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Economy of Cuba vs Mozambique compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Cuba has a GDP of $107B compared to $22.4B for Mozambique, ranking 69/197 and 123/197 by economy size, respectively.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Cuba
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Mozambique
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Cuba Mozambique
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1970 $5,693,005,200 $23,120,654,813 - -
1971 $6,914,658,400 $25,105,299,225 - -
1972 $8,135,150,892 $26,317,053,149 - -
1973 $9,987,709,650 $27,220,909,322 - -
1974 $11,405,957,317 $27,488,896,946 - -
1975 $13,027,415,244 $30,093,861,943 - -
1976 $13,789,579,903 $31,727,344,869 - -
1977 $14,206,158,675 $34,490,638,879 - -
1978 $17,844,705,325 $36,765,640,924 - -
1979 $19,584,443,288 $37,165,718,489 - -
1980 $19,912,889,861 $35,363,388,174 - $2,851,825,334
1981 $20,150,254,096 $42,325,850,269 - $2,994,416,685
1982 $20,953,510,235 $46,100,569,047 - $2,787,801,951
1983 $22,204,940,512 $48,595,287,844 - $2,350,116,988
1984 $24,039,383,608 $52,448,756,410 - $2,197,359,386
1985 $22,920,490,774 $53,286,192,381 - $2,219,332,908
1986 $24,226,574,634 $53,336,975,926 - $2,168,288,339
1987 $25,213,935,012 $52,055,729,738 - $2,487,026,735
1988 $27,458,999,472 $53,984,675,578 - $2,690,962,807
1989 $27,023,468,666 $54,351,816,305 - $2,865,875,512
1990 $28,645,436,569 $52,749,217,703 - $2,894,534,062
1991 $24,316,556,026 $47,108,903,627 $3,854,856,435 $3,037,102,926
1992 $22,085,858,243 $41,653,408,482 $2,798,696,511 $2,806,992,351
1993 $22,367,254,865 $35,456,139,102 $2,883,161,897 $3,114,089,525
1994 $28,448,326,757 $35,710,334,910 $2,958,108,170 $3,314,642,611
1995 $30,429,803,651 $36,587,809,679 $3,061,646,174 $3,385,008,954
1996 $25,017,368,700 $39,455,836,485 $4,030,146,135 $3,747,066,498
1997 $25,365,908,100 $40,554,060,118 $4,873,663,775 $4,189,780,379
1998 $25,736,331,200 $40,618,600,304 $5,551,118,149 $4,624,228,448
1999 $28,364,615,200 $43,132,386,084 $6,285,219,691 $5,170,672,900
2000 $30,565,400,000 $45,683,563,279 $5,930,685,215 $5,210,292,404
2001 $31,682,400,000 $47,138,598,430 $5,650,154,067 $5,879,902,616
2002 $33,590,500,000 $47,810,239,203 $5,950,769,427 $6,448,401,314
2003 $35,901,200,000 $49,623,557,376 $6,583,526,861 $6,913,827,632
2004 $38,203,000,000 $52,487,103,646 $7,937,255,565 $7,481,086,790
2005 $42,643,836,100 $58,366,528,663 $8,868,504,900 $7,953,294,767
2006 $48,835,925,926 $65,408,954,115 $9,509,835,537 $8,741,520,167
2007 $54,262,870,370 $70,159,041,951 $10,811,456,006 $9,410,189,984
2008 $56,302,129,630 $73,047,369,064 $12,920,340,965 $10,057,425,621
2009 $57,481,481,481 $74,107,509,498 $12,263,894,790 $10,653,727,557
2010 $59,562,962,963 $75,878,940,053 $11,411,894,724 $11,365,367,724
2011 $68,990,000,000 $78,005,296,225 $14,619,279,989 $12,176,179,698
2012 $73,141,000,000 $80,357,078,126 $16,688,114,144 $13,149,604,768
2013 $77,148,000,000 $82,564,971,264 $17,198,073,057 $14,013,719,723
2014 $80,656,100,000 $83,429,902,609 $17,978,246,586 $15,093,136,077
2015 $87,132,800,000 $87,132,800,000 $16,208,985,770 $16,208,985,770
2016 $91,370,407,864 $87,579,654,549 $12,069,051,237 $16,970,320,250
2017 $96,850,649,692 $89,164,663,931 $13,264,640,646 $17,418,032,490
2018 $100,050,036,096 $91,169,039,693 $15,017,358,953 $18,025,039,082
2019 $103,427,600,000 $91,020,354,637 $15,512,759,047 $18,442,825,952
2020 $107,351,800,000 $81,054,459,000 $14,235,420,174 $18,217,911,540
2021 - $82,070,633,423 $16,168,055,475 $18,651,030,678
2022 - $83,527,427,216 $18,883,528,581 $19,465,045,725
2023 - $81,915,873,064 $20,954,220,984 $20,523,332,839
2024 - - $22,416,650,343 $20,903,378,791

