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Economy of San Marino vs Turkmenistan compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

San Marino has a GDP of $1.83B compared to $64.2B for Turkmenistan, ranking 181/197 and 88/197 by economy size, respectively.

San Marino has $1.31B in government debt (64.1% of GDP), compared to $2.97B (4.5% of GDP) in Turkmenistan.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

San Marino
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Turkmenistan
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
San Marino Turkmenistan
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1987 - - $2,331,358,820 $9,134,688,479
1988 - - $3,010,982,414 $10,141,662,024
1989 - - $3,006,988,217 $9,710,101,902
1990 - - $3,189,539,641 $13,145,978,552
1991 - - $3,208,098,919 $12,540,571,637
1992 - - $3,200,539,816 $10,663,751,367
1993 - - $3,179,225,949 $10,823,707,656
1994 - - $2,561,118,608 $8,951,221,334
1995 - - $2,482,228,440 $8,306,729,733
1996 - - $2,378,759,975 $8,863,279,974
1997 $976,606,694 $1,248,966,330 $2,450,350,625 $7,852,866,037
1998 $1,048,316,128 $1,342,209,396 $2,605,689,134 $8,410,419,553
1999 $1,109,473,368 $1,463,670,758 $2,450,564,100 $9,798,138,737
2000 $1,007,661,367 $1,495,569,702 $2,904,663,311 $10,334,005,228
2001 $1,059,529,812 $1,578,997,708 $3,534,772,732 $10,782,898,471
2002 $1,148,872,072 $1,583,905,238 $4,462,029,109 $10,810,629,921
2003 $1,462,590,267 $1,645,249,360 $5,977,440,583 $11,164,010,880
2004 $1,715,340,543 $1,720,089,190 $6,838,351,088 $11,722,256,910
2005 $1,786,514,058 $1,761,803,193 $8,103,901,996 $13,250,139,963
2006 $1,909,765,165 $1,829,281,727 $10,276,674,365 $14,704,118,675
2007 $2,188,654,628 $1,959,331,267 $12,664,165,103 $16,330,291,194
2008 $2,403,213,305 $1,949,516,207 $19,271,523,179 $18,730,843,999
2009 $2,064,277,126 $1,748,307,486 $20,214,385,965 $19,873,425,505
2010 $1,881,191,925 $1,652,610,655 $22,583,157,895 $21,701,780,649
2011 $1,813,717,439 $1,515,199,821 $29,233,333,333 $24,891,942,389
2012 $1,604,701,299 $1,408,461,048 $35,164,210,526 $27,654,947,984
2013 $1,678,741,475 $1,397,419,106 $39,197,543,860 $30,475,752,707
2014 $1,673,911,426 $1,387,604,047 $43,524,210,526 $33,614,755,226
2015 $1,419,401,071 $1,419,401,071 $35,799,714,286 $35,799,714,286
2016 $1,468,343,140 $1,452,677,592 $36,169,428,571 $38,019,296,559
2017 $1,528,620,346 $1,456,429,357 $37,926,285,714 $40,490,550,854
2018 $1,655,353,653 $1,478,187,033 $40,765,428,571 $43,000,964,983
2019 $1,616,232,125 $1,508,721,723 $45,232,857,143 $45,710,025,795
2020 $1,544,714,493 $1,408,423,248 $45,818,000,000 $48,406,917,339
2021 $1,855,396,000 $1,604,162,946 $50,007,428,571 $51,408,146,222
2022 $1,831,700,577 $1,730,866,818 $58,972,000,000 $54,595,451,255
2023 - - $60,628,857,143 $58,035,050,719
2024 - - $64,239,891,739 $59,349,032,300

Economic indicators

San Marino Turkmenistan
Gross domestic product
$1.83B
2022
$64.2B
2024
GDP rank
181/197
2022
88/197
2024
GDP growth
-1.28%
2021-2022
5.96%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$54,265
2022
$8,572
2024
GDP per capita rank
20/197
2022
91/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$75,941
2022
$20,408
2024
Government debt
$1.31B
2022
$2.97B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
64.1%
2025
4.5%
2025
Government debt per person
$38,712
2022
$396
2024
Government debt per person rank
15/185
2022
172/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$44,308
2025
$8,974
2025
Income share by richest 10% n/a
31.5%
1998
Income share by poorest 10% n/a
2.4%
1998
Government expenditure, % of GDP
22.1%
2025
11.1%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2%
2024-2025
3.9%
2024-2025
Unemployment rate
4.91%
2022
4%
2010
Population
33996
7713465

GDP per capita in San Marino vs Turkmenistan

San Marino's GDP per capita is $54,265, ranking 20/197, compared to $8,572 in Turkmenistan, ranking 91/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), San Marino ranks 17th at $75,941, while Turkmenistan ranks 94th at $20,408.

