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Economy of Japan vs Morocco compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Japan has a GDP of $4.03T compared to $161B for Morocco, ranking 4/197 and 58/197 by economy size, respectively.

Japan has $9.51T in government debt (236.1% of GDP), compared to $109B (67.7% of GDP) in Morocco.

Japan vs Morocco GDP by year

Japan
Morocco
1x
Year GDP, current $
Japan Morocco
2024 $4,027,597,523,551 $160,610,994,055
2023 $4,213,167,237,906 $146,036,093,667
2022 $4,262,463,317,797 $131,245,312,804
2021 $5,039,148,168,861 $142,022,058,447
2020 $5,054,068,005,376 $121,353,645,057
2019 $5,117,993,853,017 $128,920,266,409
2018 $5,040,880,939,325 $127,341,147,582
2017 $4,930,837,369,151 $118,540,573,368
2016 $5,003,677,627,544 $111,572,947,005
2015 $4,444,930,651,964 $110,413,823,842
2014 $4,896,994,405,353 $119,130,841,412
2013 $5,212,328,181,166 $115,739,287,305
2012 $6,272,362,996,105 $106,937,392,311
2011 $6,233,147,172,341 $110,080,631,332
2010 $5,759,071,769,013 $100,865,329,473
2009 $5,289,493,117,994 $101,154,952,241
2008 $5,106,679,115,127 $101,822,906,949
2007 $4,579,750,920,355 $86,947,913,287
2006 $4,601,663,122,650 $75,883,823,301
2005 $4,831,467,035,390 $68,852,658,069
2004 $4,893,116,005,657 $66,114,145,451
2003 $4,519,561,645,254 $58,029,363,354
2002 $4,182,846,045,874 $47,077,192,188
2001 $4,374,711,694,091 $43,831,480,208
2000 $4,968,359,075,957 $43,017,455,402
1999 $4,635,982,224,064 $46,266,428,648
1998 $4,098,362,709,531 $46,497,608,725
1997 $4,492,448,605,639 $39,147,844,526
1996 $4,923,391,533,852 $43,161,571,528
1995 $5,545,563,663,890 $39,030,285,468
1994 $4,998,797,547,741 $35,604,137,423
1993 $4,536,940,479,038 $31,655,473,664
1992 $3,980,702,922,118 $33,711,069,431
1991 $3,648,065,760,649 $32,285,573,574
1990 $3,185,904,656,664 $30,179,954,775
1989 $3,109,455,047,824 $26,314,313,191
1988 $3,125,724,434,401 $25,705,296,184
1987 $2,580,748,422,781 $21,765,195,948
1986 $2,120,083,812,110 $19,462,085,540
1985 $1,427,019,759,717 $14,991,283,216
1984 $1,345,824,500,837 $14,824,667,954
1983 $1,270,859,919,743 $16,251,408,128
1982 $1,158,731,426,906 $17,692,276,734
1981 $1,245,221,410,764 $17,788,185,479
1980 $1,129,377,244,854 $21,728,516,153
1979 $1,077,910,077,676 $15,911,994,817
1978 $1,035,611,588,217 $13,236,946,234
1977 $737,069,290,928 $11,049,783,872
1976 $598,883,902,156 $9,584,297,284
1975 $532,861,438,885 $8,984,853,005
1974 $490,035,789,970 $7,675,466,449
1973 $441,460,582,536 $6,242,145,880
1972 $324,933,841,269 $5,074,117,545
1971 $245,364,056,622 $4,356,669,034
1970 $217,223,652,719 $3,956,336,244
1969 $184,298,841,305 $3,651,622,669
1968 $156,897,496,759 $3,271,422,333
1967 $132,475,614,227 $3,046,345,314
1966 $113,046,784,179 $2,876,401,297
1965 $97,338,107,606 $2,948,331,090
1964 $87,490,590,818 $2,798,345,299
1963 $74,379,284,603 $2,657,252,578
1962 $64,987,857,542 $2,379,611,125
1961 $57,266,758,180 $2,025,693,540
1960 $47,419,238,274 $2,037,154,742