Economic indicators

Cuba Mozambique
Gross domestic product
$107B
2020
$22.4B
2024
GDP rank
69/197
2020
123/197
2024
GDP growth
3.79%
2019-2020
6.98%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$9,605
2020
$647
2024
GDP per capita rank
87/197
2020
190/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$12,300
2016
$1,700
2024
Government debt n/a
$21.7B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio n/a
101.1%
2025
Government debt per person n/a
$625
2024
Government debt per person rank n/a
158/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$3,584
2025
$2,107
2025
Income share by richest 10% n/a
40.8%
2022
Income share by poorest 10% n/a
1.7%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
49%
2025
32.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
5.5%
2019-2020
4.9%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
10.3%
2025
Unemployment rate
1.7%
2018
6.79%
2022
Population
10937204
36441519

GDP per capita in Cuba vs Mozambique

Cuba's GDP per capita is $9,605, ranking 87/197, compared to $647 in Mozambique, ranking 190/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Cuba ranks 122nd at $12,300, while Mozambique ranks 193rd at $1,700.

Cuba
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Mozambique
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Cuba Mozambique
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1970 $645 - - -
1971 $770 - - -
1972 $892 - - -
1973 $1,079 - - -
1974 $1,217 - - -
1975 $1,374 - - -
1976 $1,441 - - -
1977 $1,472 - - -
1978 $1,837 - - -
1979 $2,006 - - -
1980 $2,031 - - -
1981 $2,046 - - -
1982 $2,114 - - -
1983 $2,222 - - -
1984 $2,386 - - -
1985 $2,257 - - -
1986 $2,365 - - -
1987 $2,440 - - -
1988 $2,632 - - -
1989 $2,566 - - -
1990 $2,694 - - $296
1991 $2,269 - $288.7 $315
1992 $2,048 - $205.6 $292
1993 $2,063 - $205.2 $321
1994 $2,613 - $196.8 $326
1995 $2,785 - $191.8 $321
1996 $2,282 - $244.4 $350
1997 $2,306 - $287.5 $387
1998 $2,332 - $320 $422
1999 $2,562 $1,700 $354 $468
2000 $2,751 $1,700 $327 $472
2001 $2,843 - $305 $533
2002 $3,005 $2,300 $314 $580
2003 $3,203 $2,900 $339 $620
2004 $3,399 $3,000 $400 $673
2005 $3,786 $3,500 $437 $721
2006 $4,330 $4,000 $457 $798
2007 $4,807 $11,000 $508 $862
2008 $4,986 $9,500 $592 $916
2009 $5,089 $9,700 $548 $951
2010 $5,272 $10,200 $496 $1,000
2011 $6,104 - $618 $1,064
2012 $6,471 - $686 $1,076
2013 $6,828 - $687 $1,114
2014 $7,147 - $697 $1,166
2015 $7,728 - $611 $1,318
2016 $8,111 $12,300 $441 $1,379
2017 $8,611 - $471 $1,283
2018 $8,911 - $518 $1,326
2019 $9,232 - $519 $1,389
2020 $9,605 - $462 $1,412
2021 - - $510 $1,457
2022 - - $578 $1,582
2023 - - $623 $1,678
2024 - - $647 $1,700

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 22 years, Cuba has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.16%, compared with 8.94% in Mozambique. In 2020, inflation was 5.5% in Cuba and 4.9% in Mozambique.

