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Economy of Honduras vs Italy compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Honduras has a GDP of $39.6B compared to $2.55T for Italy, ranking 104/197 and 9/197 by economy size, respectively.

Honduras has $16.3B in government debt (41.2% of GDP), compared to $3.5T (137.1% of GDP) in Italy.

Honduras vs Italy GDP by year

Honduras
Italy
1x
Year GDP, current $
Honduras Italy
2025 $39,601,409,103 $2,551,556,954,100
2024 $36,980,171,442 $2,383,435,562,458
2023 $34,355,805,528 $2,316,882,296,366
2022 $31,426,041,807 $2,104,067,630,319
2021 $28,144,331,507 $2,179,207,773,596
2020 $23,352,232,484 $1,907,481,094,079
2019 $24,882,225,742 $2,019,606,796,584
2018 $24,067,750,760 $2,099,435,266,459
2017 $23,136,247,991 $1,970,720,904,585
2016 $21,717,604,952 $1,887,111,188,177
2015 $20,979,791,685 $1,845,428,048,839
2014 $19,756,533,972 $2,173,255,507,986
2013 $18,499,729,215 $2,153,225,581,941
2012 $18,528,554,398 $2,097,929,495,122
2011 $17,710,275,685 $2,306,974,020,278
2010 $15,839,344,592 $2,144,936,254,535
2009 $14,587,496,229 $2,209,484,319,013
2008 $13,881,731,876 $2,417,508,414,187
2007 $12,361,257,681 $2,222,524,108,128
2006 $10,917,477,066 $1,958,563,654,386
2005 $9,757,012,697 $1,864,982,261,287
2004 $8,869,299,234 $1,812,808,753,295
2003 $8,230,391,347 $1,582,930,016,539
2002 $7,858,255,413 $1,281,746,271,196
2001 $7,651,162,302 $1,172,041,488,806
2000 $7,186,638,029 $1,149,661,363,439
1999 $6,394,090,592 $1,255,004,736,464
1998 $6,163,707,533 $1,272,729,786,997
1997 $5,569,178,707 $1,244,988,176,444
1996 $4,798,834,459 $1,314,776,508,972
1995 $4,672,346,194 $1,177,369,428,266
1994 $4,105,686,899 $1,101,750,159,702
1993 $4,190,773,622 $1,067,412,587,671
1992 $4,122,846,905 $1,323,204,350,354
1991 $3,699,381,195 $1,249,092,439,519
1990 $3,734,460,117 $1,183,945,130,899
1989 $4,375,896,552 $930,801,709,004
1988 $4,892,660,944 $893,663,934,841
1987 $5,024,800,000 $807,570,134,449
1986 $4,706,100,000 $641,862,313,287
1985 $4,328,300,000 $453,259,761,687
1984 $4,029,900,000 $438,896,930,791
1983 $3,840,550,000 $444,063,496,940
1982 $3,619,500,000 $428,257,421,618
1981 $3,501,800,000 $431,695,533,981
1980 $3,184,400,000 $478,356,755,596
1979 $2,778,900,000 $394,584,507,108
1978 $2,393,650,000 $315,784,469,541
1977 $1,900,700,000 $258,190,019,750
1976 $1,589,300,000 $225,235,205,862
1975 $1,330,050,000 $228,220,643,535
1974 $1,243,000,000 $200,024,444,775
1973 $1,128,299,436 $175,896,529,392
1972 $1,030,645,362 $145,594,833,997
1971 $958,450,000 $124,959,712,859
1970 $904,400,000 $113,656,669,765
1969 $844,400,000 $100,996,667,239
1968 $815,450,000 $91,485,448,148
1967 $750,950,000 $84,401,995,573
1966 $692,150,000 $76,622,444,787
1965 $651,050,000 $70,717,012,186
1964 $591,100,000 $65,720,771,779
1963 $553,500,000 $60,035,924,618
1962 $532,450,000 $52,413,872,628
1961 $503,300,000 $46,649,487,320
1960 $475,650,000 $42,012,422,612