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/morocco | CC BY

GDP per capita in Japan vs Morocco by year

Japan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Morocco
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Japan Morocco
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $32,487 $52,039 $4,218 $10,415
2023 $33,836 $50,662 $3,872 $9,895
2022 $34,066 $47,192 $3,516 $9,310
2021 $40,095 $44,355 $3,843 $8,623
2020 $40,029 $42,426 $3,317 $7,705
2019 $40,416 $42,678 $3,560 $8,046
2018 $39,751 $42,142 $3,553 $7,801
2017 $38,834 $41,444 $3,344 $8,115
2016 $39,375 $40,597 $3,186 $7,853
2015 $34,961 $40,899 $3,190 $7,799
2014 $38,475 $39,555 $3,483 $7,237
2013 $40,899 $39,402 $3,425 $7,542
2012 $49,145 $37,606 $3,206 $7,308
2011 $48,760 $36,214 $3,345 $7,274
2010 $44,968 $35,336 $3,107 $6,849
2009 $41,309 $33,543 $3,158 $6,629
2008 $39,876 $35,274 $3,222 $6,437
2007 $35,779 $35,015 $2,788 $6,058
2006 $35,992 $33,632 $2,466 $5,781
2005 $37,813 $32,170 $2,268 $5,275
2004 $38,299 $30,832 $2,207 $5,025
2003 $35,387 $29,392 $1,962 $4,741
2002 $32,821 $28,624 $1,612 $4,436
2001 $34,406 $27,943 $1,521 $4,269
2000 $39,169 $27,288 $1,513 $3,930
1999 $36,610 $25,736 $1,651 $3,801
1998 $32,424 $25,508 $1,683 $3,740
1997 $35,638 $25,619 $1,439 $3,502
1996 $39,150 $24,999 $1,610 $3,551
1995 $44,198 $23,858 $1,478 $3,152
1994 $39,934 $22,823 $1,369 $3,315
1993 $36,345 $22,168 $1,236 $2,979
1992 $31,993 $21,825 $1,337 $2,979
1991 $29,428 $21,227 $1,302 $3,025
1990 $25,801 $19,912 $1,238 $2,777
1989 $25,266 - $1,099 -
1988 $25,500 - $1,094 -
1987 $21,142 - $944 -
1986 $17,452 - $861 -
1985 $11,809 - $678 -
1984 $11,207 - $687 -
1983 $10,652 - $772 -
1982 $9,780 - $862 -
1981 $10,583 - $890 -
1980 $9,669 - $1,117 -
1979 $9,301 - $839 -
1978 $9,012 - $716 -
1977 $6,473 - $613 -
1976 $5,310 - $545 -
1975 $4,776 - $524 -
1974 $4,448 - $459 -
1973 $4,061 - $382 -
1972 $3,031 - $319 -
1971 $2,321 - $280.6 -
1970 $2,101 - $261.5 -
1969 $1,803 - $247.8 -
1968 $1,553 - $228 -
1967 $1,326 - $218.1 -
1966 $1,144 - $211.5 -
1965 $994 - $222.7 -
1964 $903 - $216.9 -
1963 $776 - $211.3 -
1962 $685 - $194.2 -
1961 $609 - $169.8 -
1960 $509 - $175.2 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/morocco | CC BY

Japan's GDP per capita is $32,487, ranking 38/197, compared to $4,218 in Morocco, ranking 127/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Japan ranks 41st at $52,039, while Morocco ranks 132nd at $10,415.

Economic indicators

Japan Morocco
Gross domestic product
$4.03T
2024
$161B
2024
GDP rank
4/197
2024
58/197
2024
GDP growth
0.1%
2023-2024
3.79%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$32,487
2024
$4,218
2024
GDP per capita rank
38/197
2024
127/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$52,039
2024
$10,415
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
41/197
2024
132/197
2024
Government debt
$9.51T
2024
$109B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
236.1%
2024
67.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$76,704
2024
$2,857
2024
Government debt per person rank
3/185
2024
104/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$23,653
2026
$5,678
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$6.31T
2024
$74.5B
2024
Number of millionaires
2,732,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
42
2025
3
2025
Income share by richest 10%
23.9%
2020
31.9%
2013
Income share by poorest 10%
2.4%
2020
2.7%
2013
Government expenditure, % of GDP
39.1%
2024
33%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.74%
2023-2024
0.99%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
0.75%
2025
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
2.54%
2024
11.8%
2022
Population
122677250
38871720