San Marino
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Turkmenistan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
San Marino Turkmenistan
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1987 - - $675 -
1988 - - $846 -
1989 - - $821 -
1990 - - $848 $5,321
1991 - - $832 $5,117
1992 - - $811 $4,351
1993 - - $788 $4,422
1994 - - $622 $3,659
1995 - - $592 $3,405
1996 - - $558 $3,636
1997 $37,853 $44,426 $565 $3,222
1998 $40,127 $47,679 $591 $3,432
1999 $41,932 $52,064 $546 $3,981
2000 $37,601 $53,713 $634 $4,209
2001 $39,035 $57,252 $756 $4,401
2002 $41,791 $57,584 $936 $4,393
2003 $52,530 $60,224 $1,229 $4,536
2004 $58,232 $61,114 $1,379 $4,798
2005 $59,878 $63,739 $1,604 $5,489
2006 $63,271 $67,434 $1,997 $6,164
2007 $70,124 $71,744 $2,415 $6,901
2008 $75,902 $71,724 $3,606 $7,916
2009 $62,429 $61,970 $3,708 $8,285
2010 $56,543 $58,926 $4,059 $8,972
2011 $55,601 $56,240 $5,144 $10,283
2012 $47,946 $51,274 $6,054 $11,035
2013 $50,808 $50,770 $6,600 $11,723
2014 $51,260 $52,909 $7,164 $12,477
2015 $43,147 $52,247 $5,759 $12,715
2016 $44,359 $53,033 $5,687 $12,919
2017 $45,192 $52,463 $5,828 $13,278
2018 $47,951 $54,461 $6,125 $14,368
2019 $46,627 $57,444 $6,648 $15,478
2020 $44,427 $55,207 $6,593 $15,091
2021 $54,169 $64,745 $7,051 $16,434
2022 $54,265 $75,941 $8,156 $18,340
2023 - - $8,233 $19,829
2024 - - $8,572 $20,408

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, San Marino's government spending was $397M, accounting for 22.1% of its GDP, while Turkmenistan's spent $7.26B, or 11.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 64.1% in San Marino and 4.5% in Turkmenistan, ranking 69/185 and 183/185, respectively.

San Marino
Government spending

Government debt
Turkmenistan
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
San Marino Turkmenistan
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1997 - - 14.6% 84.9%
1998 - - 14.2% 107.9%
1999 - - 11.3% 88.2%
2000 - - 14.1% 72.9%
2001 - 11.6% 12.3% 45.1%
2002 - 17.2% 10.6% 32%
2003 - 16.1% 11.3% 22.4%
2004 19% 16.9% 11% 15.1%
2005 19.3% 14.5% 11.5% 9.01%
2006 19.7% 14.2% 8.74% 5.59%
2007 20.7% 12.6% 7.86% 4.05%
2008 22% 15.5% 6.36% 4.71%
2009 24.8% 20.1% 7.84% 4.08%
2010 24.4% 20% 8.86% 6.21%
2011 25.4% 16.6% 9.62% 10%
2012 30.6% 17.2% 10.3% 13.8%
2013 30.2% 23.2% 13% 16%
2014 23.7% 21% 13.2% 12.3%
2015 26.3% 19.3% 13.8% 14.5%
2016 23.4% 21.4% 11.9% 18.5%
2017 25.6% 56.6% 14.7% 20%
2018 24.5% 56.7% 11.4% 18.7%
2019 22.4% 56.2% 11.6% 15.3%
2020 59.2% 69.8% 11.8% 13.3%
2021 37.1% 77.2% 10.9% 10.7%
2022 21.7% 71.3% 9.44% 5.77%
2023 21.9% 69.9% 10.9% 4.66%
2024 22.4% 65.2% 11.3% 4.62%
2025 22.1% 64.1% 11.1% 4.5%

Government deficit by year

In 2022, San Marino's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $7.76M, equivalent to 0.42% of GDP. This compares to Turkmenistan's surplus of $1.45B, or 2.45% of GDP.

