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Economy of Italy vs Morocco compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Italy has a GDP of $2.38T compared to $161B for Morocco, ranking 8/197 and 58/197 by economy size, respectively.

Italy has $3.22T in government debt (135.3% of GDP), compared to $109B (67.7% of GDP) in Morocco.

Italy vs Morocco GDP by year

Italy
Morocco
1x
Year GDP, current $
Italy Morocco
2024 $2,380,825,077,244 $160,610,994,055
2023 $2,316,727,999,333 $146,036,093,667
2022 $2,104,067,630,319 $131,245,312,804
2021 $2,179,207,773,596 $142,022,058,447
2020 $1,907,481,094,079 $121,353,645,057
2019 $2,019,606,796,584 $128,920,266,409
2018 $2,099,435,266,459 $127,341,147,582
2017 $1,970,720,904,585 $118,540,573,368
2016 $1,887,111,188,177 $111,572,947,005
2015 $1,845,428,048,839 $110,413,823,842
2014 $2,173,255,507,986 $119,130,841,412
2013 $2,153,225,581,941 $115,739,287,305
2012 $2,097,929,495,122 $106,937,392,311
2011 $2,306,974,020,278 $110,080,631,332
2010 $2,144,936,254,535 $100,865,329,473
2009 $2,209,484,319,013 $101,154,952,241
2008 $2,417,508,414,187 $101,822,906,949
2007 $2,222,524,108,128 $86,947,913,287
2006 $1,958,563,654,386 $75,883,823,301
2005 $1,864,982,261,287 $68,852,658,069
2004 $1,812,808,753,295 $66,114,145,451
2003 $1,582,930,016,539 $58,029,363,354
2002 $1,281,746,271,196 $47,077,192,188
2001 $1,172,041,488,806 $43,831,480,208
2000 $1,149,661,363,439 $43,017,455,402
1999 $1,255,004,736,464 $46,266,428,648
1998 $1,272,729,786,997 $46,497,608,725
1997 $1,244,988,176,444 $39,147,844,526
1996 $1,314,776,508,972 $43,161,571,528
1995 $1,177,369,428,266 $39,030,285,468
1994 $1,101,750,159,702 $35,604,137,423
1993 $1,067,412,587,671 $31,655,473,664
1992 $1,323,204,350,354 $33,711,069,431
1991 $1,249,092,439,519 $32,285,573,574
1990 $1,183,945,130,899 $30,179,954,775
1989 $930,801,709,004 $26,314,313,191
1988 $893,663,934,841 $25,705,296,184
1987 $807,570,134,449 $21,765,195,948
1986 $641,862,313,287 $19,462,085,540
1985 $453,259,761,687 $14,991,283,216
1984 $438,896,930,791 $14,824,667,954
1983 $444,063,496,940 $16,251,408,128
1982 $428,257,421,618 $17,692,276,734
1981 $431,695,533,981 $17,788,185,479
1980 $478,356,755,596 $21,728,516,153
1979 $394,584,507,108 $15,911,994,817
1978 $315,784,469,541 $13,236,946,234
1977 $258,190,019,750 $11,049,783,872
1976 $225,235,205,862 $9,584,297,284
1975 $228,220,643,535 $8,984,853,005
1974 $200,024,444,775 $7,675,466,449
1973 $175,896,529,392 $6,242,145,880
1972 $145,594,833,997 $5,074,117,545
1971 $124,959,712,859 $4,356,669,034
1970 $113,656,669,765 $3,956,336,244
1969 $100,996,667,239 $3,651,622,669
1968 $91,485,448,148 $3,271,422,333
1967 $84,401,995,573 $3,046,345,314
1966 $76,622,444,787 $2,876,401,297
1965 $70,717,012,186 $2,948,331,090
1964 $65,720,771,779 $2,798,345,299
1963 $60,035,924,618 $2,657,252,578
1962 $52,413,872,628 $2,379,611,125
1961 $46,649,487,320 $2,025,693,540
1960 $42,012,422,612 $2,037,154,742