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/honduras/italy | CC BY

GDP per capita in Honduras vs Italy by year

Honduras
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Italy
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Honduras Italy
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $3,598 - $43,309 -
2024 $3,416 $7,486 $40,430 $62,014
2023 $3,227 $7,178 $39,280 $60,030
2022 $3,003 $6,805 $35,654 $57,261
2021 $2,735 $6,203 $36,853 $49,825
2020 $2,308 $5,385 $32,091 $44,436
2019 $2,502 $5,785 $33,813 $46,662
2018 $2,465 $5,633 $35,062 $43,387
2017 $2,413 $5,621 $32,844 $42,142
2016 $2,307 $5,186 $31,392 $40,483
2015 $2,271 $4,846 $30,640 $37,384
2014 $2,180 $4,460 $36,028 $36,666
2013 $2,081 $4,137 $35,702 $36,459
2012 $2,126 $4,016 $34,854 $36,281
2011 $2,074 $3,901 $38,432 $36,392
2010 $1,893 $3,758 $35,857 $34,974
2009 $1,781 $3,656 $37,100 $34,502
2008 $1,732 $3,806 $40,829 $35,422
2007 $1,578 $3,664 $37,826 $34,108
2006 $1,426 $3,438 $33,537 $32,454
2005 $1,305 $3,204 $32,063 $30,138
2004 $1,215 $3,001 $31,348 $29,581
2003 $1,156 $2,821 $27,578 $29,249
2002 $1,132 $2,715 $22,451 $28,833
2001 $1,132 $2,645 $20,570 $28,134
2000 $1,093 $2,587 $20,190 $27,152
1999 $999 $2,372 $22,050 $25,655
1998 $989 $2,152 $22,365 $25,075
1997 $917 $1,959 $21,884 $23,937
1996 $813 $1,617 $23,123 $23,101
1995 $814 $1,329 $20,712 $22,446
1994 $736 $1,074 $19,382 $21,369
1993 $773 $838 $18,782 $20,485
1992 $782 $741 $23,297 $20,196
1991 $722 $684 $22,007 $19,596
1990 $750 $540 $20,874 $18,680
1989 $904 - $16,424 -
1988 $1,039 - $15,781 -
1987 $1,098 - $14,268 -
1986 $1,058 - $11,341 -
1985 $1,001 - $8,009 -
1984 $960 - $7,758 -
1983 $942 - $7,851 -
1982 $914 - $7,574 -
1981 $912 - $7,640 -
1980 $854 - $8,476 -
1979 $769 - $7,006 -
1978 $683 - $5,623 -
1977 $559 - $4,614 -
1976 $482 - $4,042 -
1975 $417 - $4,116 -
1974 $401 - $3,629 -
1973 $375 - $3,213 -
1972 $353 - $2,677 -
1971 $338 - $2,311 -
1970 $329 - $2,112 -
1969 $316 - $1,886 -
1968 $314 - $1,718 -
1967 $298.2 - $1,595 -
1966 $282.9 - $1,459 -
1965 $273.9 - $1,357 -
1964 $255.9 - $1,272 -
1963 $246.6 - $1,171 -
1962 $244 - $1,030 -
1961 $237.3 - $923 -
1960 $230.7 - $837 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/honduras/italy | CC BY

Honduras' GDP per capita is $3,598, ranking 137/197, compared to $43,309 in Italy, ranking 29/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Honduras ranks 146th at $7,486, while Italy ranks 31st at $62,014.

Economic indicators

Honduras Italy
Gross domestic product
$39.6B
2025
$2.55T
2025
GDP rank
104/197
2025
9/197
2025
GDP growth
3.75%
2024-2025
0.54%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$3,598
2025
$43,309
2025
GDP per capita rank
137/197
2025
29/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$7,486
2024
$62,014
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
146/197
2024
31/197
2024
Government debt
$16.3B
2025
$3.5T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41.2%
2025
137.1%
2025
Government debt per person
$1,483
2025
$59,371
2025
Government debt per person rank
132/185
2025
6/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,887
2026
$23,424
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$587B
2014
Number of millionaires n/a
1,235,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
89
2026
Income share by richest 10%
32.3%
2024
25.8%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.2%
2024
2.3%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
24.9%
2025
51.1%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
4.6%
2024-2025
1.53%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
5.75%
2024
n/a
Unemployment rate
4.85%
2025
6.1%
2025
Population
11279259
58708169

