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Fertility & birth rates in Ghana and Lesotho

Updated on by Georank team

Ghana has an annual birth rate of 26.3 births per 1,000 people, compared to 24.1 for Lesotho. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 3.4 in Ghana and 2.69 in Lesotho — 20.7% difference.

1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by -50.7% in Ghana and by -53.4% in Lesotho — in 1960, it was 6.89 and 5.78, respectively.

Birth rates facts compared:

  • Ghana is ranked 47/196 by birth rate compared to 56/196 for Lesotho.
  • The mean age for first-time mothers is 22.1 years in Ghana, compared to 20.9 years in Lesotho.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 29.5 in Ghana — it's 27.9 in Lesotho.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 58.2 in Ghana vs 70.6 in Lesotho.
  • In Ghana, 25.6% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 27.8% in Lesotho.
  • Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +1.93% in Ghana and +1.35% in Lesotho.

Birth rate data compared

Ghana Lesotho
Fertility rate 3.4 2.69
Birth rate 26.3 24.1
Birth rate rank 47/196 56/196
Age at first childbirth 22.1 years 20.9 years
Average age at childbearing 29.5 years 27.9 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 56.7 69.1
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 148.4 134.4
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 53.2 38.1
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 25.6% 27.8%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 27.8% 65.3%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 78.9% 86.6%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.23% 0.48%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 2.12% 2.87%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 2.82% 5.54%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births 3.71% 5.89%
Population change due to births and deaths +651,094 +31,115
Natural population change rank 30/196 103/196
Natural population change rate +1.93% +1.35%
Population growth +1.89% +1.12%
Population growth rank 59/197 96/197
Life expectancy 65.9 years 58.2 years

Fertility rate in Ghana vs Lesotho chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Ghana was 3.4 children per woman in 2023, compared to 2.69 in Lesotho in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Ghana vs Lesotho population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Ghana
Factual

UN forecast
Lesotho
Factual

UN forecast

Births per woman

Year Fertility rate
Ghana Lesotho
1960 6.89 5.78
1961 6.91 5.79
1962 6.94 5.79
1963 6.94 5.78
1964 6.9 5.77
1965 6.88 5.77
1966 6.86 5.76
1967 6.89 5.75
1968 6.89 5.73
1969 6.95 5.7
1970 6.95 5.7
1971 6.95 5.7
1972 6.92 5.69
1973 6.87 5.69
1974 6.82 5.75
1975 6.76 5.83
1976 6.7 5.87
1977 6.64 5.85
1978 6.56 5.82
1979 6.51 5.79
1980 6.47 5.75
1981 6.42 5.69
1982 6.31 5.63
1983 6.23 5.56
1984 6.15 5.48
1985 6.12 5.4
1986 6.08 5.32
1987 6.02 5.22
1988 5.92 5.1
1989 5.82 4.96
1990 5.74 4.81
1991 5.63 4.68
1992 5.52 4.54
1993 5.41 4.37
1994 5.25 4.21
1995 5.11 4.13
1996 4.96 4.06
1997 4.88 3.98
1998 4.83 3.82
1999 4.82 3.67
2000 4.83 3.61
2001 4.77 3.63
2002 4.69 3.68
2003 4.6 3.62
2004 4.5 3.51
2005 4.5 3.43
2006 4.4 3.41
2007 4.29 3.44
2008 4.22 3.39
2009 4.18 3.31
2010 4.18 3.25
2011 4.18 3.34
2012 4.15 3.3
2013 4.11 3.28
2014 4.03 3.24
2015 3.98 3.22
2016 3.87 3.18
2017 3.72 3.11
2018 3.65 3.02
2019 3.59 2.92
2020 3.54 2.85
2021 3.49 2.77
2022 3.43 2.72
2023 3.4 2.69
2024 3.34 2.66
2025 3.3 2.64
2026 3.26 2.61
2027 3.22 2.58
2028 3.18 2.55
2029 3.14 2.53
2030 3.1 2.5
2031 3.06 2.47
2032 3.03 2.45
2033 2.99 2.43
2034 2.96 2.41
2035 2.93 2.38
2036 2.9 2.37
2037 2.87 2.34
2038 2.84 2.32
2039 2.81 2.3
2040 2.78 2.29
2041 2.76 2.27
2042 2.73 2.25
2043 2.71 2.24
2044 2.68 2.22
2045 2.66 2.21
2046 2.64 2.19
2047 2.62 2.18
2048 2.59 2.17
2049 2.57 2.16
2050 2.55 2.14