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/morocco | CC BY

GDP per capita in Italy vs Morocco by year

Italy
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Morocco
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Italy Morocco
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $40,385 $62,014 $4,218 $10,415
2023 $39,277 $60,030 $3,872 $9,895
2022 $35,654 $57,261 $3,516 $9,310
2021 $36,853 $49,825 $3,843 $8,623
2020 $32,091 $44,436 $3,317 $7,705
2019 $33,813 $46,662 $3,560 $8,046
2018 $34,904 $43,387 $3,553 $7,801
2017 $32,844 $42,142 $3,344 $8,115
2016 $31,392 $40,483 $3,186 $7,853
2015 $30,640 $37,384 $3,190 $7,799
2014 $36,028 $36,666 $3,483 $7,237
2013 $35,702 $36,459 $3,425 $7,542
2012 $34,854 $36,281 $3,206 $7,308
2011 $38,432 $36,392 $3,345 $7,274
2010 $35,857 $34,974 $3,107 $6,849
2009 $37,100 $34,502 $3,158 $6,629
2008 $40,829 $35,422 $3,222 $6,437
2007 $37,826 $34,108 $2,788 $6,058
2006 $33,537 $32,454 $2,466 $5,781
2005 $32,063 $30,138 $2,268 $5,275
2004 $31,348 $29,581 $2,207 $5,025
2003 $27,578 $29,249 $1,962 $4,741
2002 $22,451 $28,833 $1,612 $4,436
2001 $20,570 $28,134 $1,521 $4,269
2000 $20,190 $27,152 $1,513 $3,930
1999 $22,050 $25,655 $1,651 $3,801
1998 $22,365 $25,075 $1,683 $3,740
1997 $21,884 $23,937 $1,439 $3,502
1996 $23,123 $23,101 $1,610 $3,551
1995 $20,712 $22,446 $1,478 $3,152
1994 $19,382 $21,369 $1,369 $3,315
1993 $18,782 $20,485 $1,236 $2,979
1992 $23,297 $20,196 $1,337 $2,979
1991 $22,007 $19,596 $1,302 $3,025
1990 $20,874 $18,680 $1,238 $2,777
1989 $16,424 - $1,099 -
1988 $15,781 - $1,094 -
1987 $14,268 - $944 -
1986 $11,341 - $861 -
1985 $8,009 - $678 -
1984 $7,758 - $687 -
1983 $7,851 - $772 -
1982 $7,574 - $862 -
1981 $7,640 - $890 -
1980 $8,476 - $1,117 -
1979 $7,006 - $839 -
1978 $5,623 - $716 -
1977 $4,614 - $613 -
1976 $4,042 - $545 -
1975 $4,116 - $524 -
1974 $3,629 - $459 -
1973 $3,213 - $382 -
1972 $2,677 - $319 -
1971 $2,311 - $280.6 -
1970 $2,112 - $261.5 -
1969 $1,886 - $247.8 -
1968 $1,718 - $228 -
1967 $1,595 - $218.1 -
1966 $1,459 - $211.5 -
1965 $1,357 - $222.7 -
1964 $1,272 - $216.9 -
1963 $1,171 - $211.3 -
1962 $1,030 - $194.2 -
1961 $923 - $169.8 -
1960 $837 - $175.2 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/morocco | CC BY

Italy's GDP per capita is $40,385, ranking 29/197, compared to $4,218 in Morocco, ranking 127/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Italy ranks 31st at $62,014, while Morocco ranks 132nd at $10,415.

Economic indicators

Italy Morocco
Gross domestic product
$2.38T
2024
$161B
2024
GDP rank
8/197
2024
58/197
2024
GDP growth
0.69%
2023-2024
3.79%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$40,385
2024
$4,218
2024
GDP per capita rank
29/197
2024
127/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$62,014
2024
$10,415
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
31/197
2024
132/197
2024
Government debt
$3.22T
2024
$109B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
135.3%
2024
67.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$54,652
2024
$2,857
2024
Government debt per person rank
6/185
2024
104/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$23,800
2026
$5,678
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$587B
2014
$74.5B
2024
Number of millionaires
1,344,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
74
2025
3
2025
Income share by richest 10%
25.8%
2023
31.9%
2013
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2023
2.7%
2013
Government expenditure, % of GDP
50.6%
2024
33%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
0.98%
2023-2024
0.99%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.5%
2024
11.8%
2022
Population
58562681
38871720