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Honduras
Spending

Debt
Italy
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Honduras Italy
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 24.9% 41.2% 51.1% 137.1%
2024 25.7% 41.5% 50.4% 134.7%
2023 27.2% 41.7% 53.6% 133.9%
2022 24% 46.9% 54.9% 138.4%
2021 28.8% 52.7% 56% 145.8%
2020 28.4% 53.5% 56.8% 154.4%
2019 25.9% 43.3% 48.4% 133.9%
2018 26.2% 42.4% 48.3% 134.2%
2017 26.9% 41.3% 48.8% 133.7%
2016 27.4% 39.4% 49% 134.2%
2015 26% 38.3% 50.2% 134.8%
2014 26.4% 35.2% 50.7% 134.8%
2013 28% 37.3% 50.9% 131.9%
2012 26.4% 27.1% 50.5% 125.9%
2011 25.9% 24.6% 49% 119.1%
2010 26.5% 21.8% 49.8% 118.8%
2009 28.4% 23.8% 51.1% 116.1%
2008 26.4% 22.3% 47.8% 105.8%
2007 24.4% 24% 46.6% 103.5%
2006 24.4% 39.2% 47.6% 106.3%
2005 23.6% 55.6% 47.1% 106.2%
2004 25.5% 60.9% 46.7% 104.7%
2003 26.4% 67.8% 47% 105.1%
2002 26.8% 64.2% 46.5% 105.9%
2001 25.1% 63.4% 47.1% 108.5%
2000 22.1% 65.8% 46.4% 108.7%
1999 23.3% 75.8% 47.1% 113.1%
1998 19.4% 67.4% 48% 113.9%
1997 19.4% 70.8% 49.3% 116.5%
1996 18.7% 64.6% 51.3% 118.9%
1995 17.2% 65.4% 51.4% 119.1%
1994 19% 85.5% 55.1% 130.8%
1993 24.5% 111.7% 57.8% 124.1%
1992 21.6% 123.2% 56.8% 113%
1991 20.8% 135.4% 55.3% 105.3%
1990 19.4% 236.5% 54.2% 101.7%
1989 10.2% 68.4% 51.6% 91.8%
1988 16% 71.7% 50.4% 89.2%
1987 17.2% 73.6% 49.8% 87.4%
1986 19.8% 69.9% 50.5% 83.4%
1985 22.5% 65.7% 49.8% 79.1%
1984 22.4% 60.5% 49.1% 73.1%
1983 20.8% 57.6% 48.9% 67.8%
1982 18.7% 54.3% 46.7% 61.8%
1981 15.3% 48.1% 44.6% 57.3%
1980 16.2% 41% 40.8% 55.1%
1979 14.4% 36.1% 40.1% 58.9%
1978 13.1% 32.8% 40.9% 59.9%
1977 14.6% 28.2% 38.5% 56%
1976 11.5% 26.5% 38.1% 57.3%
1975 11.9% 24% 39.1% 57.9%
1974 11.7% 18.5% 34.8% 50.8%
1973 11.1% 16.6% 35.3% 51.1%
1972 12.6% 16.8% 36.4% 48.2%
1971 15.2% 19.8% 34.4% 42.4%
1970 15.2% 17.2% 32.3% 37.8%
1969 13.6% 13% 32.1% 37%
1968 11.6% 9.75% 32.6% 36.4%
1967 11.4% 9.72% 17.9% 33.3%
1966 11.4% 9.47% 19.1% 33.4%
1965 10.6% 8.97% 18.6% 28.4%
1964 11.4% 9.78% 18.2% 27.2%
1963 10.1% 9.02% 16.7% 27.2%
1962 10.5% 8.54% 17.5% 29%
1961 11.2% 8.22% 17.3% 30%
1960 12.2% 8.97% 16.5% 31.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/honduras/italy | CC BY

In 2025, Honduras' government spending was $9.87B, accounting for 24.9% of its GDP, while Italy spent $1.3T, or 51.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41.2% in Honduras and 137.1% in Italy, ranking 128/185 and 9/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Honduras

