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Economy of Guinea vs Portugal compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Guinea has a GDP of $25B compared to $313B for Portugal, ranking 118/197 and 46/197 by economy size, respectively.

Guinea has $12.2B in government debt (48.8% of GDP), compared to $297B (94.9% of GDP) in Portugal.

Guinea vs Portugal GDP by year

Guinea
Portugal
1x
Year GDP, current $
Guinea Portugal
2024 $25,008,678,293 $313,271,185,085
2023 $22,407,615,556 $292,323,800,949
2022 $19,910,452,542 $256,898,677,175
2021 $17,069,115,738 $256,055,879,091
2020 $14,088,693,743 $229,618,773,423
2019 $13,442,861,496 $240,115,970,063
2018 $11,857,030,367 $242,092,894,543
2017 $10,324,668,271 $220,862,990,767
2016 $8,595,955,222 $206,305,431,242
2015 $8,794,201,743 $199,038,523,120
2014 $8,778,473,373 $230,078,616,300
2013 $8,376,613,539 $226,677,408,292
2012 $7,638,044,557 $216,536,676,772
2011 $6,785,137,203 $245,426,767,676
2010 $6,853,467,146 $238,443,864,993
2009 $6,716,905,340 $244,667,762,836
2008 $6,964,179,983 $263,416,394,624
2007 $6,281,918,226 $240,496,147,317
2006 $4,220,019,845 $208,756,449,276
2005 $4,282,468,637 $197,253,876,705
2004 $5,300,767,961 $189,382,122,532
2003 $5,025,167,975 $165,226,175,537
2002 $4,301,608,753 $134,795,565,549
2001 $4,125,527,603 $121,604,107,165
2000 $4,367,458,867 $118,605,192,877
1999 $5,046,806,783 $127,470,385,557
1998 $5,232,118,046 $123,946,327,916
1997 $5,516,916,163 $117,016,535,163
1996 $5,641,243,100 $122,630,089,680
1995 $5,385,704,166 $118,122,007,430
1994 $4,932,800,407 $99,688,641,304
1993 $4,781,166,117 $95,009,751,901
1992 $4,789,220,417 $107,592,098,307
1991 $4,396,178,694 $89,233,599,278
1990 $3,888,320,666 $78,713,860,217
1989 $3,546,079,263 $60,594,092,182
1988 $3,476,480,303 $56,347,250,696
1987 $2,976,714,019 $48,182,925,857
1986 $2,909,130,355 $38,745,901,354
1985 $22,787,644,566 $27,115,807,742
1984 $18,421,497,251 $25,217,969,050
1983 $15,129,893,722 $27,239,650,742
1982 $11,926,032,493 $30,527,754,793
1981 $9,646,440,667 $31,977,276,873
1980 $9,746,524,915 $32,896,519,824
1979 $8,877,094,497 $26,622,819,672
1978 $8,087,305,999 $23,487,614,051
1977 $6,914,381,291 $21,439,523,311
1976 $6,762,781,871 $20,332,831,565
1975 $6,102,769,605 $19,347,607,843
1974 $5,691,417,541 $17,512,391,476
1973 $5,152,080,388 $15,090,564,186
1972 $4,203,069,035 $11,239,117,865
1971 $3,594,302,908 $9,201,604,240
1970 $3,220,224,608 $8,108,235,704
1969 - $7,287,555,035
1968 - $6,644,693,214
1967 - $6,002,607,030
1966 - $5,370,108,031
1965 - $4,901,711,248
1964 - $4,429,202,657
1963 - $4,084,251,593
1962 - $3,835,883,663
1961 - $3,573,719,085
1960 - $3,339,150,158

