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Economy of Burkina Faso vs Turkey compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Burkina Faso has a GDP of $23.1B compared to $1.36T for Turkey, ranking 122/197 and 17/197 by economy size, respectively.

Burkina Faso has $12.2B in government debt (49.8% of GDP), compared to $353B (27.1% of GDP) in Turkey.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Burkina Faso
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Turkey
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Burkina Faso Turkey
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $330,442,816 $1,166,782,786 $7,566,666,667 $69,393,850,612
1961 $350,247,234 $1,213,966,642 $7,988,888,889 $70,196,091,674
1962 $379,567,099 $1,288,368,214 $8,922,222,222 $74,107,016,789
1963 $394,040,667 $1,272,031,494 $10,355,555,556 $80,825,785,367
1964 $410,321,645 $1,301,069,674 $11,177,777,778 $85,238,110,897
1965 $422,916,790 $1,350,049,032 $11,966,666,667 $87,644,834,141
1966 $433,889,766 $1,357,307,072 $14,100,000,000 $97,472,287,281
1967 $450,753,924 $1,477,066,551 $15,644,444,444 $102,085,173,262
1968 $460,442,689 $1,522,423,925 $17,500,000,000 $109,004,502,233
1969 $478,298,645 $1,553,269,468 $19,466,666,667 $113,453,134,702
1970 $458,404,269 $1,555,087,098 $17,863,636,364 $117,121,651,993
1971 $482,411,179 $1,577,065,764 $16,166,666,667 $123,641,456,553
1972 $578,595,522 $1,613,519,619 $20,650,000,000 $132,822,809,400
1973 $674,773,570 $1,620,769,605 $26,000,000,000 $137,155,933,759
1974 $751,133,430 $1,755,073,487 $35,414,285,714 $144,829,087,365
1975 $939,972,703 $1,807,697,310 $46,042,857,143 $155,219,289,300
1976 $976,547,188 $1,961,982,376 $51,450,000,000 $171,457,057,860
1977 $1,131,224,878 $1,969,248,648 $58,683,333,333 $177,298,033,677
1978 $1,475,583,645 $2,059,988,180 $65,912,500,000 $179,962,704,354
1979 $1,748,480,621 $2,135,478,950 $89,616,129,032 $178,839,532,695
1980 $1,928,719,888 $2,152,496,130 $68,823,684,211 $174,462,702,630
1981 $1,775,842,334 $2,244,091,371 $71,180,180,180 $182,935,743,325
1982 $1,754,450,096 $2,458,675,800 $64,369,325,153 $189,454,160,610
1983 $1,600,278,605 $2,467,182,444 $61,803,555,556 $198,872,079,969
1984 $1,459,880,132 $2,423,298,751 $59,937,602,180 $212,220,405,224
1985 $1,552,493,196 $2,629,699,951 $67,232,758,621 $221,221,385,068
1986 $2,036,303,358 $2,838,902,120 $75,673,037,037 $236,733,497,412
1987 $2,369,834,950 $2,832,192,750 $87,190,081,680 $259,188,945,262
1988 $2,616,040,479 $2,996,335,114 $90,875,175,809 $265,204,038,481
1989 $2,615,587,734 $3,060,764,327 $107,127,191,329 $265,973,777,473
1990 $3,101,300,779 $3,042,310,108 $150,655,500,192 $290,619,297,801
1991 $3,135,045,584 $3,318,247,161 $151,034,731,544 $292,712,567,677
1992 $3,356,692,505 $3,325,969,080 $159,104,772,992 $307,452,504,005
1993 $3,199,536,465 $3,441,093,673 $180,415,757,852 $330,976,510,460
1994 $1,895,290,637 $3,486,344,305 $130,650,447,499 $315,526,039,212
1995 $2,379,517,975 $3,685,636,779 $234,699,627,004 $340,384,022,645
1996 $2,586,550,595 $4,091,600,230 $250,366,965,174 $364,748,025,041
1997 $2,447,669,102 $4,350,059,855 $263,817,553,748 $391,585,682,739
1998 $2,804,902,367 $4,667,950,033 $276,035,372,655 $399,059,372,123
1999 $3,389,566,713 $5,013,156,038 $256,673,939,248 $386,877,005,104
2000 $2,968,370,088 $5,107,828,181 $274,748,463,179 $413,901,474,163
2001 $3,190,371,081 $5,445,629,584 $202,195,080,239 $391,304,902,374
2002 $3,622,350,063 $5,682,675,870 $240,778,008,474 $416,487,363,950
2003 $4,740,768,143 $6,126,066,307 $315,392,899,922 $440,639,854,395
2004 $5,451,688,538 $6,400,419,255 $410,156,784,496 $484,375,146,823
2005 $6,146,353,173 $6,954,815,456 $508,314,210,213 $528,509,363,516
2006 $6,547,419,820 $7,389,711,521 $559,668,118,237 $565,862,429,107
2007 $7,625,722,837 $7,693,530,570 $685,228,481,017 $594,767,729,618
2008 $9,451,435,490 $8,139,754,707 $775,415,944,333 $600,240,295,873
2009 $9,450,696,873 $8,380,850,242 $653,894,449,921 $570,932,398,858
2010 $10,109,619,741 $9,088,720,452 $782,545,664,268 $619,702,577,582
2011 $12,080,295,978 $9,690,626,654 $844,192,507,381 $687,745,688,382
2012 $12,561,015,157 $10,315,931,044 $885,327,622,479 $720,809,935,556
2013 $13,444,300,486 $10,913,490,102 $962,167,643,589 $781,994,134,596
2014 $13,943,016,077 $11,385,699,970 $942,343,431,929 $817,972,077,518
2015 $11,832,159,316 $11,832,159,316 $865,460,050,684 $865,460,050,684
2016 $12,833,363,045 $12,537,116,612 $870,818,016,910 $894,225,044,187
2017 $14,106,955,615 $13,314,855,313 $863,874,522,365 $964,205,820,086
2018 $15,890,066,221 $14,194,244,129 $788,356,985,774 $997,645,953,749
2019 $16,032,813,503 $15,030,172,259 $775,853,144,223 $1,010,631,549,473
2020 $17,725,010,533 $15,332,394,849 $733,628,247,119 $1,028,853,867,660
2021 $19,697,516,284 $16,396,850,183 $839,938,668,172 $1,150,372,769,728
2022 $18,622,421,395 $16,663,583,087 $926,097,476,914 $1,212,967,141,770
2023 $20,112,614,449 $17,163,536,264 $1,141,242,864,657 $1,274,162,834,490
2024 $23,124,729,853 $17,987,353,311 $1,359,123,768,774 $1,316,562,171,167

