Fertility & birth rates in Canada and Japan

Fertility rate in Canada vs Japan by year

Chart Table

Canada

Japan

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Canada	Japan
2023	1.26	1.2
2022	1.33	1.26
2021	1.44	1.3
2020	1.41	1.33
2019	1.47	1.36
2018	1.51	1.42
2017	1.55	1.43
2016	1.59	1.44
2015	1.6	1.45
2014	1.61	1.42
2013	1.61	1.43
2012	1.63	1.41
2011	1.63	1.39
2010	1.65	1.39
2009	1.69	1.37
2008	1.7	1.37
2007	1.67	1.34
2006	1.63	1.32
2005	1.58	1.26
2004	1.56	1.29
2003	1.55	1.29
2002	1.52	1.32
2001	1.54	1.33
2000	1.51	1.36
1999	1.55	1.34
1998	1.56	1.38
1997	1.57	1.39
1996	1.63	1.43
1995	1.67	1.42
1994	1.69	1.5
1993	1.69	1.46
1992	1.71	1.5
1991	1.72	1.53
1990	1.83	1.54
1989	1.77	1.57
1988	1.68	1.66
1987	1.68	1.69
1986	1.68	1.72
1985	1.67	1.76
1984	1.65	1.81
1983	1.68	1.8
1982	1.69	1.77
1981	1.7	1.74
1980	1.74	1.75
1979	1.75	1.77
1978	1.77	1.79
1977	1.78	1.8
1976	1.8	1.85
1975	1.82	1.91
1974	1.84	2.05
1973	1.89	2.14
1972	1.98	2.14
1971	2.14	2.16
1970	2.26	2.13
1969	2.33	2.13
1968	2.39	2.13
1967	2.53	2.23
1966	2.75	1.58
1965	3.12	2.14
1964	3.46	2.05
1963	3.61	2
1962	3.68	1.98
1961	3.75	1.96
1960	3.81	2

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Canada was 1.26 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.2 in Japan in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Canada vs Japan population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Canada

Japan

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Canada	Japan
2023	28,058	-871,617
2022	15,574	-825,825
2021	57,360	-640,976
2020	53,241	-542,923
2019	86,523	-531,858
2018	88,974	-456,520
2017	98,672	-406,310
2016	115,555	-343,106
2015	117,825	-292,424
2014	127,563	-267,279
2013	129,799	-242,146
2012	135,382	-229,733
2011	133,923	-204,533
2010	139,425	-128,070
2009	144,609	-76,828
2008	142,963	-51,225
2007	134,845	-25,600
2006	130,285	12,785
2005	116,074	-25,554
2004	111,786	76,656
2003	110,749	114,946
2002	106,621	178,423
2001	114,777	203,438
2000	110,469	228,317
1999	118,565	202,610
1998	126,651	265,440
1997	134,577	277,325
1996	153,973	314,392
1995	167,023	276,039
1994	179,804	363,017
1993	186,451	312,073
1992	204,273	360,833
1991	207,477	396,685
1990	213,222	407,478
1989	207,304	467,662
1988	192,901	527,085
1987	190,416	598,138
1986	190,532	631,706
1985	204,153	676,687
1984	204,856	756,523
1983	202,931	775,495
1982	200,935	805,664
1981	206,005	811,861
1980	203,480	864,372
1979	203,293	950,298
1978	194,102	1,011,234
1977	199,297	1,070,397
1976	196,979	1,127,750
1975	196,718	1,204,989
1974	182,464	1,332,960
1973	184,432	1,391,449
1972	188,857	1,372,006
1971	208,640	1,331,782
1970	215,372	1,230,496
1969	216,588	1,195,962
1968	211,589	1,191,930
1967	220,450	1,258,475
1966	236,566	682,072
1965	269,589	1,126,448
1964	307,268	1,046,553
1963	318,595	987,770
1962	325,745	901,864
1961	334,360	893,522
1960	338,487	894,874

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +0.07% in Canada and -0.7% in Japan.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.22% in Canada and -0.41% in Japan.