Italy
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Honduras Italy
2025 -0.74% -3.11%
2024 -1.12% -3.35%
2023 -1.96% -7.13%
2022 1.57% -8.1%
2021 -3.17% -8.88%
2020 -4.58% -9.38%
2019 0.09% -1.45%
2018 0.2% -2.19%
2017 -0.41% -2.51%
2016 -0.4% -2.4%
2015 -0.78% -2.46%
2014 -2.81% -2.82%
2013 -5.48% -2.87%
2012 -3.48% -2.99%
2011 -2.94% -3.52%
2010 -3.37% -4.16%
2009 -4.86% -5.06%
2008 -0.27% -2.58%
2007 -0.25% -1.33%
2006 -1.36% -3.61%
2005 -0.03% -4.1%
2004 -2.48% -3.46%
2003 -5.09% -3.23%
2002 -5.02% -2.88%
2001 -3.12% -3.18%
2000 1.51% -2.42%
1999 1.38% -1.77%
1998 2.89% -2.99%
1997 0.08% -2.98%
1996 0.13% -6.61%
1995 -0.24% -7.2%
1994 -0.97% -8.84%
1993 -5.21% -9.76%
1992 -1.49% -10.1%
1991 -2.16% -11.1%
1990 -2.15% -11.1%
1989 2.08% -11.4%
1988 -2.65% -11%
1987 -3.23% -11.5%
1986 -5.92% -12%
1985 -8.58% -12.4%
1984 -9.33% -11.5%
1983 -9.1% -10.1%
1982 -6.17% -10%
1981 -2.5% -10.9%
1980 -2.52% -6.97%
1979 -1.55% -8.23%
1978 -0.68% -8.47%
1977 -2.55% -6.96%
1976 -0.93% -7.88%
1975 -1.78% -10.3%
1974 -0.27% -6.24%
1973 -0.71% -6.36%
1972 -2.37% -6.84%
1971 -3.51% -4.71%
1970 -3.24% -3.22%
1969 -2.16% -2.85%
1968 -0.38% -2.55%
1967 -0.73% -0.97%
1966 -0.45% -1.59%
1965 0.19% -2.67%
1964 -1.77% -2.35%
1963 -0.39% -0.3%
1962 -0.71% -0.95%
1961 -1.05% -0.57%
1960 -1.22% -0.28%
1959 -1.31% -1%
1958 -1.16% -0.98%
1957 -1.01% -1.09%
1956 -1.81% -1.46%
1955 -0.42% -2.03%
1954 -2.91% -1.84%
1953 -2.96% -2.33%
1952 -3.21% -4.08%
1951 -1.04% -3.86%
1950 -0.44% -2.42%
1949 -1.92% -2.82%
1948 0.52% -4.58%
1947 -0.83% -6.62%
1946 0.32% -9.82%
1945 0% -16.9%
1944 -0.82% -35.1%
1943 -0.48% -16.1%
1942 0% -26.9%
1941 -0.26% -25.1%
1940 -0.43% -24.3%
1939 -0.52% -9.49%
1938 -0.74% -5.97%
1937 -1.37% -5.78%
1936 -0.76% -7.93%
1935 0% -9.83%
1934 0.06% -2.5%
1933 2.06% -4.85%
1932 -2.13% -3.06%
1931 -0.94% -2.14%
1930 -1.15% -0.55%
1929 -0.38% -0.59%
1928 0.72% -2.09%
1927 0.37% -1.71%
1926 - -0.09%
1925 - 1.7%
1924 - 1.19%
1923 - -3.21%
1922 - -11%
1921 - -7.77%
1920 - -5.89%
1919 - -11.2%
1918 - -22.7%
1917 - -27.6%
1916 - -28.2%
1915 - -25.8%
1914 - -12.4%
1913 - -0.86%
1912 - -1.86%
1911 - -0.63%
1910 - -0.32%
1909 - -0.69%
1908 - -1.31%
1907 - -0.51%
1906 - -0.69%
1905 - -1.57%
1904 - 0.58%
1903 - 0.32%
1902 - 0.48%
1901 - 0.36%
1900 - 0.28%
1899 - -0.11%
1898 - -0.21%
1897 - 0.009%
1896 - -0.43%
1895 - -0.69%
1894 - -0.23%
1893 - -0.49%
1892 - -0.25%
1891 - -1.41%
1890 - -0.32%
1889 - -1.32%
1888 - -2.11%
1887 - -1.94%
1886 - -0.5%
1885 - 0.2%
1884 - -1.46%
1883 - -0.51%
1882 - -0.5%
1881 - -0.04%
1880 - 0.38%
1879 - 0.73%
1878 - 0.09%
1877 - -0.009%
1876 - -0.05%
1875 - 0.58%
1874 - -0.08%
1873 - 0.21%
1872 - 0%
1871 - -0.13%
1870 - -0.82%
1869 - 0.33%
1868 - -0.79%
1867 - -1.45%
1866 - -3.1%
1865 - -2.72%
1864 - -3.06%
1863 - -4.16%
1862 - -3.96%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1862–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/honduras/italy | CC BY

In 2025, Honduras' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $295M, equivalent to 0.74% of GDP. This compares to Italy's deficit of $79.4B, or 3.11% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Honduras recorded a fiscal deficit in 56 of those years, while Italy ran a deficit in 66 years. On average, Honduras posted an annual deficit equal to 2% of GDP, compared to deficit of 5.51% of GDP for Italy.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Honduras