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Japan
Spending

Debt
Morocco
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Japan Morocco
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 39.1% 236.1% 33% 67.7%
2023 39.2% 240.5% 32% 68.7%
2022 41.8% 248.2% 33.7% 71.4%
2021 42.5% 253.7% 31% 69.4%
2020 44.5% 258.4% 34.1% 72.2%
2019 37.3% 236.4% 27.6% 60.3%
2018 36.7% 232.4% 27.8% 60.5%
2017 36.7% 231.3% 27.9% 60.3%
2016 37.2% 232.4% 28.6% 60.1%
2015 37.3% 228.3% 28.5% 58.4%
2014 38.4% 233.3% 30.7% 58.6%
2013 38.8% 229.5% 30.4% 57.1%
2012 38.6% 226.1% 32.5% 52.3%
2011 38.6% 219.2% 31.2% 48.6%
2010 37.7% 205.9% 28.7% 45.3%
2009 38.7% 198.8% 28.1% 42.6%
2008 34.1% 180.9% 28.3% 42%
2007 33.1% 173% 26.4% 47.1%
2006 33.1% 174.1% 26% 50.6%
2005 33.5% 174.6% 28.6% 54.8%
2004 33.7% 169.5% 24.5% 54.4%
2003 35% 160% 24.1% 56.9%
2002 35.4% 154.1% 25.8% 59.4%
2001 35.2% 145.1% 23.7% 60.4%
2000 36% 135.6% 22.8% 64.9%
1999 35.6% 129.5% 18.4% 63.4%
1998 38.6% 116% 18.7% 64.5%
1997 33.1% 105% 18.6% 68%
1996 33.8% 98.1% 17.6% 65.3%
1995 33.4% 92.5% 21.3% 72.2%
1994 32.8% 84.4% 21.7% 69.3%
1993 32.1% 72.8% 23.1% 74.7%
1992 30.3% 66.8% 22.3% 67%
1991 29.3% 62.4% 20.8% 59.1%
1990 29.5% 63.2% 22.6% 70.5%
1989 29.2% 65.7% - -
1988 29.9% 71.9% - -
1987 30.6% 75.8% - -
1986 30.4% 74.1% - -
1985 30.4% 68.3% - -
1984 31.2% 65.6% - -
1983 31.8% 63.5% - -
1982 31.7% 57.7% - -
1981 31.5% 52.8% - -
1980 33.5% 47.8% - -
1979 33.2% 43.8% - -
1978 32.1% 39% - -
1977 30.4% 31.1% - -
1976 29.1% 26.1% - -
1975 28.5% 20.9% - -
1974 25.5% 16.7% - -
1973 23.3% 15.9% - -
1972 23.1% 16.3% - -
1971 21.8% 12.6% - -
1970 20.2% 11.2% - -
1969 19.8% 11.4% - -
1968 20.1% 11.8% - -
1967 19.9% 11.4% - -
1966 20.8% 11.2% - -
1965 20.4% 9.78% - -
1964 19.8% 8.53% - -
1963 20% 8.66% - -
1962 19.4% 9.01% - -
1961 18.2% 8.44% - -
1960 18.4% 10.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/morocco | CC BY

In 2024, Japan's government spending was $1.57T, accounting for 39.1% of its GDP, while Morocco spent $53.1B, or 33% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 236.1% in Japan and 67.7% in Morocco, ranking 3/185 and 60/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Japan