Birth rate in Canada vs Japan by year

Chart Table

Canada

Japan

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Canada	Japan
2023	8.8	6
2022	9	6.3
2021	9.7	6.6
2020	9.5	6.8
2019	9.9	7
2018	10.1	7.4
2017	10.3	7.6
2016	10.6	7.8
2015	10.7	8
2014	10.9	8
2013	10.9	8.2
2012	11	8.2
2011	11	8.3
2010	11.2	8.5
2009	11.4	8.5
2008	11.5	8.7
2007	11.3	8.6
2006	11	8.7
2005	10.7	8.4
2004	10.6	8.8
2003	10.6	8.9
2002	10.5	9.2
2001	10.8	9.3
2000	10.7	9.5
1999	11.1	9.4
1998	11.4	9.6
1997	11.7	9.5
1996	12.4	9.7
1995	12.9	9.6
1994	13.3	10
1993	13.6	9.6
1992	14.1	9.8
1991	14.4	9.9
1990	15	10
1989	14.9	10.2
1988	14.5	10.8
1987	14.4	11.1
1986	14.5	11.4
1985	14.9	11.9
1984	15	12.5
1983	15	12.7
1982	15.1	12.8
1981	15.3	13
1980	15.4	13.6
1979	15.4	14.2
1978	15.2	14.9
1977	15.5	15.5
1976	15.6	16.3
1975	15.8	17.1
1974	15.4	18.6
1973	15.6	19.4
1972	15.9	19.3
1971	16.8	19.2
1970	17.4	18.8
1969	17.6	18.5
1968	17.6	18.6
1967	18.2	19.4
1966	19.3	13.7
1965	21.3	18.6
1964	23.4	17.7
1963	24.6	17.3
1962	25.2	17
1961	26	16.9
1960	26.7	17.2

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8.8 in Canada and 6 in Japan, compared with 26.7 and 17.2, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Canada

Factual

UN forecast

Japan

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Canada	Japan
2100	13.4%	11.5%
2099	13.4%	11.5%
2098	13.4%	11.5%
2097	13.4%	11.5%
2096	13.3%	11.6%
2095	13.3%	11.6%
2094	13.3%	11.6%
2093	13.3%	11.7%
2092	13.3%	11.7%
2091	13.3%	11.8%
2090	13.3%	11.8%
2089	13.3%	11.8%
2088	13.3%	11.8%
2087	13.3%	11.9%
2086	13.3%	11.9%
2085	13.3%	11.8%
2084	13.3%	11.8%
2083	13.3%	11.8%
2082	13.3%	11.8%
2081	13.3%	11.7%
2080	13.3%	11.6%
2079	13.3%	11.6%
2078	13.3%	11.5%
2077	13.3%	11.4%
2076	13.2%	11.3%
2075	13.2%	11.2%
2074	13.2%	11.1%
2073	13.2%	11.1%
2072	13.2%	11%
2071	13.2%	10.9%
2070	13.2%	10.9%
2069	13.2%	10.8%
2068	13.3%	10.8%
2067	13.3%	10.8%
2066	13.3%	10.8%
2065	13.3%	10.8%
2064	13.3%	10.8%
2063	13.3%	10.8%
2062	13.3%	10.9%
2061	13.3%	10.9%
2060	13.3%	11%
2059	13.3%	11%
2058	13.4%	11.1%
2057	13.4%	11.1%
2056	13.4%	11.2%
2055	13.4%	11.2%
2054	13.4%	11.3%
2053	13.4%	11.3%
2052	13.4%	11.3%
2051	13.5%	11.3%
2050	13.5%	11.2%
2049	13.5%	11.2%
2048	13.5%	11.1%
2047	13.5%	11.1%
2046	13.5%	11%
2045	13.5%	10.9%
2044	13.6%	10.8%
2043	13.6%	10.7%
2042	13.6%	10.6%
2041	13.6%	10.5%
2040	13.7%	10.4%
2039	13.7%	10.3%
2038	13.8%	10.2%
2037	13.8%	10.1%
2036	13.9%	10.1%
2035	14%	10.1%
2034	14%	10.1%
2033	14.1%	10.1%
2032	14.2%	10.2%
2031	14.3%	10.3%
2030	14.4%	10.5%
2029	14.5%	10.6%
2028	14.7%	10.8%
2027	14.8%	11%
2026	14.9%	11.1%
2025	15%	11.3%
2024	15.1%	11.4%
2023	15.3%	11.6%
2022	15.5%	11.9%
2021	15.7%	12%
2020	15.9%	12.2%
2019	16%	12.4%
2018	16.1%	12.5%
2017	16.2%	12.6%
2016	16.2%	12.7%
2015	16.2%	12.8%
2014	16.2%	13%
2013	16.3%	13.1%
2012	16.3%	13.2%
2011	16.4%	13.3%
2010	16.6%	13.4%
2009	16.7%	13.5%
2008	16.9%	13.5%
2007	17.1%	13.6%
2006	17.4%	13.7%
2005	17.7%	13.8%
2004	18%	13.8%
2003	18.3%	13.9%
2002	18.6%	14.1%
2001	18.9%	14.2%
2000	19.2%	14.4%
1999	19.5%	14.6%
1998	19.8%	14.8%
1997	20%	15.1%
1996	20.2%	15.3%
1995	20.4%	15.6%
1994	20.6%	16%
1993	20.7%	16.4%
1992	20.7%	16.9%
1991	20.7%	17.4%
1990	20.7%	18%
1989	20.8%	18.8%
1988	20.8%	19.5%
1987	20.9%	20.3%
1986	21.1%	21%
1985	21.3%	21.7%
1984	21.6%	22.2%
1983	21.8%	22.6%
1982	22%	23.1%
1981	22.3%	23.3%
1980	22.8%	23.4%
1979	23.4%	23.7%
1978	24%	23.8%
1977	24.7%	23.9%
1976	25.5%	23.9%
1975	26.2%	23.8%
1974	27%	23.8%
1973	27.8%	23.6%
1972	28.6%	23.4%
1971	29.3%	23.3%
1970	30.2%	23.3%
1969	31%	23.4%
1968	31.6%	23.5%
1967	32.3%	23.8%
1966	32.9%	24.4%
1965	33.3%	25.1%
1964	33.7%	25.8%
1963	33.9%	26.8%
1962	33.9%	28%
1961	33.9%	29.1%
1960	33.8%	29.8%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.1% of the population in Canada and 11.4% in Japan in 2024, compared to 20.7% and 18% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Canada and Japan compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Canada vs Japan