Economic indicators

Burkina Faso Turkey
Gross domestic product
$23.1B
2024
$1.36T
2024
GDP rank
122/197
2024
17/197
2024
GDP growth
15%
2023-2024
19.1%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$982
2024
$15,893
2024
GDP per capita rank
180/197
2024
66/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$2,896
2024
$45,123
2024
Government debt
$12.2B
2024
$353B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
49.8%
2026
27.1%
2026
Government debt per person
$517
2024
$4,127
2024
Government debt per person rank
166/185
2024
91/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,810
2026
$9,587
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$379B
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
60,787
2024
Number of billionaires n/a
32
2025
Income share by richest 10%
30.2%
2021
35.2%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
3%
2021
2.1%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
23.6%
2026
32%
2026
Consumer prices inflation
4.19%
2023-2024
58.5%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
40.5%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.44%
2024
8.71%
2024
Population
24607478
85963745

GDP per capita in Burkina Faso vs Turkey

Burkina Faso's GDP per capita is $982, ranking 180/197, compared to $15,893 in Turkey, ranking 66/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Burkina Faso ranks 181st at $2,896, while Turkey ranks 51st at $45,123.

Burkina Faso
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Turkey
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Burkina Faso Turkey
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $69.2 - $267.1 -
1961 $72.2 - $274.4 -
1962 $77.2 - $298.2 -
1963 $78.9 - $337 -
1964 $80.9 - $354 -
1965 $82.1 - $370 -
1966 $82.8 - $425 -
1967 $84.6 - $459 -
1968 $85 - $501 -
1969 $86.8 - $544 -
1970 $81.7 - $488 -
1971 $84.5 - $431 -
1972 $99.6 - $537 -
1973 $114.1 - $661 -
1974 $124.7 - $881 -
1975 $152.9 - $1,122 -
1976 $155.5 - $1,228 -
1977 $176 - $1,372 -
1978 $223.9 - $1,510 -
1979 $258.5 - $2,013 -
1980 $277.6 - $1,516 -
1981 $248.7 - $1,537 -
1982 $239 - $1,360 -
1983 $211.9 - $1,276 -
1984 $187.8 - $1,209 -
1985 $194.1 - $1,326 -
1986 $247.5 - $1,461 -
1987 $280.2 - $1,650 -
1988 $301 - $1,686 -
1989 $293.2 - $1,949 -
1990 $339 $567 $2,690 $8,201
1991 $334 $623 $2,649 $8,409
1992 $349 $623 $2,744 $8,963
1993 $324 $644 $3,058 $9,743
1994 $187.2 $650 $2,176 $9,247
1995 $229.1 $684 $3,846 $9,955
1996 $242.7 $753 $4,041 $10,621
1997 $223.9 $794 $4,197 $11,511
1998 $249.5 $838 $4,331 $8,762
1999 $292.8 $886 $3,974 $8,470
2000 $248.9 $896 $4,199 $9,324
2001 $259.5 $948 $3,052 $9,015
2002 $285.7 $974 $3,591 $9,154
2003 $362 $1,038 $4,650 $9,475
2004 $404 $1,079 $5,980 $10,761
2005 $441 $1,172 $7,332 $11,803
2006 $456 $1,244 $7,990 $13,558
2007 $515 $1,290 $9,767 $14,952
2008 $619 $1,351 $10,913 $16,142
2009 $602 $1,360 $9,077 $15,552