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Ghana
Factual

UN forecast
Lesotho
Factual

UN forecast
Year Share of people 0-14 years old
Ghana Lesotho
1960 45.4% 45.1%
1961 45.9% 45.2%
1962 46.4% 45.3%
1963 46.8% 45.2%
1964 47.1% 44.9%
1965 47.4% 44.8%
1966 47.6% 44.9%
1967 47.8% 44.8%
1968 47.9% 44.4%
1969 48.1% 44%
1970 48.2% 43.6%
1971 48.4% 43.1%
1972 48.4% 42.7%
1973 48.4% 42.3%
1974 48.3% 41.9%
1975 48.2% 41.6%
1976 47.9% 41.4%
1977 47.5% 41.5%
1978 47% 41.7%
1979 46.5% 41.9%
1980 46.2% 42.1%
1981 45.9% 42.3%
1982 45.7% 42.5%
1983 45.4% 42.7%
1984 45.2% 42.8%
1985 45.3% 43%
1986 45.4% 42.7%
1987 45.5% 42.5%
1988 45.4% 42.7%
1989 45.4% 42.8%
1990 45.3% 42.9%
1991 45.2% 42.9%
1992 45% 42.8%
1993 44.8% 42.6%
1994 44.5% 42.3%
1995 44.2% 42%
1996 43.9% 41.7%
1997 43.5% 41.2%
1998 43.1% 40.7%
1999 42.7% 40.2%
2000 42.3% 39.6%
2001 41.9% 39.1%
2002 41.5% 38.6%
2003 41.1% 38.1%
2004 40.7% 37.7%
2005 40.4% 37.4%
2006 40.1% 37.1%
2007 39.8% 36.8%
2008 39.5% 36.7%
2009 39.3% 36.6%
2010 39.1% 36.5%
2011 39% 36.5%
2012 38.9% 36.5%
2013 38.9% 36.5%
2014 38.8% 36.6%
2015 38.6% 36.6%
2016 38.4% 36.6%
2017 38.1% 36.5%
2018 37.8% 36.3%
2019 37.6% 36.1%
2020 37.2% 35.8%
2021 36.9% 35.6%
2022 36.5% 35.3%
2023 36.2% 34.9%
2024 35.8% 34.5%
2025 35.4% 34.1%
2026 35% 33.6%
2027 34.6% 33.1%
2028 34.1% 32.6%
2029 33.7% 32%
2030 33.3% 31.5%
2031 32.8% 31%
2032 32.5% 30.5%
2033 32.2% 30.1%
2034 31.9% 29.7%
2035 31.6% 29.3%
2036 31.4% 29%
2037 31.2% 28.8%
2038 30.9% 28.5%
2039 30.7% 28.3%
2040 30.5% 28.1%
2041 30.3% 27.8%
2042 30.1% 27.6%
2043 29.8% 27.4%
2044 29.6% 27.1%
2045 29.4% 26.9%
2046 29.2% 26.7%
2047 29% 26.4%
2048 28.8% 26.2%
2049 28.5% 25.9%
2050 28.3% 25.7%

Children aged 0-14 make up 35.8% of the population in Ghana and 34.5% in Lesotho in 2024, compared to 45.3% and 42.9% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Ghana and Lesotho compared.

Natural population change in Ghana vs Lesotho by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +2.1% in Ghana and +1.44% in Lesotho. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Ghana
Lesotho