Chart Table

Canada

Japan

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Canada	Japan
2023	12	3
2022	15	5
2021	14	4
2020	17	4
2019	12	5
2018	13	5
2017	12	5
2016	12	5
2015	11	5
2014	12	5
2013	11	5
2012	11	6
2011	11	6
2010	11	6
2009	12	6
2008	12	6
2007	11	6
2006	11	7
2005	11	7
2004	10	7
2003	10	8
2002	10	8
2001	10	8
2000	9	9
1999	9	9
1998	9	10
1997	8	10
1996	9	11
1995	8	11
1994	8	11
1993	8	12
1992	8	13
1991	8	13
1990	7	14
1989	8	15
1988	7	16
1987	7	17
1986	7	18
1985	7	19

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 12 deaths per 100,000 live births in Canada, compared to 3 deaths in Japan.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Canada

Japan

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Canada	Japan
2023	0.51%	0.24%
2022	0.51%	0.24%
2021	0.51%	0.24%
2020	0.51%	0.24%
2019	0.51%	0.25%
2018	0.52%	0.25%
2017	0.52%	0.26%
2016	0.53%	0.27%
2015	0.54%	0.28%
2014	0.54%	0.29%
2013	0.55%	0.3%
2012	0.56%	0.31%
2011	0.56%	0.33%
2010	0.57%	0.33%
2009	0.58%	0.34%
2008	0.59%	0.34%
2007	0.6%	0.35%
2006	0.6%	0.36%
2005	0.61%	0.37%
2004	0.61%	0.39%
2003	0.62%	0.4%
2002	0.62%	0.41%
2001	0.62%	0.43%
2000	0.62%	0.45%
1999	0.63%	0.47%
1998	0.64%	0.5%
1997	0.65%	0.52%
1996	0.67%	0.55%
1995	0.69%	0.57%
1994	0.72%	0.59%
1993	0.74%	0.6%
1992	0.77%	0.61%
1991	0.8%	0.62%
1990	0.82%	0.63%
1989	0.85%	0.64%
1988	0.88%	0.66%
1987	0.91%	0.68%
1986	0.94%	0.71%
1985	0.98%	0.75%
1984	1.01%	0.79%
1983	1.06%	0.83%
1982	1.12%	0.88%
1981	1.18%	0.93%
1980	1.25%	0.99%
1979	1.33%	1.05%
1978	1.42%	1.11%
1977	1.51%	1.18%
1976	1.6%	1.25%
1975	1.7%	1.33%
1974	1.79%	1.41%
1973	1.89%	1.49%
1972	1.99%	1.57%
1971	2.09%	1.65%
1970	2.19%	1.75%
1969	2.3%	1.85%
1968	2.4%	1.96%
1967	2.5%	2.1%
1966	2.6%	2.26%
1965	2.71%	2.46%
1964	2.82%	2.7%
1963	2.94%	2.98%
1962	3.05%	3.29%
1961	3.15%	3.62%
1960	3.26%	3.97%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.51% in Canada and 0.24% in Japan. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.