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Italy
Spending

Debt
Morocco
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Italy Morocco
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 50.6% 135.3% 33% 67.7%
2023 54% 134.6% 32% 68.7%
2022 54.9% 138.3% 33.7% 71.4%
2021 56% 145.8% 31% 69.4%
2020 56.8% 154.4% 34.1% 72.2%
2019 48.4% 133.9% 27.6% 60.3%
2018 48.3% 134.2% 27.8% 60.5%
2017 48.8% 133.7% 27.9% 60.3%
2016 49% 134.2% 28.6% 60.1%
2015 50.2% 134.8% 28.5% 58.4%
2014 50.7% 134.8% 30.7% 58.6%
2013 50.9% 131.9% 30.4% 57.1%
2012 50.5% 125.9% 32.5% 52.3%
2011 49% 119.1% 31.2% 48.6%
2010 49.8% 118.8% 28.7% 45.3%
2009 51.1% 116.1% 28.1% 42.6%
2008 47.8% 105.8% 28.3% 42%
2007 46.6% 103.5% 26.4% 47.1%
2006 47.6% 106.3% 26% 50.6%
2005 47.1% 106.2% 28.6% 54.8%
2004 46.7% 104.7% 24.5% 54.4%
2003 47% 105.1% 24.1% 56.9%
2002 46.5% 105.9% 25.8% 59.4%
2001 47.1% 108.5% 23.7% 60.4%
2000 46.4% 108.7% 22.8% 64.9%
1999 47.1% 113.1% 18.4% 63.4%
1998 48% 113.9% 18.7% 64.5%
1997 49.3% 116.5% 18.6% 68%
1996 51.3% 118.9% 17.6% 65.3%
1995 51.4% 119.1% 21.3% 72.2%
1994 55.1% 130.8% 21.7% 69.3%
1993 57.8% 124.1% 23.1% 74.7%
1992 56.8% 113% 22.3% 67%
1991 55.3% 105.3% 20.8% 59.1%
1990 54.2% 101.7% 22.6% 70.5%
1989 51.6% 91.8% - -
1988 50.4% 89.2% - -
1987 49.8% 87.4% - -
1986 50.5% 83.4% - -
1985 49.8% 79.1% - -
1984 49.1% 73.1% - -
1983 48.9% 67.8% - -
1982 46.7% 61.8% - -
1981 44.6% 57.3% - -
1980 40.8% 55.1% - -
1979 40.1% 58.9% - -
1978 40.9% 59.9% - -
1977 38.5% 56% - -
1976 38.1% 57.3% - -
1975 39.1% 57.9% - -
1974 34.8% 50.8% - -
1973 35.3% 51.1% - -
1972 36.4% 48.2% - -
1971 34.4% 42.4% - -
1970 32.3% 37.8% - -
1969 32.1% 37% - -
1968 32.6% 36.4% - -
1967 17.9% 33.3% - -
1966 19.1% 33.4% - -
1965 18.6% 28.4% - -
1964 18.2% 27.2% - -
1963 16.7% 27.2% - -
1962 17.5% 29% - -
1961 17.3% 30% - -
1960 16.5% 31.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/morocco | CC BY

In 2024, Italy's government spending was $1.2T, accounting for 50.6% of its GDP, while Morocco spent $53.1B, or 33% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 135.3% in Italy and 67.7% in Morocco, ranking 8/185 and 60/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Italy