2010 $625 $1,449 $10,699 $17,468
2011 $725 $1,531 $11,374 $19,717
2012 $731 $1,572 $11,777 $20,739
2013 $760 $1,643 $12,636 $22,475
2014 $765 $1,661 $12,209 $24,193
2015 $630 $1,692 $11,065 $25,897
2016 $664 $1,882 $10,984 $26,731
2017 $709 $2,042 $10,756 $28,354
2018 $777 $2,073 $9,684 $28,640
2019 $765 $2,232 $9,395 $29,016
2020 $825 $2,381 $8,798 $29,209
2021 $896 $2,486 $9,982 $32,106
2022 $827 $2,645 $10,898 $39,919
2023 $873 $2,759 $13,375 $43,196
2024 $982 $2,896 $15,893 $45,123

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Burkina Faso's government spending was $6.18B, accounting for 23.6% of its GDP, while Turkey's spent $461B, or 32% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 49.8% in Burkina Faso and 27.1% in Turkey, ranking 114/185 and 168/185, respectively.

Burkina Faso
Government spending

Government debt
Turkey
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Burkina Faso Turkey
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 - - 15.6% 19.9%
1961 - - 22.9% 28.9%
1962 - - 15.7% 28.8%
1963 - - 17.5% 27.6%
1964 - - 18.9% 25.7%
1965 - - 19% 33.4%
1966 - - 18.9% 33.4%
1967 - - 20.1% 33.3%
1968 - - 19% 33.2%
1969 - - 20.5% 33.2%
1970 - - 22.7% 39.8%
1971 - - 24.8% 34.4%
1972 - - 21.9% 30.1%
1973 - - 21.8% 23.1%
1974 - - 19% 19%
1975 - - 22% 20.2%
1976 - - 23.3% 20.4%
1977 - - 27.8% 24%
1978 - - 27.6% 25.8%
1979 - - 28.3% 23.6%
1980 - - 25.5% 22.4%
1981 - - 24% 32%
1982 - - 19.2% 33.4%
1983 - - 14.9% 32.7%
1984 - - 14.1% 42.6%
1985 11.5% 28.5% 18% 44.3%
1986 16.3% 27.6% 12.1% 38.2%
1987 19.2% 30.7% 13.3% 40.3%
1988 16.2% 28.8% 12.9% 38.6%
1989 14.2% 25.5% 13.8% 33.5%
1990 18.4% 25.6% 14.1% 25.8%
1991 17% 28.7% 18.2% 28.4%
1992 16.7% 29.6% 18.6% 29.2%
1993 17.9% 33.6% 22% 29.1%
1994 17.8% 55.1% 20.5% 39.2%
1995 19.4% 48.9% 19.4% 34.6%
1996 19.8% 45.8% 24.5% 35.5%
1997 20% 48.4% 26.4% 32.5%
1998 19.7% 47.7% 27.9% 36.5%
1999 21.4% 46.4% 32.7% 52.1%
2000 19.8% 47.5% 39.5% 51.3%
2001 19.7% 46.6% 44% 75.5%
2002 19.5% 43.3% 41% 71.5%
2003 17.6% 39.7% 38.4% 65.2%
2004 20.3% 40.7% 34.6% 57.2%
2005 20.2% 39.2% 32.1% 50.2%
2006 21.9% 20.1% 33.6% 44.2%
2007 22.8% 22.4% 32.9% 37.8%
2008 18.6% 24.9% 33.7% 37.7%
2009 21.5% 25.9% 37.2% 43.2%
2010 21.7% 22.7% 35.5% 39.5%
2011 20.4% 28.4% 32.8% 35.9%
2012 22.7% 25.2% 34.1% 32.2%
2013 25.3% 25.9% 33.7% 30.9%
2014 20.9% 26.1% 32.6% 28.3%
2015 20.4% 31.3% 32.5% 27.2%
2016 21.6% 32.9% 33.8% 27.7%
2017 26.3% 33.9% 32.6% 27.8%
2018 24.2% 38.1% 34.3% 29.9%
2019 23.3% 41.7% 35.5% 32.4%
2020 24.4% 43.6% 34.7% 39.4%
2021 27.8% 55.4% 31.3% 40.4%
2022 31.3% 56.4% 27.3% 30.8%
2023 27.9% 52.7% 33.2% 29.3%
2024 26.7% 52.7% 33.9% 26%
2025 24.1% 50.2% 32.9% 26.7%
2026 23.6% 49.8% 32% 27.1%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Burkina Faso's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$1.31B, equivalent to -5.68% of GDP. This compares to Turkey's deficit of -$70.7B, or -5.2% of GDP.

