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Population in Mongolia compared to Romania: Trends, Charts, Rankings

Updated on by Georank team

The latest officially reported population of Mongolia was 3,524,788 in 2024 vs 19,051,804 people in Romania in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Mongolia's population is 3,620,317 people compared to 18,839,108 in Romania.

Population statistics:

  • Romania's population is 5.2 times bigger than Mongolia's.
  • Mongolia is ranked the 132nd most populous country in the world, while Romania is the 70th.
  • The countries together account for 0.27% of the world: 0.04% for Mongolia vs 0.23% for Romania.
  • For the last 10 years, Mongolia has had an average growth rate of +1.79% per year vs -0.43% in Romania.
  • Since 2006, the population of Mongolia has increased from 2.57M people to 3.62M (41% growth), while Romania has declined from 21.2M to 18.8M (11.1% decline).

Mongolia vs Romania: population by year and forecast

Mongolia
Factual

Projection
Romania
Factual

Projection
1x
Year Population
Mongolia Romania
2100 5,629,299 10,801,385
2099 5,623,066 10,885,505
2098 5,615,212 10,969,050
2097 5,606,511 11,052,086
2096 5,597,140 11,134,776
2095 5,585,917 11,217,462
2094 5,574,522 11,299,298
2093 5,562,381 11,382,352
2092 5,549,290 11,464,817
2091 5,535,819 11,546,872
2090 5,521,210 11,630,335
2089 5,505,877 11,713,468
2088 5,490,024 11,796,733
2087 5,474,226 11,880,373
2086 5,458,465 11,966,550
2085 5,441,196 12,052,744
2084 5,423,740 12,140,454
2083 5,405,563 12,229,714
2082 5,387,443 12,319,480
2081 5,368,417 12,412,385
2080 5,348,645 12,507,333
2079 5,328,073 12,603,302
2078 5,306,120 12,700,870
2077 5,285,225 12,799,985
2076 5,263,067 12,900,610
2075 5,240,553 13,002,848
2074 5,217,755 13,107,513
2073 5,194,484 13,213,407
2072 5,171,399 13,323,211
2071 5,147,939 13,435,661
2070 5,123,730 13,550,449
2069 5,100,078 13,667,892
2068 5,075,923 13,786,771
2067 5,051,712 13,909,141
2066 5,026,451 14,034,214
2065 5,001,559 14,163,381
2064 4,977,095 14,293,294
2063 4,952,721 14,424,068
2062 4,928,284 14,557,025
2061 4,903,616 14,689,897
2060 4,877,808 14,821,441
2059 4,851,900 14,952,855
2058 4,825,704 15,082,857
2057 4,798,069 15,211,914
2056 4,770,106 15,340,213
2055 4,741,145 15,467,019
2054 4,710,703 15,590,545
2053 4,678,720 15,712,155
2052 4,645,641 15,834,374
2051 4,611,080 15,954,507
2050 4,575,698 16,073,070
2049 4,538,221 16,192,498
2048 4,499,652 16,311,535
2047 4,459,534 16,430,565
2046 4,418,220 16,547,661
2045 4,375,263 16,665,026
2044 4,332,061 16,783,383
2043 4,288,836 16,900,955
2042 4,244,827 17,018,000
2041 4,200,917 17,136,818
2040 4,157,409 17,253,674
2039 4,114,122 17,370,310
2038 4,071,754 17,488,193
2037 4,029,761 17,604,853
2036 3,988,994 17,721,511
2035 3,949,374 17,837,396
2034 3,910,459 17,950,976
2033 3,872,505 18,064,449
2032 3,835,471 18,176,399
2031 3,799,194 18,288,437
2030 3,762,550 18,399,699
2029 3,725,673 18,511,331
2028 3,687,959 18,621,197
2027 3,649,213 18,730,482
2026 3,609,604 18,839,108
2025 3,568,196 18,946,392
2024 3,524,788 19,051,804
2023 3,481,145 19,061,062
2022 3,433,748 19,048,502
2021 3,383,741 19,122,059
2020 3,327,204 19,265,250
2019 3,267,673 19,371,648
2018 3,208,189 19,473,970
2017 3,148,917 19,588,715
2016 3,088,856 19,702,267
2015 3,026,864 19,815,616
2014 2,963,113 19,908,979
2013 2,899,011 19,983,693
2012 2,839,705 20,058,035
2011 2,786,317 20,147,528
2010 2,738,622 20,246,871
2009 2,691,115 20,367,487
2008 2,643,201 20,537,875
2007 2,601,850 20,882,982
2006 2,567,168 21,193,760
2005 2,536,407 21,319,685
2004 2,508,412 21,451,748
2003 2,480,374 21,574,326
2002 2,449,027 21,730,496
2001 2,417,751 22,131,970
2000 2,388,299 22,442,971
1999 2,356,813 22,472,040
1998 2,323,809 22,507,344
1997 2,291,750 22,553,978
1996 2,259,507 22,619,004
1995 2,224,945 22,684,270
1994 2,189,395 22,730,211
1993 2,165,130 22,763,280
1992 2,167,790 22,794,284
1991 2,165,342 23,001,155
1990 2,098,710 23,201,835
1989 2,124,185 23,161,458
1988 2,076,322 23,057,662
1987 2,022,800 22,949,430
1986 1,970,965 22,836,841
1985 1,921,514 22,732,999
1984 1,874,349 22,640,547
1983 1,829,092 22,560,478
1982 1,785,364 22,475,741
1981 1,742,857 22,353,070
1980 1,701,335 22,207,282
1979 1,660,659 22,090,488
1978 1,619,468 21,951,464
1977 1,576,245 21,756,096
1976 1,531,945 21,551,634
1975 1,488,296 21,293,583
1974 1,446,050 21,029,429
1973 1,405,502 20,835,681
1972 1,366,821 20,657,957
1971 1,330,071 20,461,567
1970 1,295,272 20,250,398
1969 1,262,284 20,009,141
1968 1,229,930 19,799,831
1967 1,196,996 19,534,242
1966 1,163,754 19,215,450
1965 1,131,177 19,031,576
1964 1,100,234 18,919,126
1963 1,071,362 18,797,850
1962 1,041,444 18,676,550
1961 1,009,284 18,555,250
1960 977,595 18,406,905

