Fertility & birth rates in Ghana and Nicaragua

Fertility rate in Ghana vs Nicaragua chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Ghana was 3.4 children per woman in 2023, compared to 2.22 in Nicaragua in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Ghana vs Nicaragua population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Ghana	Nicaragua
1960	6.89	7.16
1961	6.91	7.11
1962	6.94	7.1
1963	6.94	7.08
1964	6.9	7.06
1965	6.88	7.03
1966	6.86	6.99
1967	6.89	6.94
1968	6.89	6.89
1969	6.95	6.83
1970	6.95	6.77
1971	6.95	6.71
1972	6.92	6.65
1973	6.87	6.59
1974	6.82	6.52
1975	6.76	6.45
1976	6.7	6.37
1977	6.64	6.28
1978	6.56	6.16
1979	6.51	6.07
1980	6.47	5.96
1981	6.42	5.84
1982	6.31	5.74
1983	6.23	5.61
1984	6.15	5.49
1985	6.12	5.36
1986	6.08	5.22
1987	6.02	5.07
1988	5.92	4.93
1989	5.82	4.76
1990	5.74	4.6
1991	5.63	4.43
1992	5.52	4.27
1993	5.41	4.1
1994	5.25	3.94
1995	5.11	3.78
1996	4.96	3.62
1997	4.88	3.47
1998	4.83	3.34
1999	4.82	3.22
2000	4.83	3.12
2001	4.77	3
2002	4.69	2.89
2003	4.6	2.83
2004	4.5	2.78
2005	4.5	2.77
2006	4.4	2.73
2007	4.29	2.7
2008	4.22	2.66
2009	4.18	2.63
2010	4.18	2.6
2011	4.18	2.56
2012	4.15	2.53
2013	4.11	2.49
2014	4.03	2.46
2015	3.98	2.43
2016	3.87	2.41
2017	3.72	2.38
2018	3.65	2.35
2019	3.59	2.32
2020	3.54	2.3
2021	3.49	2.27
2022	3.43	2.24
2023	3.4	2.22
2024	3.34	2.21
2025	3.3	2.18
2026	3.26	2.16
2027	3.22	2.14
2028	3.18	2.11
2029	3.14	2.09
2030	3.1	2.07
2031	3.06	2.05
2032	3.03	2.04
2033	2.99	2.02
2034	2.96	2.01
2035	2.93	2
2036	2.9	1.98
2037	2.87	1.97
2038	2.84	1.96
2039	2.81	1.95
2040	2.78	1.94
2041	2.76	1.93
2042	2.73	1.92
2043	2.71	1.91
2044	2.68	1.9
2045	2.66	1.89
2046	2.64	1.89
2047	2.62	1.88
2048	2.59	1.87
2049	2.57	1.87
2050	2.55	1.86

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Ghana	Nicaragua
1960	45.4%	47.6%
1961	45.9%	47.8%
1962	46.4%	48%
1963	46.8%	48.2%
1964	47.1%	48.2%
1965	47.4%	48.1%
1966	47.6%	47.9%
1967	47.8%	47.8%
1968	47.9%	47.7%
1969	48.1%	47.6%
1970	48.2%	47.5%
1971	48.4%	47.5%
1972	48.4%	47.4%
1973	48.4%	47.4%
1974	48.3%	47.3%
1975	48.2%	47.3%
1976	47.9%	47.3%
1977	47.5%	47.2%
1978	47%	47.3%
1979	46.5%	47.3%
1980	46.2%	47.3%
1981	45.9%	47.3%
1982	45.7%	47.3%
1983	45.4%	47.2%
1984	45.2%	47.2%
1985	45.3%	47.1%
1986	45.4%	47%
1987	45.5%	46.9%
1988	45.4%	46.7%
1989	45.4%	46.4%
1990	45.3%	46.1%
1991	45.2%	45.7%
1992	45%	45.2%
1993	44.8%	44.8%
1994	44.5%	44.3%
1995	44.2%	43.7%
1996	43.9%	43.1%
1997	43.5%	42.4%
1998	43.1%	41.7%
1999	42.7%	41%
2000	42.3%	40.3%
2001	41.9%	39.6%
2002	41.5%	38.9%
2003	41.1%	38.2%
2004	40.7%	37.5%
2005	40.4%	36.8%
2006	40.1%	36.2%
2007	39.8%	35.7%
2008	39.5%	35.2%
2009	39.3%	34.7%
2010	39.1%	34.2%
2011	39%	33.8%
2012	38.9%	33.3%
2013	38.9%	32.9%
2014	38.8%	32.6%
2015	38.6%	32.2%
2016	38.4%	31.8%
2017	38.1%	31.5%
2018	37.8%	31.1%
2019	37.6%	30.8%
2020	37.2%	30.4%
2021	36.9%	30.1%
2022	36.5%	29.6%
2023	36.2%	29.2%
2024	35.8%	28.8%
2025	35.4%	28.3%
2026	35%	27.9%
2027	34.6%	27.4%
2028	34.1%	27%
2029	33.7%	26.6%
2030	33.3%	26.2%
2031	32.8%	25.8%
2032	32.5%	25.4%
2033	32.2%	25%
2034	31.9%	24.7%
2035	31.6%	24.4%
2036	31.4%	24%
2037	31.2%	23.7%
2038	30.9%	23.4%
2039	30.7%	23.1%
2040	30.5%	22.8%
2041	30.3%	22.5%
2042	30.1%	22.2%
2043	29.8%	22%
2044	29.6%	21.7%
2045	29.4%	21.4%
2046	29.2%	21.2%
2047	29%	20.9%
2048	28.8%	20.7%
2049	28.5%	20.5%
2050	28.3%	20.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 35.8% of the population in Ghana and 28.8% in Nicaragua in 2024, compared to 45.3% and 46.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Ghana and Nicaragua compared.