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/portugal | CC BY

GDP per capita in Guinea vs Portugal by year

Guinea
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Portugal
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Guinea Portugal
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $1,695 $4,565 $29,292 $51,680
2023 $1,555 $4,334 $27,635 $49,353
2022 $1,417 $4,062 $24,621 $45,250
2021 $1,245 $3,739 $24,711 $38,658
2020 $1,054 $3,332 $22,299 $35,967
2019 $1,031 $3,106 $23,343 $37,866
2018 $933 $2,844 $23,541 $34,897
2017 $834 $2,687 $21,442 $32,971
2016 $712 $2,255 $19,980 $31,589
2015 $747 $1,930 $19,216 $29,608
2014 $765 $1,873 $22,121 $28,765
2013 $748 $1,842 $21,676 $27,966
2012 $699 $1,790 $20,593 $26,476
2011 $637 $1,705 $23,247 $26,803
2010 $659 $1,622 $22,552 $27,292
2009 $662 $1,567 $23,151 $26,472
2008 $704 $1,614 $24,949 $26,666
2007 $650 $1,558 $22,811 $25,738
2006 $447 $1,453 $19,839 $24,677
2005 $463 $1,422 $18,780 $22,725
2004 $585 $1,366 $18,064 $21,476
2003 $566 $1,328 $15,798 $20,850
2002 $496 $1,315 $12,937 $20,357
2001 $483 $1,251 $11,735 $19,529
2000 $518 $1,196 $11,526 $18,883
1999 $611 $1,163 $12,475 $17,718
1998 $647 $1,130 $12,199 $16,688
1997 $696 $1,099 $11,576 $15,789
1996 $726 $1,048 $12,185 $14,922
1995 $713 $1,014 $11,781 $14,406
1994 $672 $976 $9,977 $13,578
1993 $671 $947 $9,535 $13,202
1992 $693 $908 $10,811 $13,182
1991 $656 $887 $8,959 $12,739
1990 $604 $871 $7,885 $11,780
1989 $570 - $6,056 -
1988 $574 - $5,624 -
1987 $505 - $4,804 -
1986 $506 - $3,862 -
1985 $4,062 - $2,705 -
1984 $3,362 - $2,523 -
1983 $2,823 - $2,735 -
1982 $2,273 - $3,080 -
1981 $1,876 - $3,246 -
1980 $1,931 - $3,368 -
1979 $1,790 - $2,756 -
1978 $1,658 - $2,457 -
1977 $1,440 - $2,267 -
1976 $1,431 - $2,173 -
1975 $1,311 - $2,128 -
1974 $1,243 - $2,000 -
1973 $1,143 - $1,748 -
1972 $948 - $1,302 -
1971 $825 - $1,065 -
1970 $753 - $934 -
1969 - - $832 -
1968 - - $752 -
1967 - - $676 -
1966 - - $601 -
1965 - - $545 -
1964 - - $490 -
1963 - - $452 -
1962 - - $426 -
1961 - - $400 -
1960 - - $377 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/portugal | CC BY

Guinea's GDP per capita is $1,695, ranking 160/197, compared to $29,292 in Portugal, ranking 44/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Guinea ranks 161st at $4,565, while Portugal ranks 42nd at $51,680.

Economic indicators

Guinea Portugal
Gross domestic product
$25B
2024
$313B
2024
GDP rank
118/197
2024
46/197
2024
GDP growth
5.35%
2023-2024
2.14%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$1,695
2024
$29,292
2024
GDP per capita rank
160/197
2024
44/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$4,565
2024
$51,680
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
161/197
2024
42/197
2024
Government debt
$12.2B
2024
$297B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
48.8%
2024
94.9%
2024
Government debt per person
$828
2024
$27,807
2024
Government debt per person rank
147/185
2024
27/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$20,020
2026
$16,747
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$61.9B
2018
Number of millionaires n/a
171,797
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
1
2025
Income share by richest 10%
23.1%
2018
26.9%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.5%
2018
2.7%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
20.6%
2024
42.8%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.7%
2023-2024
2.42%
2023-2024
Unemployment rate
5.02%
2019
6.43%
2024
Population
15546235
10667081