Natural population change

Year Population change due to births and deaths
Ghana Lesotho
1960 217,134 19,981
1961 222,372 20,581
1962 223,842 21,132
1963 225,367 21,585
1964 226,685 22,116
1965 229,061 22,755
1966 231,440 23,326
1967 237,156 23,911
1968 242,821 24,490
1969 251,925 25,137
1970 257,938 25,935
1971 265,442 26,838
1972 275,236 27,841
1973 283,385 28,859
1974 290,796 30,444
1975 298,267 32,311
1976 305,769 34,117
1977 315,429 35,654
1978 324,428 37,084
1979 334,848 38,440
1980 346,816 39,617
1981 359,572 40,808
1982 369,061 41,941
1983 379,846 42,899
1984 392,053 43,785
1985 401,722 44,575
1986 411,191 45,232
1987 419,328 47,718
1988 425,031 47,158
1989 432,541 46,264
1990 442,211 45,060
1991 448,159 44,026
1992 452,156 42,579
1993 454,669 40,505
1994 449,589 38,629
1995 451,748 37,370
1996 450,259 36,228
1997 459,822 34,637
1998 471,313 30,889
1999 487,210 27,393
2000 508,738 24,786
2001 519,382 23,190
2002 528,620 22,274
2003 536,656 20,133
2004 543,339 17,271
2005 563,234 15,831
2006 569,474 15,234
2007 572,332 17,763
2008 579,695 19,349
2009 592,825 20,335
2010 613,133 21,877
2011 631,501 25,647
2012 646,595 27,592
2013 658,638 29,789
2014 660,829 30,922
2015 667,729 32,087
2016 659,910 33,390
2017 641,218 33,601
2018 641,551 33,112
2019 642,403 32,279
2020 637,469 30,721
2021 635,805 27,806
2022 646,441 30,803
2023 651,094 31,115

Fertility rates around the globe

Fertility rate

Maternal mortality chart: Ghana vs Lesotho

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 234 deaths per 100,000 live births in Ghana, compared to 478 deaths in Lesotho.

Ghana
Lesotho
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
Ghana Lesotho
1985 943 711
1986 908 680
1987 873 686
1988 834 680
1989 799 680
1990 769 665
1991 745 641
1992 718 601
1993 696 542
1994 670 423
1995 630 357
1996 591 319
1997 553 312
1998 521 332
1999 490 371
2000 472 413
2001 460 465
2002 434 484
2003 410 508
2004 403 499
2005 390 549
2006 385 696
2007 377 891
2008 380 1,205
2009 369 1,387
2010 363 1,311
2011 356 1,210
2012 351 1,000
2013 338 855
2014 317 707
2015 310 594
2016 296 518
2017 287 468
2018 276 491
2019 260 467
2020 253 529
2021 264 577
2022 239 477
2023 234 478

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 3.71% in Ghana and 5.89% in Lesotho. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Ghana
Lesotho

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

Year Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
Ghana Lesotho
1960 20.9% 18.6%
1961 20.7% 18.5%
1962 20.5% 18.5%
1963 20.4% 18.6%
1964 20.3% 18.6%
1965 20.3% 18.7%
1966 20.3% 18.6%
1967 20.3% 18.5%
1968 20.3% 18.3%
1969 20.3% 18%
1970 20.2% 17.7%
1971 20.1% 17.3%
1972 19.9% 16.9%
1973 19.6% 16.5%
1974 19.2% 16%
1975 18.7% 15.5%
1976 18.2% 14.9%
1977 17.7% 14.2%
1978 17.2% 13.6%
1979 16.9% 12.9%
1980 16.7% 12.3%
1981 16.6% 11.7%
1982 16.4% 11.1%
1983 16.2% 10.6%
1984 15.9% 10.1%
1985 15.5% 9.72%
1986 15% 9.36%
1987 14.4% 9.06%
1988 13.8% 8.8%
1989 13.3% 8.6%
1990 12.8% 8.47%
1991 12.3% 8.43%
1992 12% 8.51%
1993 11.8% 8.73%
1994 11.6% 9.07%
1995 11.5% 9.45%
1996 11.3% 9.83%
1997 11.1% 10.2%
1998 10.8% 10.5%
1999 10.4% 10.7%
2000 10% 10.9%
2001 9.61% 11.1%
2002 9.21% 11.2%
2003 8.85% 11.4%
2004 8.52% 11.5%
2005 8.22% 11.6%
2006 7.93% 11.5%
2007 7.63% 11.2%
2008 7.31% 10.9%
2009 6.99% 9.64%
2010 6.65% 9.01%
2011 6.33% 8.59%
2012 6.02% 8.26%
2013 5.74% 8.02%
2014 5.48% 7.82%
2015 5.25% 7.51%
2016 5.02% 7.18%
2017 4.81% 7.12%
2018 4.6% 6.91%
2019 4.39% 6.87%
2020 4.2% 6.68%
2021 4.02% 6.44%
2022 3.85% 6.15%
2023 3.71% 5.89%

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Birth rate comparisons

Birth rate vs Ghana vs Lesotho
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