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Economy of Guinea vs Italy compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Guinea has a GDP of $28.3B compared to $2.55T for Italy, ranking 117/197 and 9/197 by economy size, respectively.

Guinea has $13.6B in government debt (48.1% of GDP), compared to $3.5T (137.1% of GDP) in Italy.

Guinea vs Italy GDP by year

Guinea
Italy
1x
Year GDP, current $
Guinea Italy
2025 $28,346,024,753 $2,551,556,954,100
2024 $25,008,678,293 $2,383,435,562,458
2023 $22,407,615,556 $2,316,882,296,366
2022 $19,910,452,542 $2,104,067,630,319
2021 $17,069,115,738 $2,179,207,773,596
2020 $14,088,693,743 $1,907,481,094,079
2019 $13,442,861,496 $2,019,606,796,584
2018 $11,857,030,367 $2,099,435,266,459
2017 $10,324,668,271 $1,970,720,904,585
2016 $8,595,955,222 $1,887,111,188,177
2015 $8,794,201,743 $1,845,428,048,839
2014 $8,778,473,373 $2,173,255,507,986
2013 $8,376,613,539 $2,153,225,581,941
2012 $7,638,044,557 $2,097,929,495,122
2011 $6,785,137,203 $2,306,974,020,278
2010 $6,853,467,146 $2,144,936,254,535
2009 $6,716,905,340 $2,209,484,319,013
2008 $6,964,179,983 $2,417,508,414,187
2007 $6,281,918,226 $2,222,524,108,128
2006 $4,220,019,845 $1,958,563,654,386
2005 $4,282,468,637 $1,864,982,261,287
2004 $5,300,767,961 $1,812,808,753,295
2003 $5,025,167,975 $1,582,930,016,539
2002 $4,301,608,753 $1,281,746,271,196
2001 $4,125,527,603 $1,172,041,488,806
2000 $4,367,458,867 $1,149,661,363,439
1999 $5,046,806,783 $1,255,004,736,464
1998 $5,232,118,046 $1,272,729,786,997
1997 $5,516,916,163 $1,244,988,176,444
1996 $5,641,243,100 $1,314,776,508,972
1995 $5,385,704,166 $1,177,369,428,266
1994 $4,932,800,407 $1,101,750,159,702
1993 $4,781,166,117 $1,067,412,587,671
1992 $4,789,220,417 $1,323,204,350,354
1991 $4,396,178,694 $1,249,092,439,519
1990 $3,888,320,666 $1,183,945,130,899
1989 $3,546,079,263 $930,801,709,004
1988 $3,476,480,303 $893,663,934,841
1987 $2,976,714,019 $807,570,134,449
1986 $2,909,130,355 $641,862,313,287
1985 $22,787,644,566 $453,259,761,687
1984 $18,421,497,251 $438,896,930,791
1983 $15,129,893,722 $444,063,496,940
1982 $11,926,032,493 $428,257,421,618
1981 $9,646,440,667 $431,695,533,981
1980 $9,746,524,915 $478,356,755,596
1979 $8,877,094,497 $394,584,507,108
1978 $8,087,305,999 $315,784,469,541
1977 $6,914,381,291 $258,190,019,750
1976 $6,762,781,871 $225,235,205,862
1975 $6,102,769,605 $228,220,643,535
1974 $5,691,417,541 $200,024,444,775
1973 $5,152,080,388 $175,896,529,392
1972 $4,203,069,035 $145,594,833,997
1971 $3,594,302,908 $124,959,712,859
1970 $3,220,224,608 $113,656,669,765
1969 - $100,996,667,239
1968 - $91,485,448,148
1967 - $84,401,995,573
1966 - $76,622,444,787
1965 - $70,717,012,186
1964 - $65,720,771,779
1963 - $60,035,924,618
1962 - $52,413,872,628
1961 - $46,649,487,320
1960 - $42,012,422,612