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Guinea
Spending

Debt
Portugal
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Guinea Portugal
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 20.6% 48.8% 42.8% 94.9%
2023 18.3% 40.4% 42.3% 97.7%
2022 15.7% 37.9% 43.9% 111.2%
2021 15.1% 40.6% 47.3% 123.9%
2020 17.1% 45.3% 49.1% 134.1%
2019 14.9% 37.3% 42.5% 116.1%
2018 15.9% 37.5% 43.3% 121.1%
2017 17.3% 39.9% 45.5% 126%
2016 16.1% 40.6% 44.9% 131.2%
2015 21.7% 41.5% 48.2% 131%
2014 20.1% 32.1% 51.7% 132.5%
2013 18.6% 30.5% 50% 130.8%
2012 19.6% 26.9% 48.8% 128.6%
2011 16% 53.8% 50% 114%
2010 20.5% 71.1% 51.9% 100.1%
2009 16.2% 61.3% 50.3% 87.8%
2008 10.1% 58.5% 45.5% 75.6%
2007 8.66% 60.8% 44.5% 72.7%
2006 13.2% 95.2% 45.1% 73.7%
2005 11% 97.9% 46.8% 72.2%
2004 13% 86.9% 46.1% 67.1%
2003 14.7% 81.6% 45.4% 63.9%
2002 14.4% 82.6% 44.2% 60%
2001 14.9% 90.4% 44.1% 57.4%
2000 12.6% 91.5% 42.8% 54.2%
1999 11.6% 92.3% 42.5% 55.4%
1998 10.3% 75.9% 42.6% 55.6%
1997 12.6% 67.9% 42.4% 58.7%
1996 12% 67.7% 43% 63.3%
1995 12.7% 66.5% 42.6% 62.2%
1994 12.6% 71.3% 42.8% 60.4%
1993 13.3% 68.9% 46.5% 57.2%
1992 13.8% 62% 48.2% 58.1%
1991 16.3% 70.9% 45.9% 63.9%
1990 18.7% 71.6% 42.2% 60.2%
1989 - - 36.2% 55.4%
1988 - - 36.2% 56.8%
1987 - - 37.5% 57.2%
1986 - - 38.9% 59.8%
1985 - - 37.5% 59.4%
1984 - - 34.6% 51.3%
1983 - - 34.7% 46.7%
1982 - - 35.8% 43%
1981 - - 35.3% 39.3%
1980 - - 32.4% 31%
1979 - - 30.8% 35.2%
1978 - - 31.7% 31.4%
1977 - - 35.1% 26.9%
1976 - - 38.2% 24.5%
1975 - - 31.9% 19.2%
1974 - - 25.8% 13.5%
1973 - - 25.7% 13.6%
1972 - - 22.8% 14.5%
1971 - - 15.5% 15.7%
1970 - - 15.5% 16.5%
1969 - - 14.9% 16.8%
1968 - - 14.3% 17.2%
1967 - - 14.1% 18.5%
1966 - - 14.4% 20.2%
1965 - - 13.4% 20.4%
1964 - - 13.9% 21.9%
1963 - - 14.6% 20.8%
1962 - - 14.5% 18.7%
1961 - - 14.6% 17.1%
1960 - - 14.3% 16.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/portugal | CC BY

In 2024, Guinea's government spending was $5.14B, accounting for 20.6% of its GDP, while Portugal spent $134B, or 42.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 48.8% in Guinea and 94.9% in Portugal, ranking 111/185 and 27/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Guinea