Morocco
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Italy Morocco
2024 -3.45% -3.92%
2023 -7.24% -4.41%
2022 -8.11% -5.37%
2021 -8.88% -5.92%
2020 -9.38% -7.15%
2019 -1.45% -3.8%
2018 -2.19% -3.52%
2017 -2.51% -3.3%
2016 -2.4% -4.49%
2015 -2.46% -4.59%
2014 -2.82% -4.78%
2013 -2.87% -4.7%
2012 -2.99% -6.63%
2011 -3.52% -6.08%
2010 -4.16% -3.93%
2009 -5.06% -1.63%
2008 -2.58% 0.63%
2007 -1.33% -0.12%
2006 -3.61% -1.8%
2005 -4.1% -5.46%
2004 -3.46% -3.31%
2003 -3.23% -3.74%
2002 -2.88% -4.37%
2001 -3.18% -3.79%
2000 -2.42% -1.97%
1999 -1.77% 3.21%
1998 -2.99% 1.47%
1997 -2.98% 1.5%
1996 -6.61% 0.87%
1995 -7.2% -2.54%
1994 -8.84% -2.51%
1993 -9.76% -2%
1992 -10.1% -1.84%
1991 -11.1% -0.9%
1990 -11.1% -1.32%
1989 -11.4% -
1988 -11% -
1987 -11.5% -
1986 -12% -
1985 -12.4% -
1984 -11.5% -
1983 -10.1% -
1982 -10% -
1981 -10.9% -
1980 -6.97% -
1979 -8.23% -
1978 -8.47% -
1977 -6.96% -
1976 -7.88% -
1975 -10.3% -
1974 -6.24% -
1973 -6.36% -
1972 -6.84% -
1971 -4.71% -
1970 -3.22% -
1969 -2.85% -
1968 -2.55% -
1967 -0.97% -
1966 -1.59% -
1965 -2.67% -
1964 -2.35% -
1963 -0.3% -
1962 -0.95% -
1961 -0.57% -
1960 -0.28% -
1959 -1% -
1958 -0.98% -
1957 -1.09% -
1956 -1.46% -
1955 -2.03% -
1954 -1.84% -
1953 -2.33% -
1952 -4.08% -
1951 -3.86% -
1950 -2.42% -
1949 -2.82% -
1948 -4.58% -
1947 -6.62% -
1946 -9.82% -
1945 -16.9% -
1944 -35.1% -
1943 -16.1% -
1942 -26.9% -
1941 -25.1% -
1940 -24.3% -
1939 -9.49% -
1938 -5.97% -
1937 -5.78% -
1936 -7.93% -
1935 -9.83% -
1934 -2.5% -
1933 -4.85% -
1932 -3.06% -
1931 -2.14% -
1930 -0.55% -
1929 -0.59% -
1928 -2.09% -
1927 -1.71% -
1926 -0.09% -
1925 1.7% -
1924 1.19% -
1923 -3.21% -
1922 -11% -
1921 -7.77% -
1920 -5.89% -
1919 -11.2% -
1918 -22.7% -
1917 -27.6% -
1916 -28.2% -
1915 -25.8% -
1914 -12.4% -
1913 -0.86% -
1912 -1.86% -
1911 -0.63% -
1910 -0.32% -
1909 -0.69% -
1908 -1.31% -
1907 -0.51% -
1906 -0.69% -
1905 -1.57% -
1904 0.58% -
1903 0.32% -
1902 0.48% -
1901 0.36% -
1900 0.28% -
1899 -0.11% -
1898 -0.21% -
1897 0.009% -
1896 -0.43% -
1895 -0.69% -
1894 -0.23% -
1893 -0.49% -
1892 -0.25% -
1891 -1.41% -
1890 -0.32% -
1889 -1.32% -
1888 -2.11% -
1887 -1.94% -
1886 -0.5% -
1885 0.2% -
1884 -1.46% -
1883 -0.51% -
1882 -0.5% -
1881 -0.04% -
1880 0.38% -
1879 0.73% -
1878 0.09% -
1877 -0.009% -
1876 -0.05% -
1875 0.58% -
1874 -0.08% -
1873 0.21% -
1872 0% -
1871 -0.13% -
1870 -0.82% -
1869 0.33% -
1868 -0.79% -
1867 -1.45% -
1866 -3.1% -
1865 -2.72% -
1864 -3.06% -
1863 -4.16% -
1862 -3.96% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1862–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/morocco | CC BY

In 2024, Italy's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $82B, equivalent to 3.45% of GDP. This compares to Morocco's deficit of $6.3B, or 3.92% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Italy recorded a fiscal deficit in 35 of those years, while Morocco ran a deficit in 30 years. On average, Italy posted an annual deficit equal to 4.82% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.92% of GDP for Morocco.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Italy