Natural population change in Ghana vs Nicaragua by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +2.1% in Ghana and +1.58% in Nicaragua. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Ghana	Nicaragua
1960	217,134	55,664
1961	222,372	57,499
1962	223,842	59,547
1963	225,367	61,738
1964	226,685	64,227
1965	229,061	67,056
1966	231,440	69,883
1967	237,156	72,722
1968	242,821	75,458
1969	251,925	78,237
1970	257,938	81,127
1971	265,442	84,139
1972	275,236	76,906
1973	283,385	89,662
1974	290,796	92,505
1975	298,267	95,230
1976	305,769	98,100
1977	315,429	100,498
1978	324,428	98,419
1979	334,848	96,429
1980	346,816	108,604
1981	359,572	110,421
1982	369,061	112,468
1983	379,846	110,618
1984	392,053	110,133
1985	401,722	110,949
1986	411,191	113,054
1987	419,328	112,885
1988	425,031	117,299
1989	432,541	120,128
1990	442,211	120,677
1991	448,159	121,787
1992	452,156	121,204
1993	454,669	120,469
1994	449,589	119,565
1995	451,748	118,325
1996	450,259	116,849
1997	459,822	114,415
1998	471,313	108,862
1999	487,210	110,217
2000	508,738	109,192
2001	519,382	107,109
2002	528,620	105,805
2003	536,656	106,142
2004	543,339	106,904
2005	563,234	108,984
2006	569,474	110,073
2007	572,332	110,341
2008	579,695	110,395
2009	592,825	110,213
2010	613,133	110,475
2011	631,501	110,026
2012	646,595	110,065
2013	658,638	109,032
2014	660,829	108,420
2015	667,729	107,344
2016	659,910	106,585
2017	641,218	105,468
2018	641,551	104,814
2019	642,403	102,817
2020	637,469	90,515
2021	635,805	89,213
2022	646,441	100,987
2023	651,094	100,921

Maternal mortality chart: Ghana vs Nicaragua

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 234 deaths per 100,000 live births in Ghana, compared to 60 deaths in Nicaragua.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Ghana	Nicaragua
1985	943	319
1986	908	313
1987	873	316
1988	834	301
1989	799	286
1990	769	281
1991	745	273
1992	718	272
1993	696	265
1994	670	256
1995	630	251
1996	591	244
1997	553	236
1998	521	239
1999	490	228
2000	472	213
2001	460	194
2002	434	170
2003	410	154
2004	403	140
2005	390	124
2006	385	113
2007	377	106
2008	380	101
2009	369	99
2010	363	96
2011	356	93
2012	351	88
2013	338	86
2014	317	83
2015	310	81
2016	296	77
2017	287	72
2018	276	67
2019	260	69
2020	253	87
2021	264	124
2022	239	61
2023	234	60

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 3.71% in Ghana and 1.34% in Nicaragua. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Ghana	Nicaragua
1960	20.9%	19.8%
1961	20.7%	19.6%
1962	20.5%	19.4%
1963	20.4%	19.2%
1964	20.3%	19%
1965	20.3%	18.7%
1966	20.3%	18.4%
1967	20.3%	18.1%
1968	20.3%	17.8%
1969	20.3%	17.4%
1970	20.2%	17.1%
1971	20.1%	16.6%
1972	19.9%	18.7%
1973	19.6%	15.6%
1974	19.2%	15%
1975	18.7%	14.4%
1976	18.2%	13.7%
1977	17.7%	12.9%
1978	17.2%	12.2%
1979	16.9%	11.5%
1980	16.7%	10.8%
1981	16.6%	10.2%
1982	16.4%	9.58%
1983	16.2%	9.07%
1984	15.9%	8.62%
1985	15.5%	8.21%
1986	15%	7.85%
1987	14.4%	7.53%
1988	13.8%	7.22%
1989	13.3%	6.92%
1990	12.8%	6.62%
1991	12.3%	6.31%
1992	12%	6%
1993	11.8%	5.69%
1994	11.6%	5.39%
1995	11.5%	5.09%
1996	11.3%	4.81%
1997	11.1%	4.54%
1998	10.8%	5.01%
1999	10.4%	4.04%
2000	10%	3.82%
2001	9.61%	3.62%
2002	9.21%	3.43%
2003	8.85%	3.26%
2004	8.52%	3.1%
2005	8.22%	2.95%
2006	7.93%	2.81%
2007	7.63%	2.68%
2008	7.31%	2.55%
2009	6.99%	2.44%
2010	6.65%	2.33%
2011	6.33%	2.22%
2012	6.02%	2.13%
2013	5.74%	2.03%
2014	5.48%	1.94%
2015	5.25%	1.86%
2016	5.02%	1.78%
2017	4.81%	1.71%
2018	4.6%	1.64%
2019	4.39%	1.57%
2020	4.2%	1.51%
2021	4.02%	1.45%
2022	3.85%	1.39%
2023	3.71%	1.34%