Portugal
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Guinea Portugal
2024 -4.99% 0.7%
2023 -3.86% 1.21%
2022 -1.88% -0.31%
2021 -1.7% -2.83%
2020 -3.08% -5.75%
2019 -0.17% 0.12%
2018 -0.97% -0.43%
2017 -1.98% -3%
2016 -0.08% -1.94%
2015 -6.53% -4.37%
2014 -3.01% -7.32%
2013 -3.86% -5.21%
2012 23.7% -6.2%
2011 -0.92% -7.73%
2010 -9.66% -11.4%
2009 -4.87% -9.87%
2008 0.38% -3.81%
2007 1.28% -2.91%
2006 -2.13% -4.07%
2005 -1.06% -6.11%
2004 -3.85% -5.99%
2003 -4.65% -5.66%
2002 -3.37% -3.73%
2001 -3.23% -4.73%
2000 -2.42% -3.35%
1999 -1.3% -2.99%
1998 2.46% -4.3%
1997 0.07% -3.65%
1996 -2.2% -4.63%
1995 -1.07% -5.14%
1994 -2.59% -7.37%
1993 -2.33% -8.06%
1992 -0.89% -5.19%
1991 -3.25% -7.93%
1990 -3.76% -6.82%
1989 - -2.86%
1988 - -3.52%
1987 - -6.79%
1986 - -7.45%
1985 - -8.35%
1984 - -5.23%
1983 - -4.86%
1982 - -7.02%
1981 - -8.34%
1980 - -6.92%
1979 - -6.08%
1978 - -7.15%
1977 - -7.5%
1976 - -10.2%
1975 - -7.1%
1974 - -3.2%
1973 - -5.39%
1972 - -7.72%
1971 - -0.23%
1970 - -0.24%
1969 - -1.53%
1968 - -1.24%
1967 - -0.46%
1966 - -2%
1965 - -0.03%
1964 - -1.93%
1963 - -3.33%
1962 - -1.69%
1961 - -3.17%
1960 - -3.13%
1959 - -1.73%
1958 - -0.52%
1957 - 0.08%
1956 - -0.18%
1955 - -0.31%
1954 - -0.58%
1953 - -0.35%
1952 - -0.34%
1951 - 0.94%
1950 - -0.83%
1949 - -0.46%
1948 - -2.04%
1947 - -1.65%
1946 - -2.32%
1945 - -2.38%
1944 - -1.44%
1943 - 0.03%
1942 - -0.35%
1941 - -0.08%
1940 - -1.74%
1939 - -0.73%
1938 - -0.08%
1937 - -0.09%
1936 - 0.08%
1935 - 0.75%
1934 - 0.6%
1933 - -0.07%
1932 - -0.03%
1931 - 0.04%
1930 - 0.79%
1929 - 1.86%
1928 - 0.2%
1927 - -2.27%
1926 - -4.21%
1925 - -1.48%
1924 - -3.16%
1923 - -3.47%
1922 - -10%
1921 - -6.5%
1920 - -5.66%
1919 - -8.83%
1918 - -8.3%
1917 - -5.49%
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -0.34%
1912 - -0.02%
1911 - -0.73%
1910 - -0.19%
1909 - -0.82%
1908 - -0.56%
1907 - -0.69%
1906 - -0.45%
1905 - -0.75%
1904 - -0.26%
1903 - -0.91%
1902 - -0.5%
1901 - -0.69%
1900 - -0.35%
1899 - -0.77%
1898 - -0.5%
1897 - -0.93%
1896 - -1.35%
1895 - -0.2%
1894 - -0.16%
1893 - -0.02%
1892 - -0.8%
1891 - -2.15%
1890 - -2.01%
1889 - -1.95%
1888 - -2.14%
1887 - -0.67%
1886 - -1.43%
1885 - -1.68%
1884 - -1.48%
1883 - -1.1%
1882 - -0.39%
1881 - -1.2%
1880 - -1.63%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/portugal | CC BY

In 2024, Guinea's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.25B, equivalent to 4.99% of GDP. This compares to Portugal's surplus of $2.19B, or 0.7% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Guinea recorded a fiscal deficit in 30 of those years, while Portugal ran a deficit in 32 years. On average, Guinea posted an annual deficit equal to 1.65% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.6% of GDP for Portugal.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Guinea