Over the past 19 years, San Marino recorded a fiscal deficit in 12 of those years, while Turkmenistan ran a deficit in 6 years. On average, San Marino posted an annual deficit equal to -3.96% of GDP, compared to surplus of +1.3% of GDP for Turkmenistan.

Deficit/surplus
San Marino

Turkmenistan
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
San Marino Turkmenistan
1997 - -0.11%
1998 - 0.63%
1999 - 1.35%
2000 - -0.3%
2001 - 0.42%
2002 - 0.1%
2003 - 2.17%
2004 2.44% 0.8%
2005 3.58% 0.47%
2006 1.51% 3.07%
2007 1.83% 2.28%
2008 0.18% 5.85%
2009 -2.46% 4.11%
2010 -2.24% 1.29%
2011 -4.05% 2.4%
2012 -7.08% 5.27%
2013 -7.74% 1.18%
2014 1.06% 0.69%
2015 -3.32% -0.56%
2016 -0.19% -2.01%
2017 -3.49% -2.35%
2018 -1.56% -0.18%
2019 -0.11% -0.34%
2020 -37.6% -0.14%
2021 -16.4% 0.46%
2022 0.42% 2.45%
2023 -0.73% 0.75%
2024 -1.85% 0.32%
2025 -1.71% 0.17%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 23 years, San Marino has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.95%, compared with 6.84% in Turkmenistan. In 2025, inflation was 2% in San Marino and 3.9% in Turkmenistan.

Inflation
San Marino

Turkmenistan
Year Inflation
San Marino Turkmenistan San Marino Turkmenistan
1996 - 992%
1997 - 83.7%
1998 - 16.8%
1999 - 23.5%
2000 - 8%
2001 - 11.6%
2002 - 8.8%
2003 1.3% 5.6%
2004 1.4% 5.9%
2005 1.7% 10.7%
2006 2.1% 8.2%
2007 2.5% 6.3%
2008 4.1% 14.5%
2009 2.4% -2.7%
2010 2.4% 4.4%
2011 2.2% 5.3%
2012 2.8% 5.3%
2013 1.6% 6.8%
2014 1.1% 6%
2015 0.1% 7.4%
2016 0.6% 3.6%
2017 1% 8%
2018 1.2% 13.3%
2019 0.5% 5.1%
2020 -0.1% 6.1%
2021 1.6% 19.5%
2022 5.3% 11.2%
2023 5.9% -1.6%
2024 1.2% 4.6%
2025 2% 3.9%

Balance of trade

San Marino Turkmenistan
Current account balance
$284M
2022
n/a
Current account balance ranking
61/189
2022
n/a
Current account balance, % of GDP
+15.5%
2022
n/a
Goods imports
$2.32B
2022
n/a
Goods exports
$2.73B
2022
n/a
Service imports
$849M
2022
n/a
Service exports
$891M
2022
n/a
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
173%
2022
12.5%
2023
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
197.4%
2022
21.6%
2023

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

San Marino Turkmenistan
Economic freedom 76 47.1
Economic freedom ranking 16/197 178/197
Property rights n/a 17.7
Government integrity n/a 7.3
Judicial effectiveness n/a 8.2
Tax burden n/a 94.2
Government spending n/a 96.7
Fiscal health n/a 100
Business freedom n/a 37.4
Labor freedom n/a 33.9
Monetary freedom n/a 75.1
Trade freedom n/a 74.2
Investment freedom n/a 10
Financial freedom n/a 10

More economic indicators

San Marino Turkmenistan
Services, % of GDP
55.1%
2022
49.4%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
37.6%
2022
39.3%
2023
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.01%
2022
11.3%
2023
GNI, Atlas method
$1.82B
2022
$62.9B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$69,360
2022
$20,220
2024
Total reserves including gold
$759M
2024
$1.51B
1999
Total reserves ranking
147/177
2024
135/177
1999
Net foreign direct investment
-$20.3M
2022
n/a
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$85.9M
2022
$1.64B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$65.6M
2022
n/a
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
n/a
1.93%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines n/a
0.2%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23%
2022
47.2%
2012

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.