%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.9%
2024
20.4%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/burkina-faso/portugal | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2001, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.