Morocco
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Italy Morocco
2024 0.98% 0.99%
2023 5.62% 6.09%
2022 8.2% 6.66%
2021 1.87% 1.4%
2020 -0.14% 0.71%
2019 0.61% 0.3%
2018 1.14% 1.8%
2017 1.23% 0.75%
2016 -0.09% 1.64%
2015 0.04% 1.56%
2014 0.24% 0.44%
2013 1.22% 1.88%
2012 3.04% 1.29%
2011 2.78% 0.91%
2010 1.53% 0.99%
2009 0.77% 0.97%
2008 3.35% 3.71%
2007 1.83% 2.04%
2006 2.09% 3.28%
2005 1.99% 0.98%
2004 2.21% 1.49%
2003 2.67% 1.17%
2002 2.47% 2.8%
2001 2.79% 0.62%
2000 2.54% 1.89%
1999 1.66% 0.68%
1998 1.96% 2.75%
1997 2.04% 1.04%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/morocco | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Italy has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.02%, compared with 1.82% in Morocco. In 2024, inflation was 0.98% in Italy and 0.99% in Morocco.

Top exports between countries

Italy
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $1.06B
Raw materials & minerals $638M
Textiles & consumer goods $432M
Chemicals & pharma $327M
Metals $239M
Transport & tourism services $229M
Wood & paper products $110M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $79.9M
Precious metals & jewellery $76.1M
IT & IP services $28.9M
Morocco
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $1.41B
Animal & marine products $288M
Textiles & consumer goods $175M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $128M
Raw materials & minerals $74.9M
Raw agricultural goods $52.5M
Precious metals & jewellery $33.2M
Metals $14.4M
Chemicals & pharma $13.6M
Wood & paper products $11.4M

Balance of trade

Italy Morocco
Current account balance
$25.8B
2024
-$1.87B
2024
Current account balance ranking
19/190
2024
141/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.08%
2024
-1.16%
2024
Goods imports
$562B
2024
$66.5B
2024
Goods exports
$621B
2024
$39.3B
2024
Service imports
$160B
2024
$14.3B
2024
Service exports
$155B
2024
$28.2B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.3%
2024
50.2%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.5%
2024
42%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Italy Morocco
Economic freedom 63.3 61.8
Economic freedom ranking 80/197 91/197
Property rights 84.8 55.2
Government integrity 60.8 35.6
Judicial effectiveness 80.9 32.5
Tax burden 57.5 65.5
Government spending 15.3 67.5
Fiscal health 17.2 57.5
Business freedom 74.5 72.1
Labor freedom 70.6 46.2
Monetary freedom 79.1 79.6
Trade freedom 79.4 69.8
Investment freedom 80 80
Financial freedom 60 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Italy
Morocco
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Italy Morocco
2026 63.3 61.8
2025 60.9 60.3
2024 60.1 56.8
2023 62.3 58.4
2022 65.4 59.2
2021 64.9 63.3
2020 63.8 63.3
2019 62.2 62.9
2018 62.5 61.9
2017 62.5 61.5
2016 61.2 61.3
2015 61.7 60.1
2014 60.9 58.3
2013 60.6 59.6
2012 58.8 60.2
2011 60.3 59.6
2010 62.7 59.2
2009 61.4 57.7
2008 62.6 55.6
2007 62.8 56.4
2006 62 51.5
2005 64.9 52.2
2004 64.2 56.7
2003 64.3 57.8
2002 63.6 59
2001 63 63.9
2000 61.9 63.2
1999 61.6 63.8
1998 59.1 61.1
1997 58.1 64.7
1996 60.8 64.3
1995 61.2 62.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/italy/morocco | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Italy is 63.3, ranking 80/197, compared to 61.8 for Morocco, ranking 91/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Italy Morocco
Services, % of GDP
65%
2024
52.7%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
22.3%
2024
25.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2%
2024
10.6%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.28T
2024
$149B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$61,620
2024
$10,260
2024
Total reserves including gold
$291B
2024
$37.1B
2024
Total reserves ranking
12/177
2024
52/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$19B
2024
-$948M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$26.9B
2024
$1.64B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$45.9B
2024
$691M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
5.63%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
20.1%
2021
3.9%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.6%
2024
30.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1862–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.