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/italy | CC BY

GDP per capita in Guinea vs Italy by year

Guinea
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Italy
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Guinea Italy
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $1,877 - $43,309 -
2024 $1,695 $4,565 $40,430 $62,014
2023 $1,555 $4,334 $39,280 $60,030
2022 $1,417 $4,062 $35,654 $57,261
2021 $1,245 $3,739 $36,853 $49,825
2020 $1,054 $3,332 $32,091 $44,436
2019 $1,031 $3,106 $33,813 $46,662
2018 $933 $2,844 $35,062 $43,387
2017 $834 $2,687 $32,844 $42,142
2016 $712 $2,255 $31,392 $40,483
2015 $747 $1,930 $30,640 $37,384
2014 $765 $1,873 $36,028 $36,666
2013 $748 $1,842 $35,702 $36,459
2012 $699 $1,790 $34,854 $36,281
2011 $637 $1,705 $38,432 $36,392
2010 $659 $1,622 $35,857 $34,974
2009 $662 $1,567 $37,100 $34,502
2008 $704 $1,614 $40,829 $35,422
2007 $650 $1,558 $37,826 $34,108
2006 $447 $1,453 $33,537 $32,454
2005 $463 $1,422 $32,063 $30,138
2004 $585 $1,366 $31,348 $29,581
2003 $566 $1,328 $27,578 $29,249
2002 $496 $1,315 $22,451 $28,833
2001 $483 $1,251 $20,570 $28,134
2000 $518 $1,196 $20,190 $27,152
1999 $611 $1,163 $22,050 $25,655
1998 $647 $1,130 $22,365 $25,075
1997 $696 $1,099 $21,884 $23,937
1996 $726 $1,048 $23,123 $23,101
1995 $713 $1,014 $20,712 $22,446
1994 $672 $976 $19,382 $21,369
1993 $671 $947 $18,782 $20,485
1992 $693 $908 $23,297 $20,196
1991 $656 $887 $22,007 $19,596
1990 $604 $871 $20,874 $18,680
1989 $570 - $16,424 -
1988 $574 - $15,781 -
1987 $505 - $14,268 -
1986 $506 - $11,341 -
1985 $4,062 - $8,009 -
1984 $3,362 - $7,758 -
1983 $2,823 - $7,851 -
1982 $2,273 - $7,574 -
1981 $1,876 - $7,640 -
1980 $1,931 - $8,476 -
1979 $1,790 - $7,006 -
1978 $1,658 - $5,623 -
1977 $1,440 - $4,614 -
1976 $1,431 - $4,042 -
1975 $1,311 - $4,116 -
1974 $1,243 - $3,629 -
1973 $1,143 - $3,213 -
1972 $948 - $2,677 -
1971 $825 - $2,311 -
1970 $753 - $2,112 -
1969 - - $1,886 -
1968 - - $1,718 -
1967 - - $1,595 -
1966 - - $1,459 -
1965 - - $1,357 -
1964 - - $1,272 -
1963 - - $1,171 -
1962 - - $1,030 -
1961 - - $923 -
1960 - - $837 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/italy | CC BY

Guinea's GDP per capita is $1,877, ranking 161/197, compared to $43,309 in Italy, ranking 29/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Guinea ranks 161st at $4,565, while Italy ranks 31st at $62,014.

Economic indicators

Guinea Italy
Gross domestic product
$28.3B
2025
$2.55T
2025
GDP rank
117/197
2025
9/197
2025
GDP growth
7.45%
2024-2025
0.54%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$1,877
2025
$43,309
2025
GDP per capita rank
161/197
2025
29/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$4,565
2024
$62,014
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
161/197
2024
31/197
2024
Government debt
$13.6B
2025
$3.5T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
48.1%
2025
137.1%
2025
Government debt per person
$902
2025
$59,371
2025
Government debt per person rank
146/185
2025
6/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,966
2026
$23,424
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$587B
2014
Number of millionaires n/a
1,235,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
89
2026
Income share by richest 10%
23.1%
2018
25.8%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.5%
2018
2.3%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
25.2%
2025
51.1%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.1%
2024-2025
1.53%
2024-2025
Unemployment rate
5.02%
2019
6.1%
2025
Population
15624314
58708169