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/population/mongolia/romania | CC BY

From 2006 to 2016, the population of Mongolia increased by 521,688 people (a 20.3% growth), while Romania lost 1,491,493 people (a 7.04% decline).

For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Mongolia gained 531,461 people (a 17.2% growth), while Romania's population decreased by 863,159 people (a 4.38% decline).

Mongolia was ranked 137th most populous country in 2006 and is 132nd in 2026. Romania was ranked 51st in 2006 and ranked 70th now.

The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Mongolia's population will grow by 26.4% to 4,575,698 people with a rank change from 132nd to 130th. The population of Romania will decrease by 14.7% to 16,073,070 people and rank change from 70th to 81st.

Mongolia is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 5.63M people, while Romania's population already peaked in 1990 at 23.2M people and is projected to decrease to 10.8M people by 2100.

Population growth rate by year

Mongolia
Factual

Projection
Romania
Factual

Projection
1x
Year Growth rate
Mongolia Romania
2100 0.11% -0.77%
2099 0.14% -0.76%
2098 0.16% -0.75%
2097 0.17% -0.74%
2096 0.2% -0.74%
2095 0.2% -0.72%
2094 0.22% -0.73%
2093 0.24% -0.72%
2092 0.24% -0.71%
2091 0.26% -0.72%
2090 0.28% -0.71%
2089 0.29% -0.71%
2088 0.29% -0.7%
2087 0.29% -0.72%
2086 0.32% -0.72%
2085 0.32% -0.72%
2084 0.34% -0.73%
2083 0.34% -0.73%
2082 0.35% -0.75%
2081 0.37% -0.76%
2080 0.39% -0.76%
2079 0.41% -0.77%
2078 0.4% -0.77%
2077 0.42% -0.78%
2076 0.43% -0.79%
2075 0.44% -0.8%
2074 0.45% -0.8%
2073 0.45% -0.82%
2072 0.46% -0.84%
2071 0.47% -0.85%
2070 0.46% -0.86%
2069 0.48% -0.86%
2068 0.48% -0.88%
2067 0.5% -0.89%
2066 0.5% -0.91%
2065 0.49% -0.91%
2064 0.49% -0.91%
2063 0.5% -0.91%
2062 0.5% -0.9%
2061 0.53% -0.89%
2060 0.53% -0.88%
2059 0.54% -0.86%
2058 0.58% -0.85%
2057 0.59% -0.84%
2056 0.61% -0.82%
2055 0.65% -0.79%
2054 0.68% -0.77%
2053 0.71% -0.77%
2052 0.75% -0.75%
2051 0.77% -0.74%
2050 0.83% -0.74%
2049 0.86% -0.73%
2048 0.9% -0.72%
2047 0.94% -0.71%
2046 0.98% -0.7%
2045 1% -0.71%
2044 1.01% -0.7%
2043 1.04% -0.69%
2042 1.05% -0.69%
2041 1.05% -0.68%
2040 1.05% -0.67%
2039 1.04% -0.67%
2038 1.04% -0.66%
