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Economy of San Marino vs South Africa compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

San Marino has a GDP of $1.83B compared to $400B for South Africa, ranking 181/197 and 41/197 by economy size, respectively.

San Marino has $1.31B in government debt (64.1% of GDP), compared to $306B (79.6% of GDP) in South Africa.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

San Marino
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
South Africa
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
San Marino South Africa
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 - - $8,748,596,501 $65,652,787,806
1961 - - $9,225,996,310 $68,176,962,954
1962 - - $9,813,996,074 $72,388,888,581
1963 - - $10,854,195,658 $77,726,634,753
1964 - - $11,955,995,218 $83,897,825,365
1965 - - $13,068,994,772 $89,034,719,820
1966 - - $14,211,394,315 $92,986,424,439
1967 - - $15,821,393,671 $99,678,213,921
1968 - - $17,124,793,150 $103,818,221,928
1969 - - $19,256,992,297 $108,714,188,432
1970 - - $21,218,391,513 $114,420,228,111
1971 - - $23,411,076,638 $119,316,194,616
1972 - - $24,515,919,217 $121,290,674,451
1973 - - $33,262,772,008 $126,836,017,070
1974 - - $41,389,186,095 $134,587,120,945
1975 - - $42,906,905,672 $136,868,956,456
1976 - - $41,150,460,288 $139,948,316,810
1977 - - $45,328,411,332 $139,816,794,619
1978 - - $51,607,412,902 $144,031,543,620
1979 - - $63,038,658,089 $149,491,087,028
1980 - - $89,411,864,402 $159,388,269,161
1981 - - $93,141,472,164 $167,932,741,244
1982 - - $85,904,057,409 $167,288,855,025
1983 - - $96,204,110,942 $164,199,769,714
1984 - - $84,870,163,366 $172,572,564,948
1985 - - $64,459,376,087 $170,481,777,772
1986 - - $73,354,771,399 $170,512,207,474
1987 - - $96,535,763,418 $174,094,206,900
1988 - - $103,976,831,871 $181,406,354,481
1989 - - $108,055,624,082 $185,750,664,997
1990 - - $126,048,140,142 $185,160,422,892
1991 - - $135,203,698,238 $183,275,036,204
1992 - - $146,956,150,987 $179,358,388,483
1993 - - $147,194,747,566 $181,570,878,123
1994 - - $153,512,712,382 $187,381,146,228
1995 - - $171,735,933,897 $193,189,961,763
1996 - - $163,234,925,381 $201,497,130,113
1997 $976,606,694 $1,248,966,330 $168,978,057,328 $206,736,055,499
1998 $1,048,316,128 $1,342,209,396 $152,982,984,557 $207,769,735,777
1999 $1,109,473,368 $1,463,670,758 $151,516,957,079 $212,756,209,431
2000 $1,007,661,367 $1,495,569,702 $151,752,757,215 $221,691,970,228
2001 $1,059,529,812 $1,578,997,708 $135,429,905,923 $227,677,653,425
2002 $1,148,872,072 $1,583,905,238 $129,087,556,612 $236,102,579,036
2003 $1,462,590,267 $1,645,249,360 $197,018,965,309 $243,065,422,272
2004 $1,715,340,543 $1,720,089,190 $255,806,908,595 $254,135,982,543
2005 $1,786,514,058 $1,761,803,193 $288,867,217,197 $267,546,870,424
2006 $1,909,765,165 $1,829,281,727 $303,858,675,364 $282,539,679,230
2007 $2,188,654,628 $1,959,331,267 $333,077,117,254 $297,685,145,427
2008 $2,403,213,305 $1,949,516,207 $316,131,258,616 $307,184,409,061
2009 $2,064,277,126 $1,748,307,486 $329,754,060,647 $302,459,639,040
2010 $1,881,191,925 $1,652,610,655 $417,363,822,802 $311,653,604,140
2011 $1,813,717,439 $1,515,199,821 $458,199,494,831 $321,528,523,982
2012 $1,604,701,299 $1,408,461,048 $434,400,545,086 $329,233,094,599
2013 $1,678,741,475 $1,397,419,106 $400,886,013,596 $337,416,077,838
2014 $1,673,911,426 $1,387,604,047 $381,198,869,776 $342,186,555,601
2015 $1,419,401,071 $1,419,401,071 $346,709,790,459 $346,709,790,459
2016 $1,468,343,140 $1,452,677,592 $323,585,509,674 $349,013,858,373
2017 $1,528,620,346 $1,456,429,357 $381,448,814,653 $353,055,253,707
2018 $1,655,353,653 $1,478,187,033 $405,260,723,893 $358,551,560,869
2019 $1,616,232,125 $1,508,721,723 $389,330,032,224 $359,483,563,937
2020 $1,544,714,493 $1,408,423,248 $337,974,655,408 $337,307,318,680
2021 $1,855,396,000 $1,604,162,946 $420,886,877,629 $354,021,006,264
2022 $1,831,700,577 $1,730,866,818 $406,920,004,594 $360,788,046,854
2023 - - $380,699,271,816 $363,308,097,942
2024 - - $400,260,724,226 $365,414,753,362