Inflation
Cuba

Mozambique
Year Inflation
Cuba Mozambique Cuba Mozambique
1996 - 48.5%
1997 - 7.4%
1998 - 1.5%
1999 0.3% 2.9%
2000 - 12.7%
2001 - 9.1%
2002 7.1% 16.8%
2003 4.1% 13.5%
2004 3.1% 12.6%
2005 7% 6.4%
2006 5% 13.2%
2007 3.1% 10.4%
2008 3.4% 14.5%
2009 -0.5% 3.8%
2010 0.7% 12.4%
2011 4.7% 11.2%
2012 5.5% 2.6%
2013 6% 4.3%
2014 - 2.6%
2015 4.4% 3.6%
2016 4.5% 18.4%
2017 - 15.8%
2018 5.5% 3.2%
2019 5.5% 5.7%
2020 5.5% 0.9%
2021 - 6.6%
2022 - 10.4%
2023 - 7%
2024 - 3.2%
2025 - 4.9%

Top exports between countries

Cuba
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $28K
Mozambique
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $45K
Machinery & equipment $26K
Metals $10K
Raw agricultural goods $8K
Chemicals & pharma $7K
Wood & paper products $5K
Miscellaneous $4K
Precious metals & jewellery $4K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $4K
Raw materials & minerals $2K

Balance of trade

Cuba Mozambique
Current account balance
n/a
-$2.49B
2024
Current account balance ranking n/a
148/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP n/a
-11.1%
2024
Goods imports n/a
$8.38B
2024
Goods exports n/a
$8.21B
2024
Service imports n/a
$2.11B
2024
Service exports n/a
$1.15B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
64.6%
2023
52.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
43.5%
2023
42.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Cuba Mozambique
Economic freedom 25.4 50.7
Economic freedom ranking 195/197 163/197
Property rights 29.9 31.6
Government integrity 33.4 24.9
Judicial effectiveness 14.3 44.9
Tax burden 51.9 75.4
Government spending 0 68.8
Fiscal health 0 51.9
Business freedom 42.3 37.3
Labor freedom 20 47.7
Monetary freedom 20 72.3
Trade freedom 72.8 74
Investment freedom 10 40
Financial freedom 10 40

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Cuba is 25.4, ranking 195/197, compared to 50.7 for Mozambique, ranking 163/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Cuba
Mozambique
Year Economic freedom index
Cuba Mozambique
1995 27.8 45.5
1996 27.8 48.4
1997 27.8 44
1998 28.2 43
1999 29.7 48.9
2000 31.3 52.2
2001 31.6 59.2
2002 32.4 57.7
2003 35.1 58.6
2004 34.4 57.2
2005 35.5 54.6
2006 29.3 51.9
2007 28.6 54.7
2008 27.5 55.4
2009 27.9 55.7
2010 26.7 56
2011 27.7 56.8
2012 28.3 57.1
2013 28.5 55
2014 28.7 55
2015 29.6 54.8
2016 29.8 53.2
2017 33.9 49.9
2018 31.9 46.3
2019 27.8 48.6
2020 26.9 50.5
2021 28.1 51.6
2022 29.5 51.3
2023 24.3 52.5
2024 25.7 50.7
2025 25.4 50.7

More economic indicators

Cuba Mozambique
Services, % of GDP
70%
2023
38.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
27.5%
2023
24.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.31%
2023
26.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$101B
2019
$18.9B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP n/a
$1,510
2024
Total reserves including gold
$144M
1960
$3.84B
2024
Total reserves ranking
173/177
1960
108/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
n/a
-$3.55B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
n/a
$3.51B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
n/a
-$44.1M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
n/a
22.7%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines n/a
65%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
9.88%
2020
24.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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Economy comparisons

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.