2037 1.02% -0.66%
2036 1% -0.65%
2035 1% -0.63%
2034 0.98% -0.63%
2033 0.97% -0.62%
2032 0.95% -0.61%
2031 0.97% -0.6%
2030 0.99% -0.6%
2029 1.02% -0.59%
2028 1.06% -0.58%
2027 1.1% -0.58%
2026 1.16% -0.57%
2025 1.23% -0.55%
2024 1.25% -0.05%
2023 1.38% 0.07%
2022 1.48% -0.38%
2021 1.7% -0.74%
2020 1.82% -0.55%
2019 1.85% -0.53%
2018 1.88% -0.59%
2017 1.94% -0.58%
2016 2.05% -0.57%
2015 2.15% -0.47%
2014 2.21% -0.37%
2013 2.09% -0.37%
2012 1.92% -0.44%
2011 1.74% -0.49%
2010 1.77% -0.59%
2009 1.81% -0.83%
2008 1.59% -1.65%
2007 1.35% -1.47%
2006 1.21% -0.59%
2005 1.12% -0.62%
2004 1.13% -0.57%
2003 1.28% -0.72%
2002 1.29% -1.81%
2001 1.23% -1.39%
2000 1.34% -0.13%
1999 1.42% -0.16%
1998 1.4% -0.21%
1997 1.43% -0.29%
1996 1.55% -0.29%
1995 1.62% -0.2%
1994 1.12% -0.15%
1993 -0.12% -0.14%
1992 0.11% -0.9%
1991 3.17% -0.86%
1990 -1.2% 0.17%
1989 2.31% 0.45%
1988 2.65% 0.47%
1987 2.63% 0.49%
1986 2.57% 0.46%
1985 2.52% 0.41%
1984 2.47% 0.35%
1983 2.45% 0.38%
1982 2.44% 0.55%
1981 2.44% 0.66%
1980 2.45% 0.53%
1979 2.54% 0.63%
1978 2.74% 0.9%
1977 2.89% 0.95%
1976 2.93% 1.21%
1975 2.92% 1.26%
1974 2.88% 0.93%
1973 2.83% 0.86%
1972 2.76% 0.96%
1971 2.69% 1.04%
1970 2.61% 1.21%
1969 2.63% 1.06%
1968 2.75% 1.36%
1967 2.86% 1.66%
1966 2.88% 0.97%
1965 2.81% 0.59%
1964 2.69% 0.65%
1963 2.87% 0.65%
1962 3.19% 0.65%
1961 3.24% 0.81%

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/population/mongolia/romania | CC BY

In 2024, the population of Mongolia grew by 1.25%, while Romania's population declined by 0.05%.

Live population counters

Mongolia Romania
Current population
3620317
18839108
Population rank 132/197 70/197
Percent of world population 0.04% 0.23%
One net population change
12 minutes
56.8 minutes
One birth every
7.95 minutes
3.45 minutes
One death every
27.5 minutes
2.17 minutes
Daily growth/decline +120 -25
Annual growth/decline +43,643 -9,258
Annual growth/decline rate +1.25% -0.05%
Population growth rate rank 86/197 169/197
One migration net change every
4.63 days
18.1 minutes
Annual migration change +79 -29,041
Net migration rank 74/196 163/196
Foreign-born residents 22,589 655,579
Foreign-born residents rank 169/195 73/195
Foreign-born share of population 0.6% 3.4%
Foreign-born share rank 171/195 112/195