Italy
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Honduras Italy
2025 4.6% 1.53%
2024 4.61% 0.98%
2023 6.66% 5.62%
2022 9.09% 8.2%
2021 4.48% 1.87%
2020 3.47% -0.14%
2019 4.37% 0.61%
2018 4.35% 1.14%
2017 3.93% 1.23%
2016 2.72% -0.09%
2015 3.16% 0.04%
2014 6.13% 0.24%
2013 5.16% 1.22%
2012 5.2% 3.04%
2011 6.76% 2.78%
2010 4.7% 1.53%
2009 5.5% 0.77%
2008 11.4% 3.35%
2007 6.94% 1.83%
2006 5.58% 2.09%
2005 8.81% 1.99%
2004 8.11% 2.21%
2003 7.67% 2.67%
2002 7.69% 2.47%
2001 9.67% 2.79%
2000 11% 2.54%
1999 11.7% 1.66%
1998 13.7% 1.96%
1997 20.2% 2.04%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/honduras/italy | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Honduras has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 7.15%, compared with 2.01% in Italy. In 2025, inflation was 4.6% in Honduras and 1.53% in Italy.

Top exports between countries

Honduras
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $74.5M
Raw agricultural goods $73.1M
Precious metals & jewellery $1.32M
Machinery & equipment $77K
Chemicals & pharma $60K
Metals $31K
Wood & paper products $21K
Textiles & consumer goods $4K
Animal & marine products $3K
Italy
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $64.4M
Chemicals & pharma $8.97M
Raw materials & minerals $6.24M
Textiles & consumer goods $5.28M
Raw agricultural goods $4.44M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $4.07M
Wood & paper products $3.86M
Metals $1.41M
Precious metals & jewellery $638K
Miscellaneous $323K

Balance of trade

Honduras Italy
Current account balance
$936M
2025
$29.3B
2025
Current account balance ranking
50/190
2025
19/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+2.36%
2025
+1.15%
2025
Goods imports
$15.4B
2025
$597B
2025
Goods exports
$6.88B
2025
$655B
2025
Service imports
$4.1B
2025
$177B
2025
Service exports
$3.89B
2025
$168B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
56.5%
2025
30.3%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
35%
2025
32.2%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Honduras Italy
Economic freedom 59.1 63.3
Economic freedom ranking 105/197 80/197
Property rights 35.7 84.8
Government integrity 24.6 60.8
Judicial effectiveness 27.6 80.9
Tax burden 83.1 57.5
Government spending 80.3 15.3
Fiscal health 95.2 17.2
Business freedom 59.4 74.5
Labor freedom 37.9 70.6
Monetary freedom 70.1 79.1
Trade freedom 69.8 79.4
Investment freedom 65 80
Financial freedom 60 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Honduras
Italy
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Honduras Italy
2026 59.1 63.3
2025 59.6 60.9
2024 58.6 60.1
2023 58.7 62.3
2022 59.5 65.4
2021 59.8 64.9
2020 61.1 63.8
2019 60.2 62.2
2018 60.6 62.5
2017 58.8 62.5
2016 57.7 61.2
2015 57.4 61.7
2014 57.1 60.9
2013 58.4 60.6
2012 58.8 58.8
2011 58.6 60.3
2010 58.3 62.7
2009 58.7 61.4
2008 58.9 62.6
2007 59.1 62.8
2006 57.4 62
2005 55.3 64.9
2004 55.3 64.2
2003 60.4 64.3
2002 58.7 63.6
2001 57 63
2000 57.6 61.9
1999 56.7 61.6
1998 56.2 59.1
1997 56 58.1
1996 56.6 60.8
1995 57 61.2

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/honduras/italy | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Honduras is 59.1, ranking 105/197, compared to 63.3 for Italy, ranking 80/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Honduras Italy
Services, % of GDP
57.6%
2025
64.5%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
25.4%
2025
22.6%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
13.3%
2025
2.07%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$36B
2025
$2.48T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$7,270
2025
$62,870
2025
Total reserves including gold
$10.2B
2025
$434B
2025
Total reserves ranking
78/177
2025
10/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$810M
2025
$22B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$478M
2024
$28.5B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$49.4M
2024
$45.9B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.23%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
60.1%
2025
20.1%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.2%
2025
22.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/honduras/italy | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1862–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.