Economic indicators

San Marino South Africa
Gross domestic product
$1.83B
2022
$400B
2024
GDP rank
181/197
2022
41/197
2024
GDP growth
-1.28%
2021-2022
5.14%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$54,265
2022
$6,253
2024
GDP per capita rank
20/197
2022
112/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$75,941
2022
$15,457
2024
Government debt
$1.31B
2022
$306B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
64.1%
2025
79.6%
2025
Government debt per person
$38,712
2022
$4,775
2024
Government debt per person rank
15/185
2022
83/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$44,308
2025
$13,449
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$986B
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
90,595
2024
Number of billionaires n/a
7
2025
Income share by richest 10% n/a
50.5%
2014
Income share by poorest 10% n/a
0.9%
2014
Government expenditure, % of GDP
22.1%
2025
34%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2%
2024-2025
4.36%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
7%
2025
Unemployment rate
4.91%
2022
32.3%
2024
Population
33996
65314246

GDP per capita in San Marino vs South Africa

San Marino's GDP per capita is $54,265, ranking 20/197, compared to $6,253 in South Africa, ranking 112/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), San Marino ranks 17th at $75,941, while South Africa ranks 113th at $15,457.

San Marino
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
South Africa
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
San Marino South Africa
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 - - $532 -
1961 - - $546 -
1962 - - $563 -
1963 - - $605 -
1964 - - $646 -
1965 - - $685 -
1966 - - $722 -
1967 - - $779 -
1968 - - $817 -
1969 - - $891 -
1970 - - $952 -
1971 - - $1,020 -
1972 - - $1,038 -
1973 - - $1,369 -
1974 - - $1,656 -
1975 - - $1,670 -
1976 - - $1,559 -
1977 - - $1,671 -
1978 - - $1,852 -
1979 - - $2,202 -
1980 - - $3,029 -
1981 - - $3,050 -
1982 - - $2,717 -
1983 - - $2,938 -
1984 - - $2,504 -
1985 - - $1,839 -
1986 - - $2,027 -
1987 - - $2,586 -
1988 - - $2,702 -
1989 - - $2,727 -
1990 - - $3,093 $6,382
1991 - - $3,243 $6,383
1992 - - $3,462 $6,275
1993 - - $3,400 $6,375
1994 - - $3,489 $6,611
1995 - - $3,856 $6,875
1996 - - $3,618 $7,208
1997 $37,853 $44,426 $3,700 $7,433
1998 $40,127 $47,679 $3,310 $7,463
1999 $41,932 $52,064 $3,242 $7,667
2000 $37,601 $53,713 $3,218 $8,095
2001 $39,035 $57,252 $2,847 $8,428
2002 $41,791 $57,584 $2,688 $8,792
2003 $52,530 $60,224 $4,062 $9,139
2004 $58,232 $61,114 $5,221 $9,714
2005 $59,878 $63,739 $5,837 $10,441
2006 $63,271 $67,434 $6,077 $11,250
2007 $70,124 $71,744 $6,592 $12,047
2008 $75,902 $71,724 $6,185 $12,525
2009 $62,429 $61,970 $6,375 $12,261
2010 $56,543 $58,926 $7,973 $12,637
2011 $55,601 $56,240 $8,646 $13,143
2012 $47,946 $51,274 $8,077 $12,987
2013 $50,808 $50,770 $7,332 $13,369
2014 $51,260 $52,909 $6,857 $13,359
2015 $43,147 $52,247 $6,112 $13,398
2016 $44,359 $53,033 $5,651 $13,519
2017 $45,192 $52,463 $6,618 $13,738
2018 $47,951 $54,461 $6,914 $13,347
2019 $46,627 $57,444 $6,534 $13,361
2020 $44,427 $55,207 $5,581 $12,671
2021 $54,169 $64,745 $6,843 $13,711
2022 $54,265 $75,941 $6,523 $14,759
2023 - - $6,023 $15,194
2024 - - $6,253 $15,457

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, San Marino's government spending was $397M, accounting for 22.1% of its GDP, while South Africa's spent $133B, or 34% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 64.1% in San Marino and 79.6% in South Africa, ranking 69/185 and 42/185, respectively.