Over the past 40 years, Burkina Faso recorded a fiscal deficit in 38 of those years, while Turkey ran a deficit in 40 years. On average, Burkina Faso posted an annual deficit equal to -3.37% of GDP, compared to deficit of -4.82% of GDP for Turkey.

Deficit/surplus
Burkina Faso

Turkey
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Burkina Faso Turkey
1936 - 1.43%
1937 - 1.43%
1938 - 1.18%
1939 - 1.18%
1940 - 1.18%
1941 - 1.18%
1942 - 1.18%
1943 - 0.22%
1944 - 0.22%
1945 - 1.01%
1946 - 1.01%
1947 - 1.01%
1948 - 0.84%
1949 - 0.81%
1950 - -0.53%
1951 - 0.48%
1952 - -0.1%
1953 - -0.12%
1954 - -1.12%
1955 - -0.85%
1956 - -0.84%
1957 - -0.66%
1958 - -0.45%
1959 - -0.78%
1960 - -0.83%
1961 - -1%
1962 - -0.16%
1963 - 0%
1964 - -0.84%
1965 - -1.18%
1966 - -0.66%
1967 - 0.1%
1968 - -0.62%
1969 - -1.45%
1970 - 0.14%
1971 - -3.05%
1972 - -0.13%
1973 - -0.98%
1974 - -1.02%
1975 - -0.19%
1976 - -0.6%
1977 - -5.1%
1978 - -1.83%
1979 - -3.06%
1980 - -3.67%
1981 - -1.5%
1982 - -1.61%
1983 - -1.45%
1984 - -3.77%
1985 -1.21% -5.84%
1986 -5.1% -2.43%
1987 -5.27% -3.47%
1988 -4.32% -3.2%
1989 1.96% -3.87%
1990 -7.54% -3.65%
1991 -2.77% -6.86%
1992 -2.51% -6.73%
1993 -3.81% -8.84%
1994 -1.89% -6.04%
1995 -2.65% -5.95%
1996 -1.67% -10.7%
1997 -2.64% -10.1%
1998 -2.6% -9.84%
1999 -3.29% -13.8%
2000 -3.03% -8.37%
2001 -3.56% -11.7%
2002 -4.43% -11.3%
2003 -1.79% -7.57%
2004 -4.19% -4.12%
2005 -4.89% -0.75%
2006 14.3% -0.22%
2007 -5.01% -1.38%
2008 -3.63% -2.14%
2009 -4.16% -5.18%
2010 -4.06% -3.02%
2011 -2.04% -0.35%
2012 -2.76% -1.79%
2013 -3.55% -1.21%
2014 -1.74% -0.97%
2015 -2.09% -0.51%
2016 -3.08% -1.68%
2017 -6.92% -1.88%
2018 -4.43% -3.13%
2019 -3.39% -4.78%
2020 -5.16% -4.72%
2021 -7.43% -3.05%
2022 -10.4% -1.12%
2023 -6.56% -5.32%
2024 -5.68% -5.2%
2025 -4.31% -4.33%
2026 -3.65% -3.39%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 28 years, Burkina Faso has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.46%, compared with 27.8% in Turkey. In 2024, inflation was 4.19% in Burkina Faso and 58.5% in Turkey.