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Guinea
Spending

Debt
Italy
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Guinea Italy
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 25.2% 48.1% 51.1% 137.1%
2024 20.6% 48.3% 50.4% 134.7%
2023 18.3% 39.8% 53.6% 133.9%
2022 15.7% 37.2% 54.9% 138.4%
2021 15.1% 40.6% 56% 145.8%
2020 17.1% 45.3% 56.8% 154.4%
2019 14.9% 37.3% 48.4% 133.9%
2018 15.9% 37.5% 48.3% 134.2%
2017 17.3% 39.9% 48.8% 133.7%
2016 16.1% 40.6% 49% 134.2%
2015 21.7% 41.5% 50.2% 134.8%
2014 20.1% 32.1% 50.7% 134.8%
2013 18.6% 30.5% 50.9% 131.9%
2012 19.6% 26.9% 50.5% 125.9%
2011 16% 53.8% 49% 119.1%
2010 20.5% 71.1% 49.8% 118.8%
2009 16.2% 61.3% 51.1% 116.1%
2008 10.1% 58.5% 47.8% 105.8%
2007 8.66% 60.8% 46.6% 103.5%
2006 13.2% 95.2% 47.6% 106.3%
2005 11% 97.9% 47.1% 106.2%
2004 13% 86.9% 46.7% 104.7%
2003 14.7% 81.6% 47% 105.1%
2002 14.4% 82.6% 46.5% 105.9%
2001 14.9% 90.4% 47.1% 108.5%
2000 12.6% 91.5% 46.4% 108.7%
1999 11.6% 92.3% 47.1% 113.1%
1998 10.3% 75.9% 48% 113.9%
1997 12.6% 67.9% 49.3% 116.5%
1996 12% 67.7% 51.3% 118.9%
1995 12.7% 66.5% 51.4% 119.1%
1994 12.6% 71.3% 55.1% 130.8%
1993 13.3% 68.9% 57.8% 124.1%
1992 13.8% 62% 56.8% 113%
1991 16.3% 70.9% 55.3% 105.3%
1990 18.7% 71.6% 54.2% 101.7%
1989 - - 51.6% 91.8%
1988 - - 50.4% 89.2%
1987 - - 49.8% 87.4%
1986 - - 50.5% 83.4%
1985 - - 49.8% 79.1%
1984 - - 49.1% 73.1%
1983 - - 48.9% 67.8%
1982 - - 46.7% 61.8%
1981 - - 44.6% 57.3%
1980 - - 40.8% 55.1%
1979 - - 40.1% 58.9%
1978 - - 40.9% 59.9%
1977 - - 38.5% 56%
1976 - - 38.1% 57.3%
1975 - - 39.1% 57.9%
1974 - - 34.8% 50.8%
1973 - - 35.3% 51.1%
1972 - - 36.4% 48.2%
1971 - - 34.4% 42.4%
1970 - - 32.3% 37.8%
1969 - - 32.1% 37%
1968 - - 32.6% 36.4%
1967 - - 17.9% 33.3%
1966 - - 19.1% 33.4%
1965 - - 18.6% 28.4%
1964 - - 18.2% 27.2%
1963 - - 16.7% 27.2%
1962 - - 17.5% 29%
1961 - - 17.3% 30%
1960 - - 16.5% 31.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/italy | CC BY

In 2025, Guinea's government spending was $7.13B, accounting for 25.2% of its GDP, while Italy spent $1.3T, or 51.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 48.1% in Guinea and 137.1% in Italy, ranking 111/185 and 9/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Guinea