San Marino
Government spending

Government debt
South Africa
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
San Marino South Africa
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 - - 16.7% 52.9%
1961 - - 15.7% 52.8%
1962 - - 15.9% 45.7%
1963 - - 15.9% 43.4%
1964 - - 11.3% 30%
1965 - - 18.2% 42.7%
1966 - - 18.3% 41.4%
1967 - - 18.8% 41.1%
1968 - - 19.4% 42.7%
1969 - - 18.8% 44.4%
1970 - - 20% 43.3%
1971 - - 19.9% 41.1%
1972 - - 22.9% 41.1%
1973 - - 21% 38.2%
1974 - - 19.1% 33.7%
1975 - - 21.2% 32.8%
1976 - - 23% 35%
1977 - - 27.3% 45.3%
1978 - - 26.8% 44.7%
1979 - - 26.5% 41.9%
1980 - - 21.8% 33.3%
1981 - - 23.3% 27.4%
1982 - - 23.8% 31.3%
1983 - - 25.1% 28.7%
1984 - - 25.2% 23.2%
1985 - - 26.8% 26.3%
1986 - - 27.8% 32.5%
1987 - - 28% 33.5%
1988 - - 23.9% 30.6%
1989 - - 29.6% 33.3%
1990 - - 28.7% 31.8%
1991 - - 27.8% 34.7%
1992 - - 29.8% 34.8%
1993 - - 29.1% 39.8%
1994 - - 31.3% 46.4%
1995 - - 27.2% 47%
1996 - - 28.5% 44.3%
1997 - - 27.9% 45.8%
1998 - - 27.1% 45.8%
1999 - - 26.7% 45.9%
2000 - - 22.6% 37.9%
2001 - 11.6% 22.6% 38%
2002 - 17.2% 22.2% 31.8%
2003 - 16.1% 22.6% 31.5%
2004 19% 16.9% 22.7% 30.7%
2005 19.3% 14.5% 25.1% 29.6%
2006 19.7% 14.2% 24.7% 28%
2007 20.7% 12.6% 24.4% 24.3%
2008 22% 15.5% 26% 24%
2009 24.8% 20.1% 28.5% 27%
2010 24.4% 20% 28.3% 31.2%
2011 25.4% 16.6% 28.1% 34.7%
2012 30.6% 17.2% 28.6% 37.4%
2013 30.2% 23.2% 28.9% 40.4%
2014 23.7% 21% 29.3% 43.3%
2015 26.3% 19.3% 30.2% 45.2%
2016 23.4% 21.4% 29.9% 47.1%
2017 25.6% 56.6% 29.9% 48.6%
2018 24.5% 56.7% 30.2% 51.5%
2019 22.4% 56.2% 31.4% 56.1%
2020 59.2% 69.8% 34.6% 68.9%
2021 37.1% 77.2% 32.5% 68.7%
2022 21.7% 71.3% 31.9% 70.8%
2023 21.9% 69.9% 32.5% 73.4%
2024 22.4% 65.2% 33.2% 76.4%
2025 22.1% 64.1% 34% 79.6%

Government deficit by year

In 2022, San Marino's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $7.76M, equivalent to 0.42% of GDP. This compares to South Africa's deficit of -$17.3B, or -4.26% of GDP.

Over the past 19 years, San Marino recorded a fiscal deficit in 12 of those years, while South Africa ran a deficit in 17 years. On average, San Marino posted an annual deficit equal to -3.96% of GDP, compared to deficit of -3.4% of GDP for South Africa.