Morocco
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Japan Morocco
2024 -1.53% -3.92%
2023 -2.26% -4.41%
2022 -4.21% -5.37%
2021 -6.13% -5.92%
2020 -9.08% -7.15%
2019 -3.04% -3.8%
2018 -2.47% -3.52%
2017 -3.1% -3.3%
2016 -3.6% -4.49%
2015 -3.68% -4.59%
2014 -5.62% -4.78%
2013 -7.61% -4.7%
2012 -8.2% -6.63%
2011 -8.99% -6.08%
2010 -9.08% -3.93%
2009 -9.69% -1.63%
2008 -4.11% 0.63%
2007 -2.9% -0.12%
2006 -3.03% -1.8%
2005 -4.44% -5.46%
2004 -5.31% -3.31%
2003 -7.43% -3.74%
2002 -7.34% -4.37%
2001 -6.2% -3.79%
2000 -7.28% -1.97%
1999 -6.75% 3.21%
1998 -10% 1.47%
1997 -3.53% 1.5%
1996 -4.87% 0.87%
1995 -4.3% -2.54%
1994 -3.76% -2.51%
1993 -2.39% -2%
1992 0.57% -1.84%
1991 1.67% -0.9%
1990 1.96% -1.32%
1989 1.23% -
1988 0.49% -
1987 -0.36% -
1986 -1.36% -
1985 -1.37% -
1984 -2.62% -
1983 -3.95% -
1982 -3.81% -
1981 -3.85% -
1980 -4.66% -
1979 -5% -
1978 -5.79% -
1977 -4.02% -
1976 -3.89% -
1975 -2.92% -
1974 0.38% -
1973 0.56% -
1972 -0.13% -
1971 1.21% -
1970 1.74% -
1969 1.26% -
1968 0.88% -
1967 0.8% -
1966 -0.34% -
1965 0.48% -
1964 0.85% -
1963 1.08% -
1962 1.49% -
1961 2.58% -
1960 1.85% -
1959 0.97% -
1958 -0.1% -
1957 1.27% -
1956 1.39% -
1955 -0.67% -
1954 0.7% -
1953 1.65% -
1952 2.22% -
1951 5.06% -
1950 6.99% -
1949 12.5% -
1948 7.53% -
1947 6.09% -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 0.32% -
1942 -0.13% -
1941 -0.19% -
1940 0.31% -
1939 0.11% -
1938 0.45% -
1937 0.71% -
1936 0.34% -
1935 0.26% -
1934 0.34% -
1933 0.28% -
1932 0.31% -
1931 0.23% -
1930 0.19% -
1929 0.5% -
1928 0.42% -
1927 0.58% -
1926 0.65% -
1925 0.75% -
1924 0.84% -
1923 0.87% -
1922 0.89% -
1921 1.43% -
1920 1.19% -
1919 1.21% -
1918 1.58% -
1917 1.54% -
1916 1.37% -
1915 1.41% -
1914 1.31% -
1913 1.21% -
1912 1.27% -
1911 1.21% -
1910 1.57% -
1909 1.51% -
1908 1.63% -
1907 1.77% -
1906 0.46% -
1905 -0.68% -
1904 -0.81% -
1903 0.19% -
1902 0.44% -
1901 0.21% -
1900 0.53% -
1899 0.2% -
1898 0.6% -
1897 0.33% -
1896 0.88% -
1895 0.28% -
1894 -0.24% -
1893 0.6% -
1892 0.63% -
1891 0.61% -
1890 0.74% -
1889 0.18% -
1888 0.13% -
1887 0.11% -
1886 0.03% -
1885 0.01% -
1884 0.001% -
1883 0.03% -
1882 0.001% -
1881 0.001% -
1880 0.004% -
1879 0.02% -
1878 0.02% -
1877 -0.29% -
1876 -0.42% -
1875 0.005% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1875–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/morocco | CC BY

In 2024, Japan's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $61.6B, equivalent to 1.53% of GDP. This compares to Morocco's deficit of $6.3B, or 3.92% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Japan recorded a fiscal deficit in 32 of those years, while Morocco ran a deficit in 30 years. On average, Japan posted an annual deficit equal to 4.79% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.92% of GDP for Morocco.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Japan