Italy
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Guinea Italy
2025 -7% -3.11%
2024 -4.99% -3.35%
2023 -3.86% -7.13%
2022 -1.88% -8.1%
2021 -1.7% -8.88%
2020 -3.08% -9.38%
2019 -0.17% -1.45%
2018 -0.97% -2.19%
2017 -1.98% -2.51%
2016 -0.08% -2.4%
2015 -6.53% -2.46%
2014 -3.01% -2.82%
2013 -3.86% -2.87%
2012 23.7% -2.99%
2011 -0.92% -3.52%
2010 -9.66% -4.16%
2009 -4.87% -5.06%
2008 0.38% -2.58%
2007 1.28% -1.33%
2006 -2.13% -3.61%
2005 -1.06% -4.1%
2004 -3.85% -3.46%
2003 -4.65% -3.23%
2002 -3.37% -2.88%
2001 -3.23% -3.18%
2000 -2.42% -2.42%
1999 -1.3% -1.77%
1998 2.46% -2.99%
1997 0.07% -2.98%
1996 -2.2% -6.61%
1995 -1.07% -7.2%
1994 -2.59% -8.84%
1993 -2.33% -9.76%
1992 -0.89% -10.1%
1991 -3.25% -11.1%
1990 -3.76% -11.1%
1989 - -11.4%
1988 - -11%
1987 - -11.5%
1986 - -12%
1985 - -12.4%
1984 - -11.5%
1983 - -10.1%
1982 - -10%
1981 - -10.9%
1980 - -6.97%
1979 - -8.23%
1978 - -8.47%
1977 - -6.96%
1976 - -7.88%
1975 - -10.3%
1974 - -6.24%
1973 - -6.36%
1972 - -6.84%
1971 - -4.71%
1970 - -3.22%
1969 - -2.85%
1968 - -2.55%
1967 - -0.97%
1966 - -1.59%
1965 - -2.67%
1964 - -2.35%
1963 - -0.3%
1962 - -0.95%
1961 - -0.57%
1960 - -0.28%
1959 - -1%
1958 - -0.98%
1957 - -1.09%
1956 - -1.46%
1955 - -2.03%
1954 - -1.84%
1953 - -2.33%
1952 - -4.08%
1951 - -3.86%
1950 - -2.42%
1949 - -2.82%
1948 - -4.58%
1947 - -6.62%
1946 - -9.82%
1945 - -16.9%
1944 - -35.1%
1943 - -16.1%
1942 - -26.9%
1941 - -25.1%
1940 - -24.3%
1939 - -9.49%
1938 - -5.97%
1937 - -5.78%
1936 - -7.93%
1935 - -9.83%
1934 - -2.5%
1933 - -4.85%
1932 - -3.06%
1931 - -2.14%
1930 - -0.55%
1929 - -0.59%
1928 - -2.09%
1927 - -1.71%
1926 - -0.09%
1925 - 1.7%
1924 - 1.19%
1923 - -3.21%
1922 - -11%
1921 - -7.77%
1920 - -5.89%
1919 - -11.2%
1918 - -22.7%
1917 - -27.6%
1916 - -28.2%
1915 - -25.8%
1914 - -12.4%
1913 - -0.86%
1912 - -1.86%
1911 - -0.63%
1910 - -0.32%
1909 - -0.69%
1908 - -1.31%
1907 - -0.51%
1906 - -0.69%
1905 - -1.57%
1904 - 0.58%
1903 - 0.32%
1902 - 0.48%
1901 - 0.36%
1900 - 0.28%
1899 - -0.11%
1898 - -0.21%
1897 - 0.009%
1896 - -0.43%
1895 - -0.69%
1894 - -0.23%
1893 - -0.49%
1892 - -0.25%
1891 - -1.41%
1890 - -0.32%
1889 - -1.32%
1888 - -2.11%
1887 - -1.94%
1886 - -0.5%
1885 - 0.2%
1884 - -1.46%
1883 - -0.51%
1882 - -0.5%
1881 - -0.04%
1880 - 0.38%
1879 - 0.73%
1878 - 0.09%
1877 - -0.009%
1876 - -0.05%
1875 - 0.58%
1874 - -0.08%
1873 - 0.21%
1872 - 0%
1871 - -0.13%
1870 - -0.82%
1869 - 0.33%
1868 - -0.79%
1867 - -1.45%
1866 - -3.1%
1865 - -2.72%
1864 - -3.06%
1863 - -4.16%
1862 - -3.96%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1862–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/italy | CC BY

In 2025, Guinea's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.98B, equivalent to 7% of GDP. This compares to Italy's deficit of $79.4B, or 3.11% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, Guinea recorded a fiscal deficit in 31 of those years, while Italy ran a deficit in 36 years. On average, Guinea posted an annual deficit equal to 1.8% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.77% of GDP for Italy.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Guinea