Deficit/surplus
San Marino

South Africa
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
San Marino South Africa
1913 - -4.15%
1914 - -11.6%
1915 - -10.7%
1916 - -2.57%
1917 - -3.52%
1918 - -3.7%
1919 - -2.6%
1920 - -5.52%
1921 - -5.38%
1922 - -4.51%
1923 - -5.53%
1924 - -4.72%
1925 - -4.92%
1926 - -4.76%
1927 - -3.79%
1928 - -3.29%
1929 - -4.41%
1930 - -5.19%
1931 - -5.31%
1932 - -4.72%
1933 - -3.31%
1934 - -3.29%
1935 - -3.2%
1936 - -2.58%
1937 - -2.16%
1938 - -3.91%
1939 - -2.96%
1940 - -10.9%
1941 - -7.3%
1942 - -9.08%
1943 - -8.49%
1944 - -8.94%
1945 - -7.41%
1946 - -4.03%
1947 - -1.82%
1948 - -6.03%
1949 - -6.87%
1950 - -2.33%
1951 - -0.4%
1952 - -4.14%
1953 - -3.72%
1954 - -2.53%
1955 - -2.9%
1956 - -2.12%
1957 - -2.8%
1958 - -3.5%
1959 - -4.4%
1960 - -2.36%
1961 - -3.25%
1962 - -1.4%
1963 - -2.26%
1964 - -1.19%
1965 - -3.15%
1966 - -3.04%
1967 - -3.8%
1968 - -3.38%
1969 - -3.94%
1970 - -3.19%
1971 - -1.96%
1972 - -5.39%
1973 - -4.54%
1974 - -1.5%
1975 - -2.62%
1976 - -4.19%
1977 - -5.52%
1978 - -5.42%
1979 - -4.65%
1980 - -1.91%
1981 - -3.72%
1982 - -3.88%
1983 - -5.3%
1984 - -5.24%
1985 - -4.86%
1986 - -5.69%
1987 - -6.36%
1988 - -3.29%
1989 - -8.3%
1990 - -3.82%
1991 - -4.85%
1992 - -7.09%
1993 - -8.54%
1994 - -8.09%
1995 - -4.38%
1996 - -4.53%
1997 - -4.08%
1998 - -2.56%
1999 - -2.21%
2000 - -1.38%
2001 - -1.02%
2002 - -0.96%
2003 - -1.59%
2004 2.44% -1.04%
2005 3.58% -0.1%
2006 1.51% 0.81%
2007 1.83% 1.22%
2008 0.18% -0.49%
2009 -2.46% -4.67%
2010 -2.24% -4.51%
2011 -4.05% -3.7%
2012 -7.08% -4.04%
2013 -7.74% -3.9%
2014 1.06% -3.93%
2015 -3.32% -4.37%
2016 -0.19% -3.72%
2017 -3.49% -4.02%
2018 -1.56% -3.73%
2019 -0.11% -5.07%
2020 -37.6% -9.62%
2021 -16.4% -5.52%
2022 0.42% -4.26%
2023 -0.73% -5.45%
2024 -1.85% -6.05%
2025 -1.71% -6.55%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 22 years, San Marino has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.95%, compared with 5.03% in South Africa. In 2024, inflation was 2% in San Marino and 4.36% in South Africa.

Inflation
San Marino

South Africa
Year Inflation
San Marino South Africa San Marino South Africa
1996 - 7.35%
1997 - 8.6%
1998 - 6.88%
1999 - 5.18%
2000 - 5.34%
2001 - 5.7%
2002 - 9.49%
2003 1.3% 5.68%
2004 1.4% -0.69%
2005 1.7% 2.06%
2006 2.1% 3.24%
2007 2.5% 6.18%
2008 4.1% 9.91%
2009 2.4% 7.24%
2010 2.4% 4.07%
2011 2.2% 5%
2012 2.8% 5.74%
2013 1.6% 5.78%
2014 1.1% 6.13%
2015 0.1% 4.52%
2016 0.6% 6.6%
2017 1% 5.19%
2018 1.2% 4.51%
2019 0.5% 4.1%
2020 -0.1% 3.23%
2021 1.6% 4.62%
2022 5.3% 7.04%
2023 5.9% 6.08%
2024 1.2% 4.36%
2025 2% -

Balance of trade

San Marino South Africa
Current account balance
$284M
2022
-$2.58B
2024
Current account balance ranking
61/189
2022
149/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+15.5%
2022
-0.64%
2024
Goods imports
$2.32B
2022
$99.8B
2024
Goods exports
$2.73B
2022
$112B
2024
Service imports
$849M
2022
$20B
2024
Service exports
$891M
2022
$16.1B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
173%
2022
29.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
197.4%
2022
31.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

San Marino South Africa
Economic freedom 76 57.3
Economic freedom ranking 16/197 114/197
Property rights n/a 44.3
Government integrity n/a 45.1
Judicial effectiveness n/a 57.7
Tax burden n/a 67.9
Government spending n/a 68.6
Fiscal health n/a 45.8
Business freedom n/a 64
Labor freedom n/a 71
Monetary freedom n/a 74.5
Trade freedom n/a 68.4
Investment freedom n/a 40
Financial freedom n/a 40

More economic indicators

San Marino South Africa
Services, % of GDP
55.1%
2022
62.7%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
37.6%
2022
24.4%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.01%
2022
2.92%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$1.82B
2022
$390B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$69,360
2022
$15,150
2024
Total reserves including gold
$759M
2024
$65.4B
2024
Total reserves ranking
147/177
2024
36/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$20.3M
2022
-$3.59B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$85.9M
2022
$2.33B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$65.6M
2022
-$1.26B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
n/a
6.1%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines n/a
55.5%
2014
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23%
2022
13.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.