Inflation
Burkina Faso

Turkey
Year Inflation
Burkina Faso Turkey
1997 2.32% 85.7%
1998 5.08% 84.6%
1999 -1.07% 64.9%
2000 -0.3% 54.9%
2001 5.01% 54.4%
2002 2.18% 45%
2003 2.03% 21.6%
2004 -0.4% 8.6%
2005 6.42% 8.18%
2006 2.33% 9.6%
2007 -0.23% 8.76%
2008 10.7% 10.4%
2009 2.61% 6.25%
2010 -0.76% 8.57%
2011 2.76% 6.47%
2012 3.82% 8.89%
2013 0.53% 7.49%
2014 -0.26% 8.85%
2015 0.72% 7.67%
2016 0.44% 7.78%
2017 1.48% 11.1%
2018 1.96% 16.3%
2019 -3.23% 15.2%
2020 1.88% 12.3%
2021 3.65% 19.6%
2022 14.3% 72.3%
2023 0.74% 53.9%
2024 4.19% 58.5%

Top exports between countries

Burkina Faso
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $11.5M
Machinery & equipment $5.63M
Raw agricultural goods $601K
Chemicals & pharma $316K
Textiles & consumer goods $65K
Metals $57K
Precious metals & jewellery $55K
Weapons & explosives $17K
Wood & paper products $16K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2K
Turkey
Export category Export value
Weapons & explosives $82.7M
Machinery & equipment $41.5M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $16.6M
Raw materials & minerals $9.77M
Textiles & consumer goods $6.1M
Metals $4.84M
Chemicals & pharma $3.04M
Animal & marine products $1.36M
Raw agricultural goods $538K
Wood & paper products $426K

Balance of trade

Burkina Faso Turkey
Current account balance
-$1.02B
2023
-$10.2B
2024
Current account balance ranking
122/190
2023
176/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-5.06%
2023
-0.75%
2024
Goods imports
$5.38B
2023
$314B
2024
Goods exports
$5.29B
2023
$257B
2024
Service imports
$1.45B
2023
$53.3B
2024
Service exports
$621M
2023
$115B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
31.9%
2024
27%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
28.6%
2024
27.6%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Burkina Faso Turkey
Economic freedom 51 56.1
Economic freedom ranking 157/197 122/197
Property rights 28.1 40.6
Government integrity 40.7 34.3
Judicial effectiveness 35.7 23.8
Tax burden 82 72.2
Government spending 73.3 71.9
Fiscal health 13.7 82.3
Business freedom 38.6 58.5
Labor freedom 61.9 48.4
Monetary freedom 71.9 37.9
Trade freedom 61.4 72.8
Investment freedom 65 70
Financial freedom 40 60

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Burkina Faso is 51, ranking 157/197, compared to 56.1 for Turkey, ranking 122/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Burkina Faso
Turkey
Year Economic freedom index
Burkina Faso Turkey
1995 - 58.4
1996 49.4 56.7
1997 54 60.8
1998 54.5 60.9
1999 55 59.2
2000 55.7 63.4
2001 56.7 60.6
2002 58.8 54.2
2003 58.9 51.9
2004 58 52.8
2005 56.6 50.6
2006 55.8 57
2007 55.1 57.4
2008 55.7 59.9
2009 59.5 61.6
2010 59.4 63.8
2011 60.6 64.2
2012 60.6 62.5
2013 59.9 62.9
2014 58.9 64.9
2015 58.6 63.2
2016 59.1 62.1
2017 59.6 65.2
2018 60 65.4
2019 59.4 64.6
2020 56.7 64.4
2021 56.5 64
2022 58.3 56.9
2023 56.2 56.9
2024 51.9 56.2
2025 51 56.1

More economic indicators

Burkina Faso Turkey
Services, % of GDP
43.9%
2024
57.5%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
26.5%
2024
25.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
20.9%
2024
5.82%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$20.1B
2024
$1.15T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$2,720
2024
$44,600
2024
Total reserves including gold n/a
$155B
2024
Total reserves ranking n/a
21/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$64.3M
2023
-$5.13B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$82.9M
2024
$11.7B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.73M
2024
$6.61B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
4.07%
2024
6.67%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
43.2%
2021
13.6%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.9%
2024
30.7%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.