Portugal
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Guinea Portugal
2024 4.7% 2.42%
2023 5.4% 4.31%
2022 10.5% 7.83%
2021 12.6% 1.27%
2020 10.6% -0.01%
2019 9.5% 0.34%
2018 9.8% 0.99%
2017 8.9% 1.37%
2016 8.2% 0.61%
2015 8.2% 0.49%
2014 9.7% -0.28%
2013 11.9% 0.27%
2012 15.2% 2.77%
2011 21.4% 3.65%
2010 15.5% 1.4%
2009 4.7% -0.84%
2008 18.4% 2.59%
2007 22.9% 2.45%
2006 34.7% 3.11%
2005 31.4% 2.28%
2004 17.5% 2.37%
2003 11% 3.22%
2002 3% 3.6%
2001 5.4% 4.37%
2000 6.8% 2.85%
1999 4.6% 2.34%
1998 5.1% 2.57%
1997 1.9% 2.34%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/portugal | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Guinea has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 11.8%, compared with 2.17% in Portugal. In 2024, inflation was 4.7% in Guinea and 2.42% in Portugal.

Top exports between countries

Guinea
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $195K
Miscellaneous $1K
Portugal
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $12.1M
Textiles & consumer goods $3.26M
Animal & marine products $2.98M
Metals $1.98M
Raw materials & minerals $1.57M
Chemicals & pharma $956K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $833K
Wood & paper products $354K
Raw agricultural goods $13K
Miscellaneous $11K

Balance of trade

Guinea Portugal
Current account balance
-$392M
2024
$6.51B
2024
Current account balance ranking
104/190
2024
28/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.57%
2024
+2.08%
2024
Goods imports
$7.08B
2024
$109B
2024
Goods exports
$11.6B
2024
$81.4B
2024
Service imports
$3.15B
2024
$27.9B
2024
Service exports
$71.2M
2024
$62.7B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
56.4%
2024
43.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
41.4%
2024
45.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Guinea Portugal
Economic freedom 53.1 71.2
Economic freedom ranking 141/197 33/197
Property rights 21.3 88.9
Government integrity 26.7 63.4
Judicial effectiveness 26 90.1
Tax burden 70.1 60.6
Government spending 90.1 44.6
Fiscal health 74.8 82
Business freedom 44.8 83.1
Labor freedom 56.4 54.8
Monetary freedom 75.3 77.7
Trade freedom 61.8 79.4
Investment freedom 50 70
Financial freedom 40 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Guinea
Portugal
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Guinea Portugal
2026 53.1 71.2
2025 54.6 70.5
2024 53.3 68.7
2023 53.2 69.5
2022 54.2 70.8
2021 56.5 67.5
2020 56.5 67
2019 55.7 65.3
2018 52.2 63.4
2017 47.6 62.6
2016 53.3 65.1
2015 52.1 65.3
2014 53.5 63.5
2013 51.2 63.1
2012 50.8 63
2011 51.7 64
2010 51.8 64.4
2009 51 64.9
2008 52.8 63.9
2007 54.5 64
2006 52.8 62.9
2005 57.4 62.4
2004 56.1 64.9
2003 54.6 64.9
2002 52.9 65.4
2001 58.4 66
2000 58.2 65.5
1999 59.4 65.6
1998 61 65
1997 52.9 63.6
1996 58.5 64.5
1995 59.4 62.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/portugal | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Guinea is 53.1, ranking 141/197, compared to 71.2 for Portugal, ranking 33/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Guinea Portugal
Services, % of GDP
36.3%
2024
66.3%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
25.1%
2024
18.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
31%
2024
2.02%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$21.3B
2024
$288B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$4,130
2024
$50,730
2024
Total reserves including gold
$1.89B
2023
$42.4B
2024
Total reserves ranking
128/177
2023
48/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.4B
2024
-$6.64B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.4B
2024
$13.5B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$30K
2024
$6.84B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
1.94%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
47%
2020
16.4%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
32.1%
2024
20.4%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/portugal | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2016–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.