Natural population change vs migration

Mongolia
Natural

Migration
Romania
Natural

Migration
1x
Year Population change
Mongolia Romania
Natural Migration Natural Migration
2025 - 79 - -29,041
2024 - 83 - -28,466
2023 46,995 0 -89,587 -27,780
2022 47,730 0 -93,338 89,076
2021 52,109 0 -141,504 -17,731
2020 60,888 0 -100,179 -13,202
2019 61,433 8,660 -60,053 -27,909
2018 60,635 7,811 -62,316 -33,018
2017 57,940 6,831 -50,930 -33,081
2016 62,086 5,633 -53,196 -33,073
2015 64,473 4,307 -59,447 -35,751
2014 66,078 2,921 -55,745 -35,448
2013 62,618 1,505 -59,951 -34,910
2012 55,942 351 -54,157 -37,589
2011 50,711 -505 -56,413 -102,769
2010 44,914 -6,444 -46,567 -122,364
2009 48,876 -15,007 -34,625 -137,953
2008 45,843 -17,277 -30,806 -144,368
2007 39,636 -15,220 -37,590 -133,089
2006 33,609 -11,934 -38,148 -132,777
2005 29,290 -8,924 -40,508 -131,176
2004 28,418 -8,148 -42,904 -117,432
2003 28,827 -7,986 -56,093 -107,139
2002 30,439 -8,934 -58,673 -106,585
2001 32,052 -10,244 -37,625 -91,154
2000 32,753 -11,241 -22,443 -92,451
1999 32,283 -13,481 -31,461 -82,590
1998 31,757 -10,315 -33,761 -81,366
1997 32,403 -9,132 -42,853 -88,734
1996 33,741 -8,626 -56,548 -70,799
1995 34,473 -7,346 -36,295 -73,779
1994 34,711 -5,449 -18,184 -76,246
1993 36,924 -5,429 -13,658 -73,475
1992 42,437 -8,404 -4,559 -63,200
1991 47,884 -11,427 25,301 -36,824
1990 49,443 -11,881 69,605 -38,157
1989 51,420 -9,757 122,756 -33,866
1988 51,588 2,459 126,817 -48,911
1987 51,140 1,855 128,517 -42,868
1986 50,329 354 134,737 -50,450
1985 49,944 -1,719 111,392 -28,108
1984 48,562 -2,452 117,731 -24,629
1983 46,919 -2,522 87,986 3,093
1982 45,179 -2,132 119,121 -4,725
1981 43,588 -1,615 156,472 -20,870
1980 42,343 -1,268 168,776 -16,668
1979 41,568 -1,296 194,397 -29,600
1978 40,276 1,833 204,148 -31,427
1977 38,995 5,354 215,385 -28,135
1976 37,670 6,577 213,361 18,748
1975 36,490 6,556 219,324 9,125
1974 35,297 6,153 235,530 6,725
1973 33,993 5,647 175,020 58,651
1972 32,727 4,999 198,316 61,920
1971 31,536 4,238 206,662 74,473
1970 30,558 3,263 234,905 71,919
1969 29,781 2,366 264,120 74,851
1968 29,017 3,535 338,577 33,601
1967 28,178 5,139 347,709 37,282
1966 27,338 5,837 115,293 -25,458
1965 26,364 5,610 114,190 -60,430
1964 25,317 4,599 134,326 -59,500
1963 24,142 3,687 139,104 -58,076
1962 22,960 9,049 130,736 -56,152
1961 21,873 10,440 163,286 -54,642
1960 20,726 10,334 191,431 -55,397

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/population/mongolia/romania | CC BY

Over the last 10 years, 94.1% of the population change in Mongolia is from natural causes (a gain of 580,367 people) and 5.87% is from migration (a gain of 36,163 people). In Romania 82% is from natural causes (a loss of 766,295 people) and 18% is from migration (a loss of 167,917 people).

As of 2024, 22,589 residents or 0.6% of the population were not native-born in Mongolia, compared to 655,579 people or 3.4% in Romania.

Biggest cities by population

Mongolia
City Population
Ulaanbaatar 1.4M
Bulgan 12.3K
Romania
City Population
Bucharest 1.72M
Cluj-Napoca 287K
Iasi 272K
Constanta 264K
Timisoara 251K
Brasov 238K
Craiova 234K
Galati 218K
Oradea 183K
Ploiesti 181K

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Population map with other countries

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/population/mongolia/romania | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  3. U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  4. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  5. Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)

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