Morocco
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Japan Morocco
2024 2.74% 0.99%
2023 3.27% 6.09%
2022 2.5% 6.66%
2021 -0.23% 1.4%
2020 -0.02% 0.71%
2019 0.47% 0.3%
2018 0.99% 1.8%
2017 0.48% 0.75%
2016 -0.13% 1.64%
2015 0.8% 1.56%
2014 2.76% 0.44%
2013 0.34% 1.88%
2012 -0.04% 1.29%
2011 -0.27% 0.91%
2010 -0.73% 0.99%
2009 -1.35% 0.97%
2008 1.38% 3.71%
2007 0.06% 2.04%
2006 0.25% 3.28%
2005 -0.28% 0.98%
2004 -0.009% 1.49%
2003 -0.26% 1.17%
2002 -0.92% 2.8%
2001 -0.74% 0.62%
2000 -0.68% 1.89%
1999 -0.34% 0.68%
1998 0.66% 2.75%
1997 1.75% 1.04%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/morocco | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Japan has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 0.44%, compared with 1.82% in Morocco. In 2024, inflation was 2.74% in Japan and 0.99% in Morocco.

Top exports between countries

Japan
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $298M
Textiles & consumer goods $15.4M
Raw materials & minerals $12.8M
Chemicals & pharma $11.1M
Miscellaneous $9.24M
Metals $8.15M
Wood & paper products $1.2M
Precious metals & jewellery $407K
Raw agricultural goods $227K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $148K
Morocco
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $69.6M
Raw materials & minerals $45.7M
Raw agricultural goods $28.1M
Metals $15.5M
Machinery & equipment $10.8M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $4.13M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.19M
Chemicals & pharma $498K
Wood & paper products $212K
Precious metals & jewellery $55K

Balance of trade

Japan Morocco
Current account balance
$194B
2024
-$1.87B
2024
Current account balance ranking
3/190
2024
141/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+4.82%
2024
-1.16%
2024
Goods imports
$719B
2024
$66.5B
2024
Goods exports
$694B
2024
$39.3B
2024
Service imports
$246B
2024
$14.3B
2024
Service exports
$228B
2024
$28.2B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
23.6%
2024
50.2%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
22.8%
2024
42%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Japan Morocco
Economic freedom 70.3 61.8
Economic freedom ranking 36/197 91/197
Property rights 94.2 55.2
Government integrity 81.1 35.6
Judicial effectiveness 97.9 32.5
Tax burden 63 65.5
Government spending 52 67.5
Fiscal health 41.7 57.5
Business freedom 77.8 72.1
Labor freedom 65.9 46.2
Monetary freedom 74.3 79.6
Trade freedom 76.2 69.8
Investment freedom 60 80
Financial freedom 60 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Japan
Morocco
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Japan Morocco
2026 70.3 61.8
2025 70.2 60.3
2024 67.5 56.8
2023 69.3 58.4
2022 69.9 59.2
2021 74.1 63.3
2020 73.3 63.3
2019 72.1 62.9
2018 72.3 61.9
2017 69.6 61.5
2016 73.1 61.3
2015 73.3 60.1
2014 72.4 58.3
2013 71.8 59.6
2012 71.6 60.2
2011 72.8 59.6
2010 72.9 59.2
2009 72.8 57.7
2008 73 55.6
2007 72.7 56.4
2006 73.3 51.5
2005 67.3 52.2
2004 64.3 56.7
2003 67.6 57.8
2002 66.7 59
2001 70.9 63.9
2000 70.7 63.2
1999 69.1 63.8
1998 70.2 61.1
1997 70.3 64.7
1996 72.6 64.3
1995 75 62.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/morocco | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Japan is 70.3, ranking 36/197, compared to 61.8 for Morocco, ranking 91/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Japan Morocco
Services, % of GDP
69.8%
2023
52.7%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
28.6%
2023
25.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.94%
2023
10.6%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$4.46T
2024
$149B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$55,490
2024
$10,260
2024
Total reserves including gold
$1.23T
2024
$37.1B
2024
Total reserves ranking
2/177
2024
52/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$191B
2024
-$948M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$16.2B
2024
$1.64B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$203B
2024
$691M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
5.63%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
16.1%
2020
3.9%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
26.2%
2024
30.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1875–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.