Italy
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Guinea Italy
2025 3.1% 1.53%
2024 4.5% 0.98%
2023 5.4% 5.62%
2022 10.5% 8.2%
2021 12.6% 1.87%
2020 10.6% -0.14%
2019 9.5% 0.61%
2018 9.8% 1.14%
2017 8.9% 1.23%
2016 8.2% -0.09%
2015 8.2% 0.04%
2014 9.7% 0.24%
2013 11.9% 1.22%
2012 15.2% 3.04%
2011 21.4% 2.78%
2010 15.5% 1.53%
2009 4.7% 0.77%
2008 18.4% 3.35%
2007 22.9% 1.83%
2006 34.7% 2.09%
2005 31.4% 1.99%
2004 17.5% 2.21%
2003 11% 2.67%
2002 3% 2.47%
2001 5.4% 2.79%
2000 6.8% 2.54%
1999 4.6% 1.66%
1998 5.1% 1.96%
1997 1.9% 2.04%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/italy | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Guinea has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 11.5%, compared with 2.01% in Italy. In 2025, inflation was 3.1% in Guinea and 1.53% in Italy.

Top exports between countries

Guinea
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $2.63M
Precious metals & jewellery $1.23M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $148K
Wood & paper products $8K
Italy
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $37.5M
Textiles & consumer goods $30.3M
Raw materials & minerals $20.2M
Animal & marine products $11.7M
Wood & paper products $11.3M
Metals $4.49M
Chemicals & pharma $2.98M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.28M
Raw agricultural goods $407K
Precious metals & jewellery $124K

Balance of trade

Guinea Italy
Current account balance
-$392M
2024
$29.3B
2025
Current account balance ranking
101/190
2024
19/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.57%
2024
+1.15%
2025
Goods imports
$7.08B
2024
$597B
2025
Goods exports
$11.6B
2024
$655B
2025
Service imports
$3.15B
2024
$177B
2025
Service exports
$71.2M
2024
$168B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
62.3%
2025
30.3%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
41.4%
2025
32.2%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Guinea Italy
Economic freedom 53.1 63.3
Economic freedom ranking 141/197 80/197
Property rights 21.3 84.8
Government integrity 26.7 60.8
Judicial effectiveness 26 80.9
Tax burden 70.1 57.5
Government spending 90.1 15.3
Fiscal health 74.8 17.2
Business freedom 44.8 74.5
Labor freedom 56.4 70.6
Monetary freedom 75.3 79.1
Trade freedom 61.8 79.4
Investment freedom 50 80
Financial freedom 40 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Guinea
Italy
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Guinea Italy
2026 53.1 63.3
2025 54.6 60.9
2024 53.3 60.1
2023 53.2 62.3
2022 54.2 65.4
2021 56.5 64.9
2020 56.5 63.8
2019 55.7 62.2
2018 52.2 62.5
2017 47.6 62.5
2016 53.3 61.2
2015 52.1 61.7
2014 53.5 60.9
2013 51.2 60.6
2012 50.8 58.8
2011 51.7 60.3
2010 51.8 62.7
2009 51 61.4
2008 52.8 62.6
2007 54.5 62.8
2006 52.8 62
2005 57.4 64.9
2004 56.1 64.2
2003 54.6 64.3
2002 52.9 63.6
2001 58.4 63
2000 58.2 61.9
1999 59.4 61.6
1998 61 59.1
1997 52.9 58.1
1996 58.5 60.8
1995 59.4 61.2

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/italy | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Guinea is 53.1, ranking 141/197, compared to 63.3 for Italy, ranking 80/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Guinea Italy
Services, % of GDP
35.7%
2025
64.5%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
25.4%
2025
22.6%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
31.3%
2025
2.07%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$26.2B
2025
$2.48T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$4,730
2025
$62,870
2025
Total reserves including gold
$1.35B
2024
$434B
2025
Total reserves ranking
137/177
2024
10/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.4B
2024
$22B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.4B
2024
$28.5B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$30K
2024
$45.9B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
1.94%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
47%
2020
20.1%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
37%
2025
22.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1862–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2016–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.